Deck 30: Social, cultural, and Economic Challenges in the West Through the Present

Question 1

Who designed the Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial in Vienna,Nameless Library,which commemorates the deaths of 65,000 Austrian Jews under the Nazis?

A)Pablo Picasso
B)Tatjiana Yablonskaya
C)Jackson Pollock
D)Rachel Whiteread

Answer 1

Rachel Whiteread

Question 2

The first major European nation to begin to create a welfare state was ________.

A)Spain
B)France
C)Germany
D)Great Britain

Answer 2

Great Britain

Question 3

All surveys indicate that ________ is the most important difficulty women face in the workplace.

A)sexual harassment
B)equality in the hiring process
C)the need to provide care for their children
D)better opportunities for educational advancement

Answer 3

the need to provide care for their children

Question 4

Which of the following political parties was formed in 1979 and immediately became an electoral force for environmental issues such as global warming,pollution of water,and the atmosphere?

A)Green Berets
B)German Greens
C)Earth Party
D)Citizens for Environmental Awareness and Pollution Prevention (CEAPP)

Question 5

Between 1945 and 1960,approximately ________ Europeans left Europe each year.

A)250,000
B)500,000
C)750,000
D)1,000,000

Question 6

Christian democratic parties were generally led by ________.

A)communists
B)women
C)Protestants
D)Catholics

Question 7

The most important Christian response to World War I appeared in the theology of ________.

A)Karl Barth
B)Al Sharpton
C)Paul Tillich
D)Rudolf Bultmann

Question 8

In the late 1960s,which of the following inventions transformed computer technology?

A)invention of the microchip
B)invention of vacuum tubes
C)invention of the transistor
D)invention of the internet

Question 9

Measuring over six feet high and twelve feet wide,the monumental piece Bread is an example of ________.

A)socialist realism
B)abstract art
C)impressionism
D)cubism

Question 10

Before World War II,the two basic models for social legislation were the German and the ________.

A)British
B)Dutch
C)Italian
D)French

Question 11

As rapid changes in communications technology vastly expanded access to information,more Europeans received some form of ________.

A)university education
B)religious indoctrination
C)intercultural awareness
D)political indoctrination

Question 12

About ________ Germans were expelled by Poland,Czechoslovakia,and Hungary following World War II.

A)12 million
B)20,000
C)23 million
D)230,000

Question 13

The first modern digital computer was built and designed ________.

A)by the U.S.Army
B)in a joint venture of the U.S.Army and IBM
C)at Moore Laboratories at the University of Pennsylvania
D)at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Question 14

A shopkeeper's daughter,________ became the first female prime minister of Great Britain from May 1979 through November 1990.

A)Elizabeth Alexandra Mary
B)Rachel Whiteread
C)Margaret Thatcher
D)Mary Chestnut

Question 15

City dwellers make up about what percentage of Western Europe's population?

A)50
B)95
C)75
D)60

Question 16

The Roman Catholic Church's Twenty-First Ecumenical Council is also known as ________.

A)Vatican I
B)Vatican II
C)Council 21
D)EC XX1

Question 17

Margaret Thatcher supported ________.

A)higher taxes
B)more government intervention in the economy
C)expanding the social-welfare state
D)privatizing industries that had been nationalized

Question 18

The administration and organization of which of the following gave the countries of Europe new experience in working with each other and demonstrated the productivity and efficiency that mutual cooperation could achieve?

A)NATO and the Marshall Plan
B)the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
C)the United Nations and the Truman Doctrine
D)NATO and the United Nations

Question 19

When did modestly-priced computers become available for personal use in individuals' offices and homes?

A)late 1960s
B)mid-1970s
C)mid-1980s
D)early 1990s

Question 20

Which of these men was a German-American liberal theologian?

A)Paul Tillich
B)Karl Barth
C)Søren Kierkegaard
D)C. S. Lewis

Question 21

Germany's reliance on "guest workers" is an example of the impact of Europe's _______.

A)booming economy
B)decolonization
C)falling birthrate
D)late industrialization

Question 22

Compared to 1950,women's working patterns in Europe have changed ________.

A)little
B)substantially
C)radically
D)not at all

Question 23

The papacies of John XXIII and John Paul II followed policies that were _______.

A)roughly similar
B)strongly opposed
C)identical
D)both radical departures

Question 24

Which word or phrase best characterizes Jackson Pollock's works?

A)optimistic
B)cultural freedom
C)existential
D)consumerism

Question 25

Decolonization in the postwar period ________.

A)forced many European colonials to seek refuge from persecution
B)led many European colonials to return to Europe from overseas
C)resulted in many Europeans residing in their former European colony
D)was pushed as much by European public opinion as anything else

Question 26

The Arab oil embargo of 1973-1974 pressed home the message to the industrialized West that ________.

A)natural resources are limited
B)oil production was not meeting consumer demands
C)dependence on oil must end
D)coal mining would have to be expanded

Question 27

Welfare legislation spread throughout Western Europe in response to ________.

A)promises of full employment and social security by communist states of Eastern Europe
B)protests and demonstrations throughout Western Europe
C)the rise of democratic socialist parties following World War II
D)the election of Margaret Thatcher

Question 28

For much of the first decade of the twenty-first century,relations between the United States and post-Soviet Union Europe were ________.

A)harmonious
B)considerably strained
C)becoming less tense
D)volatile

Question 29

By 1968,well ahead of schedule,the six members of the EEC had abolished all ________.

A)tariffs among themselves
B)debt among themselves
C)military hostilities or armies within each other's borders
D)national currencies in exchange for a common European monetary system

Question 30

The new constitutional treaty for the European Union was defeated with referendums in ________.

A)Sweden,Finland,and Italy
B)Hungary,Belgium,and Denmark
C)Ireland,Austria,and Germany
D)France,Great Britain,and the Netherlands

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true regarding work patterns for today's women?

A)Most women either stay at home to raise their children or enter the workforce.
B)Most women enter the workforce after leaving school.
C)Women are working in declining numbers.
D)The labor supply has forced women out of the workforce.

Question 32

Women are more likely than men to work part-time,because of ________.

A)low salaries
B)labor gluts
C)the needs of their children
D)lack of job opportunities

Question 33

Stock markets around the world lost ________ of their value as a result of the 2008 international financial crisis.

A)around 10 percent
B)over 33 percent
C)around 50 percent
D)over 75 percent

Question 34

Which of the following would be an example of socialist realism?

A)a photo documentary of writers
B)a poster depicting factory workers
C)a collage of headlines about socialism
D)a painting of university professors

Question 35

A key provision of the 1991 Maastricht Treaty called for ________.

A)the creation of a special police force to fight the drug trade
B)the establishment of uniform wages and prices in all the signatory countries
C)the creation of a unified currency
D)new laws to enforce gender equality in the workplace

Question 36

The growing ________ presence in Europe has produced some of the most serious ethnic and political tensions in recent history.

A)Muslim
B)Slavic
C)Jewish
D)Asian

Question 37

The "god" referred to in The God That Failed was _______.

A)socialism
B)Marxist socialism
C)Soviet communism
D)democracy

Question 38

Modern European feminism tends to emphasize _______.

A)achieving legal goals
B)women's place in society
C)wage parity
D)broader economic opportunity

Question 39

Women in Eastern Europe today ________ than they did under communism.

A)face more risk of job discrimination
B)enjoy more government-financed health and welfare programs that benefit women
C)have greater opportunities for employment
D)have fewer opportunities for employment

Question 40

Which word or phrase best characterizes socialist realism?

A)optimistic
B)realistic
C)existential
D)consumerism

Question 41

Until the ________,Western Europe had large,organized communist parties,as well as groups of intellectuals sympathetic to communism.

Question 42

How did the U.S.government respond to the financial crisis of 2008?

A)It decided to let the market regulate itself.
B)It passed social welfare legislation that provides universal health coverage to all citizens.
C)It intervened in the economy to an unprecedented extent.
D)It demanded other nations pay their debts to the United States.

Question 43

By the end of World War II,cities in Eastern Europe had lost any ________ presence.

Question 44

The number of ________ women in the workforce has risen sharply.

Question 45

Compared to abstract art-illustrated by Jackson Pollock-socialist realism was much more ________.

A)innovative
B)amateurish
C)gloomy
D)tied to political ideology

Question 46

Today,except for one country,at least ________ of the population of every European nation lives in large cities.

Question 47

A factor that appears to have brought the European Union to an impasse includes concerns over ________.

A)smaller members of the European Union feeling that Great Britain and Italy have either ignored them or taken them for granted
B)some nations feeling that the euro has placed them at a disadvantage
C)the admission of Yugoslavia to the European Union due to its poor economic base and its religious differences with the rest of Europe
D)the admission of Turkey to the European Union in 2004

Question 48

"Americanization" in Europe refers to American influence most visible in ________.________.

A)cultural life
B)social life
C)economic life
D)military planning

Question 49

Which word or phrase characterizes how many Europeans viewed the election of Barack Obama to the U.S.presidency?

A)angry
B)anxious
C)optimistic
D)discouraged

Question 50

The financial crisis of 2008 originated as a result of ________.

A)the collapse of financial institutions in Western Europe
B)banks holding bad mortgages in the United States' mortgage market
C)Eastern Europe's foreign debt to the United States and Western Europe
D)the United States' high defense spending

Question 51

The financial crisis of 2008 demonstrated ________.

A)the interconnectedness of world markets
B)the United States' dominance in the world market
C)Western Europe's dominance in the world market
D)the significance of burgeoning economies in Eastern Europe,Asia,and Africa

Question 52

The papacy of John Paul II can be said to be _______ yet ________.

A)reactionary;charismatic
B)inspirational;oppressive
C)dynamic;innovative
D)dogmatic;inspired

Question 53

Warfare was the chief catalyst for the invention of the computer because ________.

A)the splitting of the atom led to the knowledge necessary to develop complex electronic circuitry
B)major powers developed new weapons that required exact mathematical ballistic calculations to effectively strike targets with bombs
C)governments required the organization of large databases of information
D)major powers funded massive research and development labs that had a free rein to experiment and develop new products

Question 54

Which of the following events helped to reduce tensions between the United States and western Europe in the first decade of the twenty-first century?

A)the U.S.invasion of Iraq
B)the U.S.invasion of Afghanistan
C)the Russian invasion of Georgia
D)the terrorist attack on the subway system and a bus in London

Question 55

It can be argued that Bismarck extended social welfare in order to _________.

A)oppose Soviet communism
B)bring about German unification
C)defuse calls for political participation
D)achieve economic stability

Question 56

Since World War II,governments have begun to spend more money on ________ than they do on the military.

Question 57

Following World War II,social welfare was seen in Europe as ________.

A)the equivalent of the right to vote
B)an expensive luxury
C)an obsolete idea
D)a way to undermine socialist governments

Question 58

It seems certain that no single American technological achievement of the twentieth century will so influence Western life on both sides of the Atlantic,as well as throughout the rest of the world,as the ________.

A)automobile
B)airplane
C)computer
D)nuclear reactor

Question 59

The toy company LEGO can be seen as running ________ the trend of Americanization.

A)parallel to
B)ahead of
C)counter to
D)behind

Question 60

Which of the following statements about Christianity in Western Europe after World War II is true?

A)Despite the secular nature of most Western European countries,Christian churches continued to influence state and society.
B)Most Western Europeans resist any attempts by Christian churches to influence state or society.
C)Most Western Europeans resist all religious influences in politics and government.
D)Western Europeans are increasingly embracing a less secular way of life,with Christianity being the dominant religious influence.

Question 61

Neo-Orthodoxy did not sweep away liberal theology,which had a strong advocate in German-American theologian ________.

Question 62

The European Economic Community (EEC)was also called the ________.

Question 63

The computer revolution has created a new social distinction based not on wealth but on access to computer technology.Define the "have" and "have-nots" of modern society-both in terms of individuals and nations or governments-and give examples of both groups and explain how they are advantaged or disadvantaged by their computer status.

Question 64

What effect do you think U.S.President Barack Obama's popular support across Europe has on domestic issues facing the United States? What effect does it have on foreign policy and international relations?

Question 65

British sculptor Rachel Whiteread's work is associated with ________ in contemporary art.

Question 66

What were the advantages of the European Union's adoption of a common currency? Are all member countries to benefit equally? Consider the exchange of foreign currency in your answer.

Question 67

Refer to the excerpt "Toys from Europe Conquer the United States." How has LEGO been an example of the European penetration of popular culture around the world? Why has the influence of LEGO on children's toys been less controversial than the emergence of American fast-food chains in Europe?

Question 68

The controversy over the admission of ________ to the European Union is partially over the "Islamic factor."

Question 69

Explain the title of Simone de Beauvoir's landmark work,The Second Sex.Do you think the issues discussed in this work have any relevance to the lives of contemporary American women? Why or why not?

Question 70

The first machine genuinely recognizable as a modern digital computer was the ________.

Question 71

Albert Camus was a French ________ writer.

Question 72

What was the three-pronged policy of Pope John Paul II? What stance did Pope John Paul II take against communism? How did Pope John Paul II's homeland in Poland play an integral part in his role as pope after the fall of communism?

Question 73

The ________ in the sculpture Nameless Library represent the loss of Jewish contributions and Jewish lives as a result of the Holocaust.

Question 74

What were the main steps in the emergence of the computer? What source of demand initiated the innovation and creative methodology for computer research? What changes will computers bring in the next decade?

Question 75

What was the influence of Margaret Thatcher's term in office as British Prime Minister? Was she more important for her politics or as the first female prime minister?

Question 76

The 1986 disaster at the ________ nuclear reactor in the Soviet Union heightened concern about environmental issues and raised questions that no European government could ignore.

Question 77

During the late 1920s and the 1930s,________ became a substitute religion for some Europeans.

Question 78

What recent trends of immigration are appearing in European countries? What brought these immigrants to Europe? How are these new immigrants changing European society? What response have European nations taken to this large-scale immigration? Explain.

Question 79

The European Community's common currency is called the ________.

Question 80

What types of artwork have evolved in post-war society? Compare and contrast the artistic developments of Soviet and American artists.What trends in art have emerged? Where?