Deck 45: Respiratory and Cardiovascular Drug Actions

Question 1

Which α-adrenergic blocking drug is most useful in men with enlarged prostates?

A) Phentolamine
B) Phenoxybenzamine
C) Prazosin
D) Phenylephrine

Answer 1

C
Prazosin,doxazosin,and terazosin are α-selective for arterioles and venules and are the most useful α-adrenergic blocking drugs to deal with hypertension.They have a dilatory effect on urethral smooth muscle and are therefore useful agents in men with enlarged prostates.

Question 2

Which device has been developed to promote successful use of metered-dose inhalers?

A) Spacers
B) Powders
C) Liquefiers
D) Humidifiers

Answer 2

A
Spacers come in various configurations,but they all provide a chamber between the patient and the MDI,which can be charged with the drug-propellant mixture that is then inhaled without concern for critical timing.

Question 3

Which is a cholinergic blocking drug that is useful as an antiulcer and antispasmodic agent?

A) Donepezil
B) Acetylcholine
C) Atropine
D) Clonidine

Answer 3

C
One of the most important clinical uses for atropine is in the gastrointestinal (GI)tract as an antiulcer and antispasmodic agent.This drug acts to decrease motility in the GI tract so that other antiulcer agents can remain in contact with the GI mucosa longer,and it is possible that it also decreases acid secretion.

Question 4

Long-term use of which of the following often leads to Cushing syndrome?

A) Adrenergic drugs
B) Propranolol
C) Anticholinergics
D) Corticosteroids

Question 5

Which class of drugs has been used as insecticides and is beneficial in problems related to the eye,intestine,and the skeletal neuromuscular junction?

A) Cholinergic drugs
B) Anticholinesterase drugs
C) Sympatholytic drugs
D) β-Adrenergic blocking drugs

Question 6

Which of the following is controlled primarily by the parasympathetic nervous system?

A) Increasing heart rate
B) Increasing ventilation capacity
C) Blood pressure elevation
D) Digestion

Question 7

Which is a possible side effect of epinephrine?

A) Anxiety
B) Headache
C) Palpitations
D) All of the above

Question 8

Which can be inhaled to liquefy mucus?

A) Corticosteroids
B) Mucolytics
C) Anticholinergics
D) All of the above

Question 9

Which is an advantage of using a nebulizer instead of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)?

A) Does not require hand-breathing coordination
B) More portable
C) Less expensive
D) All of the above

Question 10

Which is a biologic effect typically attributed to the parasympathetic nervous system?

A) Bradycardia
B) Salivation
C) Bronchoconstriction
D) All of the above

Question 11

How many patients are estimated to use metered-dose inhalers correctly?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Question 12

Which adrenergic drug causes the release of norepinephrine and has potent central nervous system activity?

A) Phenylephrine
B) Metaraminol
C) Ephedrine
D) Amphetamine

Question 13

Which class of drugs are being increasingly used as alternatives to low-dose inhaled steroids in patients with mild persistent asthma?

A) Antileukotrienes
B) Anticholinergics
C) Anticholinesterase drugs
D) Cholinergic drugs

Question 14

Which is true of α receptors in the sympathetic system?

A) Found in arterioles, heart, and bronchioles; stimulation lowers blood pressure
B) Found in arterioles, heart, and bronchioles; stimulation increases blood pressure
C) Found only in arterioles; stimulation lowers blood pressure
D) Found only in arterioles; stimulation increases blood pressure

Question 15

Which cholinergic drug has a short duration of action if administered parentally?

A) Bethanechol
B) Carbachol
C) Pilocarpine
D) Acetylcholine

Question 16

Which is an expectorant that acts by increasing the production of respiratory secretions?

A) Guaifenesin
B) Acetylcysteine
C) Zileuton
D) Cromolyn sodium

Question 17

Which drug is an anticholinergic with bronchodilatory effects useful in patients with asthma?

A) Ipratropium
B) Carbachol
C) Pilocarpine
D) None of the above

Question 18

Which is a cardioselective β-adrenergic blocking drug?

A) Metoprolol
B) Ephedrine
C) Doxazosin
D) All of the above

Question 19

What equation can be used to calculate blood pressure?

A) Cardiac output x Total peripheral resistance
B) Cardiac output/Total peripheral resistance
C) Heart rate x Stroke volume
D) Heart rate/Stroke volume

Question 20

Which of the following affects the firing rate of carotid baroreceptors?

A) Blood pressure
B) Heart rate
C) Respiration rate
D) Temperature