Deck 16: First Aid, emergency Care, and Disaster Management

Question 1

The condition that may complicate the assessment of an older adult patient with a suspected head injury is:

A) Sensory deficits
B) Slowed metabolism
C) Preexisting cerebral dysfunction
D) Decreased pulmonary function

Answer 1

Sensory deficits

Question 2

The nurse is called on to assist a neighbor who needs first aid.The nurse knows that legal responsibility for this action would be that the nurse:

A) Is legally bound to help in any way possible.
B) Is expected to demonstrate the same skill, knowledge, and care that would be provided by other nurses in the same community with the same credentials.
C) Has no legal responsibilities outside the hospital setting and would be held accountable for nothing.
D) Can legally perform any aid skill, even those not allowed the nurse in the hospital.

Answer 2

Is expected to demonstrate the same skill, knowledge, and care that would be provided by other nurses in the same community with the same credentials.

Question 3

While at the local pool on an extremely hot day,the nurse is called on to care for a woman who has evidently suffered heat exhaustion.The initial nursing care for this person is to:

A) Obtain vital signs.
B) Move the patient into an air-conditioned or shaded area.
C) Give her several glasses of ice water.
D) Cover her with a wet towel.

Answer 3

Move the patient into an air-conditioned or shaded area.

Question 4

The patient comes to the emergency department with an evisceration after a knife attack.The best nursing intervention related to the exposed bowel is to:

A) Gently replace the bowel into the abdominal cavity.
B) Place a sterile wrapped sandbag on the abdomen to prevent further evisceration.
C) Place the patient in a high Fowler position to allow the bowel to drop back into the abdominal cavity.
D) Cover the bowel with a moist saline dressing.

Question 5

When the accident victim comes to the emergency department with an open chest wound,the nurse should apply to the wound:

A) Occlusive dressing taped on four sides
B) Tight Ace bandage wrap
C) No dressing of any sort
D) Vented dressing, taped on three sides

Question 6

While ambulating,a patient gasps and drops to the floor unconscious with no pulse or respiration.The nurse is aware that without resuscitation the brain cells will begin to die in:

A) 1 minute
B) 2 minutes
C) 3 minutes
D) 4 minutes

Question 7

A homeless person is brought to the emergency department after having been found asleep on a park bench under a layer of snow.He has a rectal temperature of 95° F.The nurse anticipates which of the following additional symptoms?

A) Diminished breath sounds, inadequate chest expansion
B) Shivering, decreased heart rate, and increased blood pressure (BP)
C) Confusion, increased hunger, hypertension
D) Decreased irregular heart and respiratory rates, decreased BP

Question 8

As an immediate treatment for epistaxis,the nurse should give the following instructions:

A) "Stand still, lean your head back so that the blood won't get all over everything, and pinch your nose shut for at least 10 minutes."
B) "Stand still, lean your head forward, and pinch your nose tightly for at least 10 minutes."
C) "Sit down on a solid surface, lean your head forward to let the blood run out, and then pinch your nose closed for at least 30 minutes."
D) "Sit down on a solid surface, lean your head forward so that you don't choke on the blood, and pinch your nose shut for at least 10 minutes."

Question 9

The nurse reviews the changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)techniques as recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA),which include:

A) Compress the chest 100 times a minute.
B) Depress the chest at least1 inch.
C) Before compressions, administer three strong breaths.
D) Elevate the patient's hips.

Question 10

The patient visits the industrial nurse after an accident on the factory floor,which has amputated three toes.Effective nursing intervention for the amputated toes would be:

A) Rinsing with normal saline and placing on a sterile towel.
B) Placing toes as they are on ice in a sterile container.
C) Placing the unwrapped toes in a saline bath.
D) Placing the saline-wrapped toes in a plastic bag in a saline bath.

Question 11

The nurse giving discharge instructions to the patient who is severely allergic to insect stings would caution the patient to:

A) Wear bright colors to repel insects.
B) Apply perfume liberally as a protection.
C) Dress in sleeveless, easily removable garments.
D) Obtain an emergency treatment kit.

Question 12

The nurse follows the protocol of AMPLE when speaking to a victim of a fall in the parking lot of the hospital.The nurse knows that the P stands for:

A) Pills taken today
B) Personal physician
C) Past illnesses
D) Preference for emergency transportation

Question 13

A mother brings in her 2-year-old who has ingested gasoline 1 hour earlier.After initial assessment,the nurse will:

A) Prepare to administer syrup of ipecac.
B) Turn the patient on his or her stomach to induce vomiting.
C) Prepare to administer Milk of Magnesia.
D) Prepare to administer bowel lavage and cathartics.

Question 14

The nurse comes upon a traffic accident.One passenger is lying on the ground by an open door.The nurse stops and begins immediate nursing interventions by proceeding with assessing for:

A) Uncontrolled bleeding
B) Airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC)
C) Abdominal deep wounds
D) Level of consciousness (LOC) and orientation

Question 15

A nurse comes upon a traffic accident where injured,unconscious people are lying on the highway.The nurse is aware that first-aid interventions are sanctioned by the:

A) Good Samaritan Act
B) Emergency Care Doctrine
C) Fifth Amendment
D) Liability Protection Against Malpractice Act

Question 16

Standing in a fast-food line,the person in front,while munching on a cookie,begins to cough heavily,takes deep inspirations,and waves his arms around wildly.The nurse should immediately:

A) Start rescue breathing as quickly as possible.
B) Start chest compressions as quickly as possible.
C) Perform the Heimlich maneuver.
D) Do nothing at this point as long air is exchanged.

Question 17

The patient is admitted to the emergency department after having been bitten on the hand by a black widow spider.The nursing intervention that is indicated is to:

A) Monitor for respiratory distress.
B) Wrap the hand in a warm compress.
C) Seat the patient upright in a chair.
D) Elevate the patient's hand above his or her heart.

Question 18

Six hours after a beach picnic on a hot afternoon,a young man enters the emergency department with nausea and vomiting,headache,and diarrhea.On interview,the patient says that he ate potato salad and tuna fish sandwiches.The nurse anticipates that the causative organism for these symptoms is:

A) Clostridium botulinum
B) Clostridium perfringens
C) Salmonella
D) Staphylococcus aureus

Question 19

The nurse who is assisting victims of an automobile collision has already placed a towel secured with a belt on a bleeding leg wound.When the towel becomes saturated the nurse should:

A) Do nothing.
B) Remove the towel and use the belt as a tourniquet.
C) Remove the towel and place the victim's jacket over wound and secure.
D) Reinforce the towel with the victim's jacket.

Question 20

One-person CPR principles,as taught and practiced by professional nurses,require that the initial intervention for an unconscious patient who is not breathing is to:

A) Lift the jaw to clear the airway.
B) Call for assistance.
C) Start chest compressions.
D) Remove patient clothing to visualize the chest.

Question 21

The nurse has assessed the patient with a left-sided head injury and records this information: decreasing LOC; slow pupillary response on the right side; BP: 167/80 mm Hg; previous BP: 160/72 mm Hg; and gradually increasing respiratory and pulse rates.The nurse is aware that these assessments are indicators of ______________________________.

Question 22

When the nurse notes paradoxical respiration in a patient in the emergency department who fell off some scaffolding,the nurse applies ____________________ to the ribs.

Question 23

The nurse in the emergency department knows that tissue damage has probably occurred in the person with hypothermia when a rectal temperature of ____________________ is assessed.

Question 24

A hospital visitor cuts herself on the arm and is bleeding profusely.The nurse's immediate treatment for this condition is to:

A) Call any physician, and immediately send the visitor to the emergency department.
B) Apply direct pressure to the arm with sterile dressing.
C) Take the visitor's BP and pulse.
D) Immobilize the injured arm, and send the visitor immediately to the emergency department.

Question 25

The nurse intervenes for a patient with a perforation of the right eye by which of the following? (Place the interventions in the appropriate sequence.)

A) Cover the right eye with an eye shield.
B) Place the patient in a Fowler position.
C) Clean around the right eye.
D) Cover the left eye with a light occlusive dressing.
E) Darken the room.

Question 26

Assessment of a burn victim leads the nurse to suspect an inhalation injury.The observation that would indicate such an injury would be ____________________.

Question 27

A patient is brought to the emergency department having had a rock chip imbed in the right eye.The nurse's initial action should be to:

A) Turn the patient to the left side and prepare to remove the chip.
B) Flush the right eye with normal saline.
C) Keep the patient flat.
D) Cover both eyes.

Question 28

A young man is staggering out of a partially closed doorway to a garage,where a car is running inside.He speaks slowly in a very low voice,telling the nurse that he fell asleep in the car with the engine running.The immediate nursing diagnosis and action for this nurse is:

A) The immediate nursing diagnosis is impaired gas exchange. Ask the person to lay flat right where he is; begin rescue breathing. If the nurse sees anyone else, he or she should ask the individual to call someone who knows CPR.
B) The immediate nursing diagnosis is impaired gas exchange resulting from the inhalation of carbon monoxide. Lead the patient away from the garage, and call for help. Stay with the patient and continually assess LOC and respirations.
C) The immediate nursing diagnosis is impaired circulatory perfusion resulting from sulfur dioxide poisoning. Have the patient lie flat. Keep the patient still, and call for help.
D) The immediate nursing diagnosis is impaired gas exchange. Have the patient breathe deeply and continually into a brown paper bag. Assess pulse, respirations, and color of conjunctiva. Check the patient's pockets for a cell phone to call 9-1-1.

Question 29

When the child is brought to the emergency department with several deep dog bites on his legs,the nurse will,after cleaning the wounds,be primarily concerned with ascertaining the:

A) Whereabouts of the dog.
B) Status of tetanus inoculation.
C) Rabies status of the animal.
D) Child's allergy to the rabies vaccine.

Question 30

On the initial assessment of a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning,the emergency department nurse would anticipate that:

A) BP will be low.
B) Oxygen saturation will be low.
C) Mucous membranes will be blue.
D) Respirations will be less than 10 per minute.