Deck 29: Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Question 1

The production of female gametes begins when a mass of tissue, called the ____, starts growing on the inner wall of an ovary.

A) ​zygote
B) ​ovule
C) ​endosperm
D) ​carpel
E) ​stigma

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Figure 29.9
Use the accompanying figure to answer the following four questions.
Sperm cells are indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Inside the corolla is a whorl of ____, the organs that produce male gametophytes.

A) ​sepals
B) ​petals
C) ​carpels
D) ​ovaries
E) stamens​

Answer 3

E

Question 4

____-pollinated flowers are typically small, nonfragrant, and green, with large stigmas and insignificant petals or sepals.

A) ​Bee
B) ​Bird
C) ​Bat
D) ​Wind
E) ​Water

Question 5

Which flower trait is associated with butterfly pollination?​

A) ​bowl-shaped, closed during the day
B) ​strong, musty smells emitted at night
C) ​absence of nectar
D) ​dull flower colors, such as white or green
E) ​bright flower colors, such as red and purple

Question 6

The letter "D" in the above figure represents the ____.

A) ​style
B) ​ovary
C) ​stigma
D) ​anther
E) ​filament

Question 7

The ____ consists of a whorl of petals.

A) ​calyx
B) ​sepal
C) ​corolla
D) ​carpel
E) ​stamen

Question 8

A pollen tube together with its contents of male gametes constitutes the ____.

A) ​male reproductive organ
B) ​endosperm mother cell
C) ​mature male sporophyte
D) ​immature male gametophyte
E) ​mature male gametophyte

Question 9

____ of our food crops are the fruits of angiosperms.

A) ​About 10%
B) ​About 25%
C) ​About half
D) ​Nearly all
E) ​Hardly any

Question 10

A flower's parts are modified ____ that develop from a receptacle.

A) ​epidermal cells
B) ​asexual organs
C) ​regions of a stem
D) ​leaves
E) ​ovaries

Question 11

The calyx is composed of ____.

A) petals​
B) ​sepals
C) ​stigmas
D) ​ovules
E) ​anthers

Question 12

Figure 29.9
Use the accompanying figure to answer the following four questions.
Meiosis is indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Question 13

____ may be the main factor contributing to colony collapse disorder (CCD) with honeybees.

A) Herbicide use
B) ​Insecticides use
C) ​Habitat loss
D) ​Disease
E) ​Parasite infestation

Question 14

Figure 29.2A
Use the accompanying figure to answer the following two questions.
The letter "B" in the accompanying figure represents the ____​

A) style​
B) ovary
C) ​stigma
D) ​anther
E) ​filament

Question 15

Figure 29.9
Use the accompanying figure to answer the following four questions.
The mature male gametophyte is indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Question 16

A flower that lacks one or more of the four types of modified leaves is referred to as ____.

A) perfect​
B) ​imperfect
C) ​complete
D) ​incomplete
E) ​irregular

Question 17

The megaspore produces a gametophyte with ____ cells.

A) ​2
B) ​7
C) ​8
D) ​14
E) ​16

Question 18

What do gametes, spores, and the gametophyte generation have in common?​

A) They are all diploid.​
B) They are all haploid.​
C) ​They are present in vascular plants only.
D) ​They are all produced by meiosis.
E) ​They are all triploid.

Question 19

Which of the following structures gives rise to endosperm?​

A) ​zygote formed from the fusion of a sperm and an egg
B) ​triploid cell formed during double fertilization
C) ​inner wall of the ovary
D) ​cytoplasm of the megaspore
E) cytoplasm of the microspore​

Question 20

A stamen is ____.

A) ​composed of a stigma, a style, and an ovary
B) ​the mature male gametophyte
C) ​composed of an anther and filament
D) ​part of the vegetative phase of an angiosperm
E) ​the structure that gives rise to the female gametophyte

Question 21

The process of germination begins with ____.

A) ​one sperm cell fusing with an egg
B) ​one sperm cell fusing with the endosperm mother cell
C) ​pollen landing on a stigma
D) ​water soaking into soil
E) water seeping into a seed​

Question 22

With ____, individual cells can be coaxed to divide and form embryos in a laboratory.

A) ​in vitro fertilization
B) ​sexual reproduction
C) ​tissue culture propagation
D) ​vegetative reproduction
E) ​grafting

Question 23

Adhesion proteins and ____ help guide the growth of the pollen tube in the proper direction towards the egg.

A) ​differentiation upon contact with the flower
B) ​exposure to moisture
C) ​cell signaling pathways
D) ​electromagnetic impulses from the flower
E) ​insertion of the pollen tube

Question 24

What structure protects the embryonic shoot of many monocots?​

A) ​coleoptile
B) ​hypocotyl
C) ​cotyledon
D) ​endosperm
E) ​radicle

Question 25

"Double fertilization" produces nutrient tissue by the union of ____.

A) ​two egg nuclei and one sperm nucleus
B) ​two sperm nuclei and one egg nucleus
C) two sperm nuclei and two egg nuclei
D) ​one sperm nucleus and endosperm mother cell nuclei
E) ​two sperm nuclei and one endosperm mother cell nucleus

Question 26

Fleshy fruits with hard seed coats, such as cherries, are more likely to be dispersed by ____ than by other means.

A) wind
B) ​adhering to animal fur
C) ​passing through animal guts
D) ​falling to the ground, rotting, and releasing their seeds
E) ​water currents

Question 27

Almost all houseplants are clones that have been grown from ____ of a parent plant.

A) Seeds
B) ​cuttings
C) ​suckers
D) ​grafts
E) fruits​

Question 28

Figure 29.9
Use the accompanying figure to answer the following four questions.
Microspores are indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Question 29

Most of the flesh of an apple is an enlarged ____.

A) ​receptacle
B) ​carpel
C) ​drupe
D) ​pepo
E) ​hesperidium

Question 30

Figure 29.12 C
Use the accompanying figure of a Capsella seed to answer the following three questions.
The embryonic shoot tip is indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Question 31

Figure 29.12 C
Use the accompanying figure of a Capsella seed to answer the following three questions.
The embryonic root tip is indicated by the letter ____.

A) A​
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Question 32

The seed is produced by the maturation of the ____.

A) ​embryo
B) ​ovule
C) ​ovary
D) ​sperm
E) ​pollen

Question 33

What kind of fruit is formed from the fusion of individually pollinated flowers?​

A) aggregate
B) ​simple
C) ​multiple
D) ​fleshy
E) ​dry

Question 34

A pollen grain coat is composed of which of the following?

A) ​sporopollenin
B) ​cellulose
C) ​peptidoglycan
D) ​exopolysaccharides
E) ​integuments

Question 35

Figure 29.12 C
Use the accompanying figure of a Capsella seed to answer the following three questions.
A cotyledon is indicated by the letter ____.

A) A​
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Question 36

The endosperm of a plant ____.

A) ​is the food supply for the new sporophyte plant
B) ​is composed of haploid tissue
C) ​protects the young embryo within a seed
D) ​provides a connection between the ovary of a flower and a developing seed
E) ​produces sperm cells

Question 37

What type of fruit is a blackberry?

A) ​an aggregate of many drupes
B) ​an aggregate of many indehiscent fruits
C) ​an aggregate of many small berries
D) ​a multiple of small berries
E) ​a multiple of small pomes

Question 38

What causes the hypocotyl of dicots to straighten?​

A) light​
B) ​gravity
C) ​wind
D) ​wind
E) ​soil

Question 39

Adventitious shoots that sprout from shallow lateral roots are called ____.

A) ​grafts
B) ​pericyle extensions
C) ​stem fragments
D) ​cuttings
E) ​suckers

Question 40

What type of fruit is a tomato?​

A) dehiscent​
B) ​berry
C) ​drupe
D) ​indehiscent
E) ​pome

Question 41

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
sepal

Question 42

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
pollen grain

Question 43

​Classification. Respond to the following statements with reference to the fruit types listed below.
a.​dehiscent
b.​indehiscent
c.​drupe
d.​berry
e.​pome
The wall of this type of fruit splits along a seam to release the seeds inside when they are mature.

Question 44

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
endosperm

Question 45

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
microspore

Question 46

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
pollen tube

Question 47

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
megaspore

Question 48

​Classification. Respond to the following statements with reference to the fruit types listed below.
a.​dehiscent
b.​indehiscent
c.​drupe
d.​berry
e.​pome
This is a fleshy fruit in which tissues derived from the receptacle enclose a core derived from the ovary wall.

Question 49

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
carpel

Question 50

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
stigma

Question 51

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
petal

Question 52

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
stigma

Question 53

​Classification. Respond to the following statements with reference to the fruit types listed below.
a.​dehiscent
b.​indehiscent
c.​drupe
d.​berry
e.​pome
This is a fleshy fruit with one seed enclosed by a hard pit.

Question 54

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
ovule

Question 55

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
anther

Question 56

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
pollination

Question 57

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
stamen

Question 58

​Classification. Respond to the following statements with reference to the fruit types listed below.
a.​dehiscent
b.​indehiscent
c.​drupe
d.​berry
e.​pome
This fleshy fruit often has many seeds and no pit.

Question 59

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.​haploid cell that gives rise to pollen grain
b.​releases two sperm cells when it reaches and penetrates female gametophyte
c.​develops into a fruit at maturity
d.​created from a triploid cell that is produced when one sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell
e.​reproductive organs that produce the plant's male gametophytes
f.​modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g.​immature male gametophyte
h.​female reproductive organ
i.​landing platform for pollen
j.​contains pollen sacs
k.​forms in an ovule and gives rise to a female gametophyte
l.​outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes pigmented
m.​region of carpel that receives pollen grains
n.​arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
o.​forms a seed at maturity
ovary

Question 60

​Classification. Respond to the following statements with reference to the fruit types listed below.
a.​dehiscent
b.​indehiscent
c.​drupe
d.​berry
e.​pome
A strawberry is an aggregate of many of these types of fruits.

Question 61

​Classification. Respond to the following statements with reference to the flower parts listed below.
a.​megaspore
b.​microspore
c.​ovule
d.​ovary
e.​seed
Ovules form inside this structure.

Question 62

ovary

Question 63

petal

Question 64

stamen

Question 65

​Classification. Respond to the following statements with reference to the flower parts listed below.
a.​megaspore
b.​microspore
c.​ovule
d.​ovary
e.​seed
Embryo sporophyte packaged with nutritive tissue inside a protective coat.

Question 66

style

Question 67

sepal

Question 68

ovule

Question 69

stigma

Question 70

__________ are the specialized reproductive structures of angiosperms.

Question 71

filament

Question 72

receptacle

Question 73

​Classification. Respond to the following statements with reference to the flower parts listed below.
a.​megaspore
b.​microspore
c.​ovule
d.​ovary
e.​seed
Structure in which a female gametophyte forms.

Question 74

A cherry blossom has all four sets of modified leaves (sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels), so it is called a __________ flower.

Question 75

anther

Question 76

Many flowers exude a sweet fluid called __________ that is prized by many pollinators.

Question 77

carpel

Question 78

​Classification. Respond to the following statements with reference to the flower parts listed below.
a.​megaspore
b.​microspore
c.​ovule
d.​ovary
e.​seed
Mitosis and differentiation of this structure produces pollen grains.

Question 79

Flowering plants rose to dominance in part because they __________ with animal pollinators.

Question 80

​Classification. Respond to the following statements with reference to the flower parts listed below.
a.​megaspore
b.​microspore
c.​ovule
d.​ovary
e.​seed
Haploid cell that gives rise to the female gametophyte.