Question 1

CP is&#10;A) a result of damage to the CNS.&#10;B) a condition that can be cured with treatment.&#10;C) a condition that primarily affects intelligence.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

CP, the most common crippler of children, is a condition consisting of a group of disorders possibly involving the brain and nervous system functions that deal with movement, learning, hearing, sight, and thinking.

Question 2

Cryptorchidism is&#10;A) a congenital malignant tumor.&#10;B) also known as phimosis.&#10;C) the failure of the testicle(s) to descend into the scrotum.&#10;D) Wilms' tumor.

Accepted Answer

Cryptorchidism is failure of one or both of the testicles to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum.

Question 3

Hyaline membrane disease refers to&#10;A) bronchomalacia.&#10;B) infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS).&#10;C) retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).&#10;D) necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Accepted Answer

IRDS, or hyaline membrane disease, is similar to adult respiratory distress syndrome in that the patient suffers acute hypoxemia caused by infiltrates within the alveoli.

Question 4

Down syndrome is&#10;A) a congenital form of mild to severe mental retardation.&#10;B) associated with distinctive physical abnormalities and heart defects.&#10;C) caused by a chromosomal abnormality.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome, in addition to mild to severe mental retardation, is associated with heart defects and other congenital abnormalities. Typically, the infant has a small head; a skull with a flat back; a characteristic slant to the eyes; a flat nasal bridge; small, low-set ears; a small mouth with a protruding tongue; and small, weak muscles (see Figures 2-10 and 2-11). The hands are short with stubby fingers and a deep horizontal crease across the palm (simian line). There is an exaggerated space between the big and little toes. Infants with Down syndrome have an extra chromosome number 21 (trisomy 21). It occurs in 1 in 650 live births and more often in infants born to women more than 35 years of age (see Figure 2-12). Infants with severe Down syndrome usually are identified at or before birth; milder forms are diagnosed later. The physical characteristics may be blatantly obvious. Findings on examination of the eyes may include the presence of small white dots on the iris. A karyotype showing the chromosomal abnormality can confirm the diagnosis.

Question 5

Down syndrome, a genetic syndrome, is the result of the child having ______ pairs of chromosomes.&#10;A) 45&#10;B) 46&#10;C) 47&#10;D) 48

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome (formerly called mongolism) is a genetic syndrome in which the individual has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46, resulting in a congenital form of mild to severe mental retardation that is accompanied by characteristic facial features and distinctive physical abnormalities.

Question 6

The most common crippler of children is&#10;A) spina bifida.&#10;B) muscular dystrophy (MD).&#10;C) Down syndrome.&#10;D) cerebral palsy (CP).

Accepted Answer

CP, the most common crippler of children, is a condition consisting of a group of disorders possibly involving the brain and nervous system functions that deal with movement, learning, hearing, sight, and thinking. This disorder may be congenital or acquired and bilateral or unilateral in the form of a nonprogressive paralysis that results from damage to the central nervous system (CNS).

Question 7

Some warning signs of lead poisoning include&#10;A) loss of appetite and vomiting.&#10;B) irritability and ataxic gait.&#10;C) anemia.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

Children exposed to toxic levels of lead, a poisonous metallic element, exhibit signs of lead poisoning. Some warning signs are loss of appetite, vomiting, irritability, and ataxic gait. Chronic symptoms include anemia, weakness, colic, and peripheral neuritis. Evidence of mental retardation resulting from brain damage is possible. A child with acute lead intoxication presents as a medical emergency. The child has symptoms of encephalopathy with vomiting, headache, stupor, convulsions, and coma resulting from cerebral edema (see Figure 2-50).

Question 8

The collapse of a seemingly healthy young athlete during a strenuous sporting event or other period of stressful exercise is often caused by&#10;A) patent ductus arteriosis (PDA).&#10;B) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.&#10;C) respiratory distress syndrome.&#10;D) atrial septal defect (ASD).

Accepted Answer

Tragically the first sign of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is often the collapse of a seemingly healthy young athlete during a strenuous sporting event or other period of stressful exercise. This collapse can be followed by cardiac arrest caused by a cardiac arrhythmia. Many have no symptoms until the collapse. It is possible that some individuals experience no symptoms. Signs may be discovered during a physical examination. Symptoms, often ignored by young people, may include chest pain, syncope, hypertension, palpitations, or shortness of breath. Some report experiencing fatigue, shortness of breath when lying down, or reduced tolerance of activity.

Question 9

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true about asthma?&#10;A) The bronchial tubes are hyperactive and hypersensitive.&#10;B) Severe attacks require hospitalization.&#10;C) It is a leading cause of absenteeism in school children.&#10;D) All of the above are true.

Accepted Answer

Asthma is the result of hyperactive and hypersensitive bronchial tubes. The bronchial spasms of asthma can be triggered by many extrinsic (allergic) or intrinsic (nonallergic) factors, including stress, heavy exercise, infection, and inhalation of allergens or other substances. In a severe attack unresponsive to drug therapy, a condition called status asthmaticus may lead to fatal respiratory failure and thus the need for endotracheal intubation. The patient requires hospitalization for aggressive medical treatment and follow-up. Asthma is a chronic, reversible, obstructive disease caused by increased reactivity of the tracheobronchial tree to various stimuli. There are two major processes at work: constriction of the bronchioles and inflammation of the airway. It is a leading cause of chronic illness and school absenteeism in children.

Question 10

Duchenne MD&#10;A) is usually the result of trauma.&#10;B) is progressive and causes crippling and immobility.&#10;C) affects males and females equally.&#10;D) is not a genetic condition.

Accepted Answer

MD is a progressive degeneration and weakening of the skeletal muscles in which muscle fibers are abnormally vulnerable to injury. There are several types of the disease, but all are rare. The most common and best-known type is Duchenne MD, which is diagnosed soon after birth or during early childhood, usually before the age of 5 years. MD initially affects the muscles of the shoulders, hips, thighs, and calves of the legs, causing the characteristic waddling gait and toe walking. Affected muscles sometimes look larger than normal because fat replaces atrophied muscle. The child also may have lordosis or other spinal deformities. In addition, the child has difficulty climbing stairs and running, tends to fall easily, and has difficulty getting up. As the disease progresses, it involves all the muscles, causing crippling and immobility (see Figure 2-13). Contractures typically develop, and the child becomes increasingly susceptible to serious pulmonary infections such as pneumonia. Also, children with Duchenne MD often are impaired mentally.

Question 11

The diagnostic investigation of a congenital heart defect may include&#10;A) physical examination and patient history.&#10;B) radiographic studies of the chest and blood tests.&#10;C) heart catheterization and electrocardiogram (ECG).&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The diagnostic investigation of a congenital heart...

Question 12

Congenital hip dysplasia (CHD)&#10;A) causes cleft lip.&#10;B) is a nontraumatic deformity of the foot.&#10;C) is more common in male infants.&#10;D) is an abnormal development of the hip joint.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Congenital hip dysplasia (CHD)&#10;A) causes cleft lip.&#10;B)...

Question 13

Childhood immunizations are important because&#10;A) they are needed to obtain a passport.&#10;B) they help prevent colds.&#10;C) they prevent epidemics of serious contagious diseases.&#10;D) of all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Childhood immunizations are important because&#10;A) they are...

Question 14

Symptoms of Wilms' tumor may include&#10;A) nasal regurgitation during feeding.&#10;B) hematuria, pain, and hypertension.&#10;C) a shortening of the femur.&#10;D) projectile vomiting, loss of weight, and skin rash.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Symptoms of Wilms' tumor may include&#10;A) nasal...

Question 15

The symptoms and signs of anemia include&#10;A) pallor, weakness, fatigability, and listlessness.&#10;B) an abnormal reduction of red blood cells (RBCs).&#10;C) tachycardia, jaundice, and mental sluggishness.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The symptoms and signs of anemia include&#10;A)...

Question 16

All females of childbearing age capable of becoming pregnant are encouraged to take the recommended amount of&#10;A) calcium.&#10;B) vitamin D.&#10;C) folic acid.&#10;D) iron.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All females of childbearing age capable of...

Question 17

Attempts to halt premature labor include&#10;A) having the mother on complete bedrest.&#10;B) using drug therapy to slow or halt contractions.&#10;C) giving the mother a short course of steroids to aid fetal lung maturation.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Attempts to halt premature labor include&#10;A) having...

Question 18

The birth defect in which there is a hole in the middle of the roof of the mouth is&#10;A) cleft palate.&#10;B) cri-du-chat syndrome.&#10;C) Robinow's syndrome.&#10;D) meningocele.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The birth defect in which there is...

Question 19

Congenital diseases&#10;A) are always fatal.&#10;B) are always genetic.&#10;C) are always nongenetic.&#10;D) can be physical or mental.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Congenital diseases&#10;A) are always fatal.&#10;B) are always...

Question 20

The most common cyanotic congenital heart defect that is actually a combination of four defects is called&#10;A) ventricular septal defect (VSD).&#10;B) PDA.&#10;C) tetralogy of Fallot.&#10;D) transposition of the great arteries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common cyanotic congenital heart defect...

Question 21

Causes of infantile colic may be&#10;A) sensitivity to cow's milk.&#10;B) sensitivity to iron.&#10;C) excessive swallowing of air during feeding process.&#10;D) a and c.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Causes of infantile colic may be&#10;A) sensitivity...

Question 22

Cystic fibrosis (CF), a chronic dysfunction of the exocrine glands, primarily attacks the&#10;A) nervous system.&#10;B) lungs and digestive system.&#10;C) blood vessels.&#10;D) immune system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cystic fibrosis (CF), a chronic dysfunction of...

Question 23

Serious side effects of uncontrolled diarrhea in the infant or child include&#10;A) intestinal obstruction and rhonchi.&#10;B) dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.&#10;C) diaper rash and Reye's syndrome.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Serious side effects of uncontrolled diarrhea in...

Question 24

Causes of prematurity include&#10;A) incompetent cervix, bicornuate uterus, and premature rupture of membranes.&#10;B) maternal physical conditions including infection and hypertension.&#10;C) multiple gestation.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Causes of prematurity include&#10;A) incompetent cervix, bicornuate...

Question 25

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is&#10;A) most likely to occur in a sick infant.&#10;B) not known to have any risk factors.&#10;C) the number one cause of death of infants between ages 1 month and 12 months.&#10;D) predictable and preventable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is&#10;A) most...

Question 26

Prompt and complete treatment of acute tonsillitis caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci is necessary to prevent&#10;A) rheumatic fever.&#10;B) rheumatic heart disease.&#10;C) kidney complications.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prompt and complete treatment of acute tonsillitis...

Question 27

The most common fatal genetic disease is&#10;A) hypertrophic cardiomegaly.&#10;B) CF.&#10;C) Down syndrome.&#10;D) tetralogy of Fallot.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common fatal genetic disease is&#10;A)...

Question 28

Which of the following statements is/are true about leukemia?&#10;A) It is the most common childhood malignancy.&#10;B) It is a primary malignant disease of bone marrow.&#10;C) The diagnosis is confirmed by microscopic examination of the bone marrow.&#10;D) Both a and c are true

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is/are true...

Question 29

Conjoined twins may be joined&#10;A) head to head (cranial).&#10;B) posteriorly at the sacrum and coccyx.&#10;C) chest to chest.&#10;D) at all of the above points.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Conjoined twins may be joined&#10;A) head to...

Question 30

The production of copious thick and sticky mucus that accumulates and blocks glandular ducts is characteristic of&#10;A) Wilms' tumor.&#10;B) PKU.&#10;C) pyloric stenosis.&#10;D) CF.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The production of copious thick and sticky...

Question 31

The disease that involves impairment of intestinal motility, which causes obstruction of the distal colon, is called&#10;A) Hirschsprung's disease.&#10;B) pyloric stenosis.&#10;C) cryptorchidism.&#10;D) phimosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The disease that involves impairment of intestinal...

Question 32

Conditions often resulting from premature birth include&#10;A) NEC, IRDS, and ROP.&#10;B) spina bifida, hydrocephalus, and anencephaly.&#10;C) MD, CF, and Down syndrome.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Conditions often resulting from premature birth include&#10;A)...

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true about lead poisoning?&#10;A) The child suffering from acute lead intoxication presents a medical emergency.&#10;B) It is hard to detect, since lead is normally present in the blood.&#10;C) It is a silent disease, because there are no warning signs or chronic symptoms.&#10;D) There is no evidence of mental retardation resulting from brain damage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true...

Question 34

Pregnant women should be isolated from individuals infected with _________ to prevent perinatal infection.&#10;A) rubeola.&#10;B) rubella.&#10;C) chickenpox.&#10;D) diphtheria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pregnant women should be isolated from individuals...

Question 35

The most common childhood malignancy is&#10;A) Wilms' tumor.&#10;B) leukemia.&#10;C) anemia.&#10;D) neuroblastoma.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common childhood malignancy is&#10;A) Wilms'...

Question 36

Klinefelter's syndrome and Turner's syndrome are examples of&#10;A) inherited chromosomal diseases.&#10;B) genetic, chromosomal diseases that are not inherited.&#10;C) chromosomal diseases that affect females only.&#10;D) inherited diseases of no significant consequence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Klinefelter's syndrome and Turner's syndrome are examples...

Question 37

A systemic disease with superficial cutaneous lesions that begin as red macules that progress to papules then to vesicles that form crusts is&#10;A) rubeola.&#10;B) rubella.&#10;C) chickenpox.&#10;D) diphtheria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A systemic disease with superficial cutaneous lesions...

Question 38

Which of the following statements is/are true about erythroblastosis fetalis?&#10;A) Antibodies in the mother's blood destroy the RBCs of the fetus.&#10;B) It is characterized in the fetus by anemia, jaundice, and enlargement of the liver and spleen.&#10;C) There is no destruction of fetal blood cells.&#10;D) Both a and b are true.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is/are true...

Question 39

Cardiac cyanotic defects include&#10;A) VSD and PDA.&#10;B) tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries.&#10;C) coarctation of the aorta&#10;D) ASD.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cardiac cyanotic defects include&#10;A) VSD and PDA.&#10;B)...

Question 40

The primary treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) includes&#10;A) oxygen therapy.&#10;B) a high-sodium chloride diet.&#10;C) a protein-restricted diet.&#10;D) surgical intervention.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) includes&#10;A)...

Question 41

The infant born with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) may experience alcohol withdrawal shortly after birth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The infant born with fetal alcohol syndrome...

Question 42

Bronchiolitis, inflammation of the bronchioles, the smallest air passages of the lungs, is usually caused by&#10;A) bacteria.&#10;B) viruses.&#10;C) fungi.&#10;D) protozoa.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bronchiolitis, inflammation of the bronchioles, the smallest...

Question 43

Tetanus is an acute, potentially deadly systemic infection characterized by painful involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tetanus is an acute, potentially deadly systemic...

Question 44

Closure of PDA may be achieved by medication or by surgical closure of the ductus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Closure of PDA may be achieved by...

Question 45

A congenital spinal defect in which no herniation of spinal cord or meninges exists is called a myelomeningocele.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A congenital spinal defect in which no...

Question 46

Rh factor incompatibility occurs when the mother, through prior pregnancy, has become sensitized to the Rh factor of the fetal RBCs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rh factor incompatibility occurs when the mother,...

Question 47

When a person is diagnosed with leukemia, there will be a/an&#10;A) increase in WBCs.&#10;B) decrease in WBCs.&#10;C) normal WBC count.&#10;D) decrease in platelets.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a person is diagnosed with leukemia,...

Question 48

The most common progressive form of MD is&#10;A) occulta.&#10;B) Duchenne.&#10;C) Down.&#10;D) myotonic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common progressive form of MD...

Question 49

Leukemia is characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of immature WBCs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Leukemia is characterized by an abnormal decrease...

Question 50

Because anemia is a symptom of various diseases, it is important to determine the cause of the anemia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because anemia is a symptom of various...

Question 51

In hydrocephalus, a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates in the skull, causing increased intracranial pressure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In hydrocephalus, a large amount of cerebrospinal...

Question 52

Mumps is a childhood disease that is best prevented by&#10;A) the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.&#10;B) Gardasil vaccine.&#10;C) broad-spectrum antibiotics.&#10;D) cough medicines.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mumps is a childhood disease that is...

Question 53

The lungs of the neonate lack the surfactant needed to allow the alveoli to expand.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The lungs of the neonate lack the...

Question 54

Chickenpox is spread by virus being transmitted by&#10;A) bacillus entering through damaged skin.&#10;B) a toxin formed in respiratory mucosa.&#10;C) direct or indirect droplet nuclei from the respiratory tract of the infected person.&#10;D) group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chickenpox is spread by virus being transmitted...

Question 55

Genetic disorders and syndromes are the result of an abnormal gene taking up residence on one of the 22 pairs of nonsex chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Genetic disorders and syndromes are the result...

Question 56

Reye's syndrome has been linked with the use of aspirin to treat chickenpox and influenza.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reye's syndrome has been linked with the...

Question 57

Symptoms and signs of rubeola include&#10;A) tenderness in the neck and below the ears.&#10;B) Koplik's spots on the buccal mucosa.&#10;C) a violent cough ending in a high-pitched inspiratory whoop.&#10;D) red macules that progress to papules and then vesicles that form crusts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Symptoms and signs of rubeola include&#10;A) tenderness...

Question 58

The procedure that allows amniotic fluid to be tested and cells to be microscopically examined for abnormal substances or chromosomal abnormalities is&#10;A) fetal monitoring.&#10;B) amniocentesis.&#10;C) acupuncture.&#10;D) ultrasound studies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The procedure that allows amniotic fluid to...

Question 59

PKU is an inborn error in metabolism of amino acids causing brain damage and mental retardation when not corrected.

Accepted Answer

The answer of PKU is an inborn error in metabolism...

Question 60

One way to prevent epidemics of contagious diseases is&#10;A) aspirin.&#10;B) immunizations.&#10;C) multivitamins.&#10;D) cold and cough medications.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One way to prevent epidemics of contagious...

Question 61

It is recommended that all adults receive the Tdap immunization every 10 years to reduce the incidence of whooping cough.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is recommended that all adults receive...

Question 62

Asthma is a leading cause of chronic illness and school absenteeism in children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Asthma is a leading cause of chronic...

Question 63

Helminth infestation may be detected through stool specimens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Helminth infestation may be detected through stool...

Question 64

Treatment of hydrocephalus consists of placing a ventriculoatrial shunt.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Treatment of hydrocephalus consists of placing a...

Deck 2: Developmental, Congenital, and Childhood Diseases and Disorders