Deck 8: Perioperative Pediatrics

Question 1

In a Jantene procedure,which two vessels are anatomically switched?

A)Aorta and pulmonary artery
B)Superior vena cava and left pulmonary vein
C)Aortic arch and pulmonary artery
D)Right pulmonary vein and inferior vena cava

Answer 1

A
In the Jantene procedure,the aorta and pulmonary artery are transposed.This procedure is useful in infants with a ventricular septal defect or a large patent ductus arteriosus.

Question 2

What procedure may have to be performed as a result of a child ingesting caustic agents that may burn the mouth,lips,pharynx,and esophagus?

A)Adenoidectomy
B)Tonsillectomy
C)Esophageal dilation
D)Herniorrhaphy

Answer 2

C
Long-term gradual esophageal dilation with balloon catheters or bougies may be necessary to restore adequate oral intake after this traumatic injury.

Question 3

What type of shunt is placed when attempting to drain fluid from the ventricles to the right atrium of the heart?

A)Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
B)Ventriculoamniotic shunt
C)Ventriculoatrial shunt
D)Ventriculocoronary shunt

Answer 3

C
Surgical treatment of hydrocephalus involves implanting a shunt that carries fluid from the lateral ventricle to the right atrium of the heart.

Question 4

During a pediatric bowel case,a surgeon may opt to use a ________ instead of a Richardson retractor to retract blood vessels or small structures.

A)vessel loop
B)Balfour retractor
C)Bookwalter retractor
D)Gelpi retractor

Question 5

Choose the palliative procedure performed on an infant with transposition of the great vessels.

A)Mustard procedure
B)Jantene procedure
C)Rashkind procedure
D)Senning procedure

Question 6

Neonates born before completion of 37 weeks' gestation are referred to as

A)preterm.
B)postterm.
C)infant.
D)fetus.

Question 7

Talipes ________ means the forefoot is inverted and talipes ________ means the forefoot is everted.

A)venous; valgus
B)varus; valgus
C)equines; various
D)venous; variegated

Question 8

Anorectal malformation occurs during what weeks of fetal development?

A)13th to 16th weeks
B)4th to 12th weeks
C)3rd to 6th weeks
D)17th to 20th weeks

Question 9

Which type of tube is placed during a gastrostomy procedure?

A)EGD
B)PEG
C)RBC
D)PPD

Question 10

In the school-aged child,the most common cause for an abdominal surgical procedure is

A)obstructive stomach lesion.
B)bezoars.
C)appendicitis.
D)intussusception.

Question 11

Which is a congenital anomaly characterized by a fusion of two or more fingers or toes?

A)Dyndactyly
B)Syndactyly
C)Polydactyly
D)Manydactyly

Question 12

Into what stage would Erikson place a 24-month-old child to determine his or her psychological development?

A)Trust vs.mistrust
B)Autonomy vs.shame/doubt
C)Initiative vs.guilt
D)Intimacy vs.isolation

Question 13

Which type of injury is the leading cause of death in children?

A)Head
B)Intestinal
C)Lethal
D)Accidental

Question 14

What are the two ways in which an atrial septal defect can be closed?

A)Suture, patch graft
B)Wires, antibiotics
C)Valve, ligating clips
D)Electrosurgery, antibiotics

Question 15

A newborn's heart rate ranges from

A)120 to 140 beats per minute (bpm).
B)80 to 120 bpm.
C)110 to 130 bpm.
D)100 to 170 bpm.

Question 16

Which condition was mandated by the government and screened in schools at an early age?

A)Osteoporosis
B)Talipes equinovarus
C)Dysplasia
D)Scoliosis

Question 17

When greater than ____ of estimated blood volume is lost,hypotension is apparent in the pediatric patient.

A)40%
B)50%
C)60%
D)75%

Question 18

Which is one of the seven physical anomalies referred to in the VACTERL association or syndrome?

A)Lateral gastric fistula
B)Aortic deficiency
C)Cardiac anomaly
D)Retinal detachment

Question 19

What valve allows normal blood flow between the right atrium and ventricle?

A)Tricuspid
B)Mitral
C)Pulmonary
D)Bicuspid

Question 20

When is pulmonary ventilation established?

A)1 to 3 weeks after birth
B)At birth
C)2 to 3 months after birth
D)At conception

Question 21

Which is one of the most common causes of cardiac death within the first week of life?

A)Pulmonary fibrosis
B)Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
C)Aortic valve insufficiency
D)Ventricular septal defect

Question 22

Which is a common pediatric procedure performed that result from the diagnosis of otitis media?

A)Goniotomy
B)Tenotomy
C)Luque fixation
D)Myringotomy

Question 23

The resting metabolic rate of an infant is about the same as an adult.

Question 24

What is the average blood volume of the average newborn?

A)10 to 12 ml
B)40 ml
C)100 ml
D)250 ml

Question 25

What body part is affected with the condition of cryptorchidism?

A)Lack of breast tissue
B)Testicles that are undescended
C)Nasal tissue
D)Toenail fungal infection

Question 26

The FLACC behavioral pain assessment scale and the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale can be used for children.

Question 27

Which principle of surgical instrumentation in pediatric procedures is correct?

A)The size and weight of the instruments used are the same as the ones used for adult procedures.
B)Surgical instruments used during pediatric procedures must be made of plastic materials to decrease their weight.
C)Instruments not in use should never be placed on the patient during a procedure.
D)Mosquito hemostats are rarely used to clamp vessels.

Question 28

Which is one of the "rule of tens" in regard to cleft lip repair?

A)Over 10 years in age
B)10% of body fat
C)Less than 10 cm of lip tissue
D)10 pounds in body weight

Question 29

Excess drapes with extra weight should be used on the pediatric patient in the OR.

Question 30

Neonates,infants,and children have a wider average body temperature than adults.

Question 31

Pediatric patients have a higher occurrence and frequency of malignant tumors than adults.

Question 32

During a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy,it is always important to control bleeding and prevent any aspiration of blood.

Question 33

What is one specific feature of patients with "pectus excavatum"?

A)Barrel-shaped chest
B)Extreme convex-shaped chest tissue
C)Concave depression over lower end of sternum
D)Under developed pectus muscle

Question 34

If a 6-year-old child has a congenital dislocated hip,the preferred treatment is a closed reduction.

Question 35

What condition occurs when a portion of the bowel slides into another segment and causes obstruction?

A)Intussusception
B)Intubation
C)Internation
D)Infraterning

Question 36

What criteria is fetal viability based on?

A)Gestational age greater than 18 weeks
B)Birthweight greater than 250 g
C)Ability to sustain life outside the uterus
D)Able to exchange oxygen using a ventilator

Question 37

Which is one of the four defects that make up the tetralogy of Fallot?

A)Left ventricular hypertrophy
B)Displacement of aorta to the left
C)Pulmonary valve dilation
D)Ventricular septal defect