Deck 1: Invitation to Biology

Question 1

What is the correct ordering in the hierarchal levels of the organization of life, from the least inclusive to the most inclusive?​

A) tissues, cells, population, organisms, and organs
B) molecules, cells, organs, tissues, and organisms
C) ecosystems, populations, tissues, cells, and organs
D) cells, tissues, organs, communities, and populations
E) cells, tissues, organs, organisms, and ecosystems

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Figure 1.3

On the accompanying illustration, "A" and "B" should be labeled, respectively, ____ and _____.

A) ​consumers; producers
B) ​decomposers; producers
C) ​producers; redistributors
D) ​producers; consumers
E) ​consumers; decomposers

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The most inclusive level of organization listed here is a(n)

A) ​heart.
B) carbon atom.
C) DNA.
D) zebra.
E) red blood cell.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Figure 1.2
​

In the accompanying figure illustrating the levels of life's organization, what is represented in frame 2?​

A) ​atom
B) ​tissue
C) ​molecule
D) ​organ
E) ​cell

Question 5

The smallest unit of life that can exist as a separate entity is a(n)​

A) ​cell.
B) ​molecule.
C) ​organ.
D) ​population.
E) ​ecosystem.

Question 6

Four of the following characteristics are required for the life of an individual organism to continue. Which is the exception?​

A) ​to maintain chemical uniqueness and organization
B) ​to respond to stimuli
C) ​to possess a genetic program to control cell processes
D) ​to reproduce
E) ​to evolve

Question 7

In the accompanying figure illustrating the levels of life's organization, what is represented in frame 3?​

A) ​atom
B) ​tissue
C) ​molecule
D) ​organ
E) ​cell

Question 8

At what level of organization does life begin?​

A) ​digestive system
B) cell
C) ​molecule (water)
D) ​molecule (DNA)
E) ​population

Question 9

A community​

A) ​includes all populations of all species in a given area.
B) ​features the living organisms interacting with the physical and chemical environment.
C) ​is the sum of all places in Earth's atmosphere, crust, and waters where organisms live.
D) ​includes members of only one species.
E) ​is at a higher level of organization than an ecosystem.

Question 10

Which characteristic is NOT found in nonliving entities?​

A) ​energetic interactions
B) ​DNA
C) ​atoms
D) ​heat energy
E) ​complexity

Question 11

The conversion of solar energy to chemical energy is known as​

A) ​metabolism.
B) ​photosynthesis.
C) ​chemosynthesis.
D) ​catabolism.
E) ​anabolism.

Question 12

Living organisms are members of all of the levels listed below. However, rocks are components of​

A) ​the community.
B) ​the population.
C) ​the ecosystem only.
D) ​the biosphere only.
E) ​both the ecosystem and the biosphere.

Question 13

The flow of nutrients through living organisms is best characterized as

A) ​circular.
B) ​a ladder.
C) ​a lattice.
D) ​one way.
E) ​a funnel.

Question 14

Organisms sense and respond to changes both inside and outside the body by way of​

A) ​metabolism.
B) ​photosynthesis.
C) ​receptors.
D) ​catabolism.
E) ​anabolism.

Question 15

Four of the following are key characteristics for the survival of a species. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​ability to acquire energy and nutrients
B) ​response to environmental change
C) ​reproduction
D) ​inability to change
E) ​ability to grow and adapt through changes in DNA

Question 16

A(n) ____ property is a characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of its component parts.

A) ​efferent
B) ​emergent
C) ​elective
D) ​energetic
E) ​living

Question 17

DNA codes for the production of​

A) ​proteins.
B) ​minerals.
C) ​inorganic molecules.
D) ​vital gasses.
E) ​water.

Question 18

Approximately how many rainforest species become extinct every minute?​

A) ​one
B) ​two
C) ​five
D) ​ten
E) ​twenty

Question 19

Which group of organisms does not depend directly on sunlight for energy?
I)terrestrial producers
II)animal consumers
III)decomposers

A) I only
B) II and III only
C) II only
D) ​III only
E) ​I and III

Question 20

Which feature is not characteristic of all living organisms?

A) All have requirements for energy.
B) All must participate in one or more nutrient cycles.
C) All have ultimate dependence upon the sun.
D) All interact with other forms of life.
E) All must reproduce inside of organisms of other species.

Question 21

What characteristic is common to all living things?​

A) ​All living things eat.
B) ​All living things are producers.
C) ​All living things sense and respond to change.
D) ​All living things have a nucleus.
E) ​All living things are consumers.

Question 22

Which phrase would most likely be used in a discussion of homeostasis?​

A) ​respond to environmental stimuli
B) ​limited range of variation
C) ​rapid energy turnover
D) ​cycle of elements
E) ​structural and functional units of life

Question 23

About twelve to twenty-four hours after the previous meal, a person's blood-sugar level normally varies from 60 to 90 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood, though it may rise to 130 mg/100 ml after meals high in carbohydrates. That the blood-sugar level is maintained within a fairly narrow range despite uneven intake of sugar is due to the body's ability to carry out​

A) ​adaptation.
B) ​inheritance.
C) ​metabolism.
D) ​homeostasis.
E) ​evolution.

Question 24

Which term refers to the first explanation of a problem (sometimes referred to an "educated guess")?​

A) ​principle
B) ​law
C) ​theory
D) ​fact
E) ​hypothesis

Question 25

Which term refers to judging information before accepting it as fact?​

A) ​critical thinking
B) law
C) ​theory
D) ​fact
E) ​hypothesis

Question 26

Energy sources are needed for which of the following processes?
I)reproduction
II)growth
III)development

A) ​I and II only
B) ​I and III only
C) ​II only
D) ​II and III only
E) ​I, II, and III

Question 27

Members of what group are multicellular producers?​

A) ​animals
B) ​protists
C) ​fungi
D) ​plants
E) ​bacteria

Question 28

Which organisms are NOT eukaryotes?​

A) ​fungi
B) ​bacteria
C) ​plants
D) ​animals
E) ​protists

Question 29

What is a hypothesis?​

A) ​a report of the findings of scientific experiments
B) ​a specific conclusion of an experiment in an "if . . . then" format
C) ​a way of using isolated facts to reach a general idea that may explain a phenomenon
D) ​the summary of the outcomes of scientific findings
E) ​a testable explanation of a natural phenomenon

Question 30

Which cell lacks a nucleus?​

A) ​bacterial cell
B) ​fungus cell
C) ​animal cell
D) ​protist cell
E) ​plant cell

Question 31

Which is the least inclusive of the taxonomic categories listed below?​

A) ​family
B) ​phylum
C) ​class
D) ​order
E) ​genus

Question 32

Which of the following is a domain of life?​

A) ​eukaryotes
B) ​plants
C) ​animals
D) ​protists
E) ​fungi

Question 33

Homeostasis provides what kind of internal environment?

A) positive
B) tolerable
C) limiting
D) changing
E) chemical and physical

Question 34

A scientific name consists of which of the following?
I)family name
II)genus name
III)species name

A) ​I only
B) ​II only
C) ​III only
D) ​I and II
E) ​II and III

Question 35

Members of which prokaryotic domain are most closely related to eukaryotes evolutionarily?

A) ​animals
B) ​protists
C) ​fungi
D) ​bacteria
E) ​archaea

Question 36

Which group includes all of the other groups?​

A) ​domain
B) ​order
C) ​family
D) ​genus
E) ​species

Question 37

Which renowned biologist defined species as a group of individuals that potentially can interbreed, produce fertile offspring, and do not interbreed with other groups?​

A) ​Charles Darwin
B) ​E. O. Wilson
C) ​Carl Linnaeus
D) ​Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
E) ​Ernst Mayr

Question 38

The plural for genus is​

A) ​genus.
B) ​geni.
C) ​genera.
D) ​gena.
E) ​genae.

Question 39

Each cell is able to maintain an internal environment within a range that favors survival. This condition is called​

A) ​metabolism.
B) ​homeostasis.
C) ​physiology.
D) ​adaptation.
E) ​evolution.

Question 40

Which group is made up of almost exclusively decomposers?​

A) ​plants
B) ​fungi
C) ​animals
D) ​bacteria
E) ​protists

Question 41

Which concept represents the highest degree of certainty?​

A) ​hypothesis
B) ​deduction
C) ​assumption
D) ​theory
E) ​prediction

Question 42

Which group in the peacock butterfly experiment had the highest survival rates?​

A) ​Those with more nocturnal habits
B) ​Those without spots and without hissing/clicking sounds
C) ​Those without spots but with hissing/clicking sounds
D) ​Those with spots and hissing/clicking sounds
E) ​Those with the same flower habitat as the birds

Question 43

In an experiment, the control group is:​

A) ​not subjected to experimental error.
B) ​exposed to experimental treatments.
C) ​maintained under strict laboratory conditions.
D) ​treated exactly the same as the experimental group, except for one variable.
E) ​statistically the most important part of the experiment.

Question 44

Which concept represents the lowest degree of certainty?​

A) ​hypothesis
B) ​conclusion
C) ​fact
D) ​principle
E) ​theory

Question 45

Which characteristic is least applicable to the development of science?​

A) ​evaluation of data
B) ​personal conviction
C) ​prediction
D) ​systematic observation
E) ​sharing of ideas

Question 46

Scientists are always thinking about ways to improve experimental design. In the text's potato chip experiment, which of these changes would produce the most effective design?​

A) ​Show a different movie.
B) ​Exclude teenagers as group members.
C) ​Collect uneaten chip remains and weigh them for both groups.
D) ​Provide free drinks before the experiment.
E) ​Use a smaller theater.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT true about the peacock butterfly?​

A) ​The dark underside of their wings provides camouflage.
B) ​The spots on the wings may resemble owl eyes, which help deter predation.
C) ​The butterflies remain still when a predator is near so as not to draw attention.
D) The rapid movement of their wings produces a hissing sound.​
E) ​A resting butterfly's closed wing resembles a dead leaf.

Question 48

Science is based on​

A) ​faith.
B) ​authority.
C) ​evidence.
D) ​force.
E) opinion.

Question 49

What is an acceptable probability of sampling error that may have skewed the results in most scientific studies?​

A) ​80%
B) ​50%
C) ​25%
D) ​10%
E) ​5%

Question 50

What was the dependent variable in the peacock butterfly experiments?​

A) ​changing predators
B) ​changing habitats
C) ​painting the wings
D) ​clipping the hindwings
E) ​getting eaten

Question 51

In the experiment with peacock butterflies, the working hypothesis is that​

A) ​silence confuses both predator and prey.
B) ​making sounds can provide a selective advantage to the prey.
C) ​birds are capable of learning.
D) ​birds are agents of evolution.
E) ​unpalatable species display distinctive wings.

Question 52

Copernicus, Galileo, and Darwin found that ____ caused their science to be controversial.

A) ​prevailing belief
B) ​objective data
C) ​astronomical theories
D) ​supernatural influences
E) ​experimental design

Question 53

Randomly selecting samples of experimental units from an environment can result in​

A) ​sampling error.
B) ​blind testing.
C) ​evidence.
D) ​experimental design.
E) ​consensus.

Question 54

What is one of the major variables in the peacock butterfly experiment?​

A) ​pattern/color of the wings
B) ​range of migration
C) ​species of bird predator
D) ​experimental location
E) ​percentage of survivors

Question 55

Scientific work involves​

A) ​thenatural and supernatural world.
B) ​retesting theories frequently for verification.
C) ​proving theories with absolute certainty.
D) ​testing hypotheses under every possible circumstance.
E) coming up with the best descriptions of reality.

Question 56

The choice of whether a particular organism belongs to the experimental group or the control group should be based on​

A) ​age.
B) ​size.
C) ​chance.
D) ​history.
E) ​gender.

Question 57

Which characteristic will NOT strengthen the validity of a theory?​

A) ​repetitions of experiments
B) ​increased observations
C) ​time after the experiment
D) ​faith in the experiment
E) ​confirmation by many scientists

Question 58

The control in an experiment​

A) ​makes the experiment valid.
B) ​is an additional replicate for statistical purposes.
C) ​reduces the experimental errors.
D) ​minimizes experimental inaccuracy.
E) ​allows for comparisons to the experimental group.

Question 59

Olestra chips did not cause cramps at a higher rate than normal chips. This is known as the ____ of this experiment.

A) ​hypothesis
B) ​prediction
C) ​control
D) ​conclusion
E) ​data

Question 60

Which experiment would be the least effective follow-up to the peacock butterfly studies?​

A) ​Repeat in a forest area totally devoid of native butterflies.
B) ​Repeat in a wildlife sanctuary aviary after giving birds a chance to learn about peacock butterflies.
C) ​Repeat using young, inexperienced birds.
D) ​Repeat, and count survivors for three weeks.
E) ​Repeat using more butterflies and more blue tits in a larger area.

Question 61

Classification. Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.​
a.​bacteria
b.​protists
c.​plants
d.​fungi
e.​animals
unicellular eukaryotic producers

Question 62

Classification. Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.​
a.​bacteria
b.​protists
c.​plants
d.​fungi
e.​animals
unicellular organisms of considerable internal complexity

Question 63

​Classification. Match the following descriptions to the most appropriate function, process, or trait listed below.a.​inheritance
b.​reproduction
c.​photosynthesis
d.​growth
e.​homeostasis
process by which individuals produce offspring

Question 64

Classification. Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.​
a.​bacteria
b.​protists
c.​plants
d.​fungi
e.​animals
multicelled mobile consumers

Question 65

Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.​
a.​Observation
b.​Question
c.​Hypothesis
d.​Prediction
e.​Law of nature
f.​Scientific theory
g.​Assessment
h.​Report
People get cancer.

Question 66

If smoking causes cancer, then individuals who smoke will get cancer more often than those who do not.

Question 67

Classification. Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.​
a.​bacteria
b.​protists
c.​plants
d.​fungi
e.​animals
based on fossils, oldest, still living organisms

Question 68

Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.​
a.​Observation
b.​Question
c.​Hypothesis
d.​Prediction
e.​Law of nature
f.​Scientific theory
g.​Assessment
h.​Report
Smoking cigarettes causes cancer.

Question 69

​Classification. Match the following descriptions to the most appropriate function, process, or trait listed below.a.​inheritance
b.​reproduction
c.​photosynthesis
d.​growth
e.​homeostasis
the transmission of DNA from parent to offspring

Question 70

Classification. Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.​
a.​bacteria
b.​protists
c.​plants
d.​fungi
e.​animals
prokaryotic

Question 71

Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.​
a.​Observation
b.​Question
c.​Hypothesis
d.​Prediction
e.​Law of nature
f.​Scientific theory
g.​Assessment
h.​Report
Compile test results and draw conclusions from them.

Question 72

Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.​
a.​Observation
b.​Question
c.​Hypothesis
d.​Prediction
e.​Law of nature
f.​Scientific theory
g.​Assessment
h.​Report
Why do people get cancer?

Question 73

Classification. Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.​
a.​bacteria
b.​protists
c.​plants
d.​fungi
e.​animals
multicellular producers

Question 74

Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.​
a.​Observation
b.​Question
c.​Hypothesis
d.​Prediction
e.​Law of nature
f.​Scientific theory
g.​Assessment
h.​Report
Hypothesis that has not been disproven after many years of rigorous testing.

Question 75

​Classification. Match the following descriptions to the most appropriate function, process, or trait listed below.a.​inheritance
b.​reproduction
c.​photosynthesis
d.​growth
e.​homeostasis
a process found only in plants, some bacteria, and some protists

Question 76

Classification. Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.​
a.​bacteria
b.​protists
c.​plants
d.​fungi
e.​animals
most common multicellular decomposers

Question 77

Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.​
a.​Observation
b.​Question
c.​Hypothesis
d.​Prediction
e.​Law of nature
f.​Scientific theory
g.​Assessment
h.​Report
Submit the results and the conclusions to the scientific community.

Question 78

This is a generalization that describes a consistent natural phenomenon for which there is incomplete scientific explanation.

Question 79

​Classification. Match the following descriptions to the most appropriate function, process, or trait listed below.a.​inheritance
b.​reproduction
c.​photosynthesis
d.​growth
e.​homeostasis
a characteristic most organisms exhibit that tends to keep their internal environment within a range that favors survival