Deck 10: Arterial Blood Gases

Question 1

What are the normal values of the partial pressure of oxygen?

A) 80 to 100 mm Hg
B) 60 to 80 mm Hg
C) 20 to 40 mm Hg
D) 100 to 120 mm Hg

Answer 1

A
The normal values of the partial pressure of oxygen are 80 to 100 mm Hg .

Question 2

In regards to respiratory failure,which is true?

A) Positional changes can affect the oxygenation status.
B) During the chronic phase, the kidneys have not started to compensate, and the base HCO₃⁻ is within normal limits.
C) Acute respiratory failure can be noted by an increased PCO₂, a pH within normal limits, and a low PO₂.
D) When hyperoxygenation is noted, treatment consists of oxygen therapy, CPAP or biphasic positive airway pressure, and alleviation of the cause of hyperoxygenation.

Answer 2

A
Positional changes can affect the oxygenation status.

Question 3

What occurs with gas exchange across the alveolar capillary membrane?

A) Alveolar units ventilate and capillary units bring deoxygenated blood to the tissues, excreting O₂ back into the alveoli to be removed through the lungs.
B) Alveolar units ventilate and capillary units bring oxygenated blood to the tissues, excreting CO₂ back into the alveoli to be removed through the lungs.
C) Alveolar units ventilate and capillary units bring oxygenated blood from the tissues, excreting O₂ back into the alveoli to be removed through the lungs.
D) Alveolar units ventilate and capillary units bring CO₂ to the tissues, excreting O₂ back into the alveoli to be removed through the lungs.

Answer 3

B
The lungs bring O₂ to the tissues and remove CO₂ from the body.

Question 4

Which best describes the base excess-base deficit concept?

A) Acidosis is an abnormal acid-base balance in which the base dominates.
B) When there is an increase in HCO₃⁻, it is seen in a negative base excess and referred to as a base deficit.
C) Alkalemia is an abnormal acid-base balance in which the acids dominate.
D) When there is a decrease in HCO₃⁻, it is seen in a negative base excess and referred to as a base deficit.

Question 5

What do the gradients of gases across a semipermeable membrane show?

A) Gradients from higher concentrations to lower concentrations
B) Gradients from lower concentrations to higher concentrations
C) No change in gradients
D) Gradients from equal concentrations to higher concentrations

Question 6

Which best describes cyanosis?

A) An abnormal acid-base balance in which the acids dominate
B) The presence of a bluish color to the skin, mucous membranes, and nail beds
C) An abnormal acid-base balance in which the bases dominate
D) An inability of the kidneys to excrete the normal metabolic acids

Question 7

Which best describes Dalton's law?

A) In a mixture of gases, the partial pressure is equal to the sum of the total pressures of the separate gases.
B) In a mixture of gases, the total pressure is unequal to the sum of the partial pressures of the separate gases.
C) In a solitary gas, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the separate gases.
D) In a mixture of gases, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the separate gases.

Question 8

What is the main route for the body to expel normal metabolic acids?

A) The skin
B) The lungs
C) The kidneys
D) The gastrointestinal tract

Question 9

When tissue Po₂ decreases,what tissues send a response to the brain is to increase ventilation and cardiac output?

A) Lungs
B) Kidneys
C) The heart
D) The carotid and aortic bodies

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco₂)?

A) If the Pco₂ is above 45 mm Hg, the patient is hyperventilating.
B) If the Pco₂ is below 35 mm Hg, the patient is said to be hypoventilating.
C) If the Pco₂ is below 35 mm Hg, the patient is said to be hyperventilating.
D) Normal Pco₂ values are 55 to 65 mm Hg.

Question 11

Which of the following is considered an invasive way to obtain arterial blood gas reading?

A) Arterial blood draw
B) Pulse oximeter reading
C) Transcutaneous oxygenation monitor
D) Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitor

Question 12

How should physical therapists use arterial blood gas measurements?

A) Use the measurement with oximeter readings to get an overall status of the patient's condition
B) To prescribe external oxygen
C) To titrate oxygen levels
D) To determine when to remove external oxygen

Question 13

How is respiratory failure defined?

A) The failure of the digestive system to meet the metabolic demands of the body
B) The failure of the nervous system to meet the metabolic demands of the body
C) The failure of the pulmonary system to meet the metabolic demands of the body
D) The failure of the integumentary system to meet the metabolic demands of the body

Question 14

What is arterial blood gas used for?

A) To measure the number of respirations
B) To obtain an accurate blood pressure
C) To measure the count of white blood cells
D) A physiological assessment tool that measures a patient's acid-base balance, alveolar ventilation, and oxygenation status

Question 15

What are the normal arterial pH values?

A) 7.80 to 9.0
B) 2.5 to 5.0
C) 6.35 to 7.2
D) 7.35 to 7.45

Question 16

Which best describes an acute phase of base excess and base deficit?

A) When a normal pH exists, it is in the acute stage.
B) If the pH is not in the normal 7.35 to 7.45 range, then the patient is in an acute stage.
C) If the pH is not in the normal 7.35 to 7.45 range, then the patient is in a chronic stage.
D) When an abnormal pH exists, it is in the acute stage.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding acceptable ranges for arterial blood gases?

A) pH of 5.30 to 6.50
B) pH of 7.45 and above alkalemia
C) pH of 7.35 and below alkalemia
D) PCO₂ of 10 to 20 mm Hg

Question 18

What is the normal hemoglobin range?

A) 8 to 10 g/100 mL blood
B) 2 to 7 g/100 mL blood
C) 12 to 16 g/100 mL blood
D) 20 to 26 g/100 mL blood

Question 19

What is the purpose of hemoglobin?

A) It is crucial for oxygen transport.
B) It is crucial for carbon dioxide transport.
C) It is crucial for H₂CO₃ transport.
D) It is unable to cross the capillary membrane.

Question 20

What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere?

A) 79%
B) 10%
C) 20.9%
D) 100%