Deck 7: The High Middle Ages: the Rise of European Empires and States (1000-1300)

Question 1

The court of Poitiers was a famous center for ________.

A)philosophical discourse
B)literature of courtly love
C)medicine
D)ceramics

Answer 1

literature of courtly love

Question 2

After 962,the western church ________.

A)broke away from the control of Otto I
B)established an army of its own
C)gained control of the Papal States
D)fell under the political control of Otto I

Answer 2

fell under the political control of Otto I

Question 3

Annates were a ________.

A)tax on land
B)type of pilgrimage
C)yearly tribute paid by the popes
D)fee paid to the church

Answer 3

fee paid to the church

Question 4

During his reign,Pope Innocent gave official sanction to two new monastic orders: ________.

A)Augustinians and Jesuits
B)Franciscans and Dominicans
C)Albigensians and Dominicans
D)Dominicans and Waldensians

Question 5

What was the Domesday Book?

A)a county-by-county survey of property
B)a book of theories as to how Armageddon would occur
C)an account of the battle of Hastings and the conquest of Britain
D)instructions on how to blend monarchical and parliamentary elements of government

Question 6

Which of the following movements stressed biblical simplicity in religion and a life of poverty in imitation of Christ?

A)Waldensians
B)Seljuk Turks
C)Beghards
D)Ottonians

Question 7

The job of the royal executives,called ________,was to monitor the royal officials responsible for local governmental administration.

A)enquêteurs
B)baillis
C)paysans
D)prévôts

Question 8

The High Middle Ages (1000-1300)________.

A)marked a period of intellectual flowering
B)saw a decrease in food supplies and population
C)was when the relationship between the Latin church and monarchical secular governments was strongest
D)was a period of economic stagnation

Question 9

Which of the following measures did the Constitutions of Clarendon impose?

A)They put limits on judicial appeals to Rome.
B)They absolved the clergy from the civil courts.
C)They stripped the king of control over the election of bishops.
D)They established a "clerical tax."

Question 10

Who did the Anglo-Saxon nobles choose to succeed Edward the Confessor after his death in 1066?

A)William,duke of Normandy
B)Henry III
C)Harold Godwinsson
D)Edward II

Question 11

The Concordat of Worms in 1122 required that the ________.

A)clergy give up their lands and worldly goods
B)emperor himself become a candidate for bishop
C)emperor invest bishops with fiefs
D)emperor formally renounce his power to invest bishops with the ring and staff of office

Question 12

The unification of the German provinces was begun by ________.

A)Pope John XII
B)Otto I
C)Henry I
D)Charles Martel

Question 13

Lay investiture is the process by which ________.

A)ecclesiastical officials appoint bishops and other church officials
B)bishops control papacy without the unanimous support of key clergy
C)secular officials and rulers appoint bishops and other church officials
D)the College of Cardinals elects Popes

Question 14

By the reign of Philip II Augustus,________ had become the center of French government.

A)Strasbourg
B)Anjou
C)Paris
D)Versailles

Question 15

The church reform movement of the early tenth century was based in ________.

A)Cluny
B)Otto's court
C)Wittenberg
D)the Vatican

Question 16

Otto I and his successors became so preoccupied with running the affairs of ________ that their German base began to disintegrate.

A)Denmark
B)Italy
C)Poland
D)Hungary

Question 17

Who was responsible for bringing an end to the Hohenstaufen dynasty?

A)Louis IX
B)Frederick II
C)Charles of Anjou
D)Philip II Augustus

Question 18

The Truce of God meant that all ________.

A)bishops in German states would be appointed by German princes
B)men were to abstain from violence and warfare during a certain part of each week and in all holy seasons
C)who attended mass were to show support for the church through monetary donations or donations specifically requested by the church
D)men who chose to become acting members of the church were to swear a life of celibacy

Question 19

Pope ________ established the College of Cardinals in 1059.

A)Leo IX
B)Stephen IX
C)Otto I
D)Nicholas II

Question 20

The Treaty of ________,signed in 1259,momentarily settled the dispute between France and England.

A)London
B)Newcastle
C)Paris
D)Geneva

Question 21

Which of the following groups potentially had the most to gain from the lay investiture edict?

A)bishops
B)laity
C)the College of Cardinals
D)princes

Question 22

The Hohenstaufen Empire faced increasing problems with the papacy when Henry VI ________.

A)divorced his wife
B)married an heiress to the kingdom of Sicily
C)made an alliance with the German princes
D)attempted to invade Rome

Question 23

What belief was key to Otto I's consolidation of power in Germany?

A)Each duchy was a subordinate member of a unified kingdom.
B)The pope could not be counted on for support.
C)Princes could be relied on to manage their own provinces independently.
D)Corruption flourishes under systems of centralized authority.

Question 24

What distinguished the Franciscans from the heterodox movements?

A)their focus on living simply
B)a desire to follow Christ's example
C)their emergence from a backdrop of intense religiosity
D)Franciscan operation within the church hierarchy

Question 25

________ was a member of the strongest line of emperors to succeed the Ottonians.

A)Louis IX
B)Otto I
C)Saladin
D)Frederick I Barbarossa

Question 26

Pope Urban endorsed the First Crusade because he ________.

A)saw the chance to remove feuding,idle,and restless noble youths from Europe
B)was hoping to gain control of Europe after a victory
C)wanted to end the power of the Eastern emperor
D)desired to drive all Muslims from Egypt

Question 27

The purpose of the Fourth Lateran Council was to ________.

A)formalize church discipline throughout the hierarchy
B)standardize the papal electoral process
C)deny the doctrine of transubstantiation
D)revise the measures agreed upon in the Third Lateran Council

Question 28

Otto I's victory over the Hungarians in 955 is most important for which of these reasons?

A)It ended the period of invasions.
B)It consolidated Otto I's control of Germany.
C)It created the Holy Roman Empire.
D)The victory brought Otto to the throne.

Question 29

Who proved to be the greatest obstacle to Frederick I's plans to revive his empire?

A)German duchies
B)Capetian kings
C)Italian popes
D)English monarchs

Question 30

What was a key consequence of Henry II's determination to return to the efficiency of his grandfather William's style of governance?

A)an increased democratization among the nobility
B)calls for a perpetual Crusade against Muslims
C)an increasingly repressive regime
D)a burgeoning merchant class

Question 31

Why did Otto make so many bishops and abbots into agents of his empire?

A)They were the only skilled administrators around.
B)They opened up a fifth column in Otto's struggles with Pope Urban II.
C)Taxing them provided the bulk of his revenue.
D)They could not marry and so posed no threat of forming a competitive dynasty.

Question 32

What was the primary objective of the First Crusade?

A)to defend Europe's outermost borders against Muslim aggression
B)to stimulate Western trade with the East
C)to rescue the holy city of Jerusalem
D)to spread Christianity to the farthest reaches of the earth

Question 33

The First Crusade was successful largely due to which of these factors?

A)assistance from the Byzantine Empire
B)the assistance of Shiite Muslims
C)divisions within Islam
D)weather conditions

Question 34

Which of the following distinguished Gothic from Romanesque architecture?

A)rounded arches
B)heavy columns
C)flying buttresses
D)commonly used for church buildings

Question 35

Which of the following statements most aptly characterizes the Albigensian philosophy?

A)The Old Testament is sacrosanct.
B)To understand God we must understand Jesus,for God was incarnated in him.
C)A church is an invisible spiritual force,not a real-world institution.
D)God speaks through the pope.

Question 36

Compiling the Domesday Book was intended to ________.

A)defeat the Anglo-Saxons
B)reassert Anglo-Saxon power
C)assist William's plan to conquer England
D)support a centralized government

Question 37

The long-term result of the first three Crusades was ________.

A)a population decline in Europe
B)Europe's control of the Holy Land
C)the destruction of all Near Eastern Christian settlements
D)the easing of some tensions within Europe

Question 38

National feeling in France _______ during the reign of Louis IX.

A)plummeted,then rose
B)gradually declined
C)grew strong
D)remained the same

Question 39

In terms of stability and centralized authority,the Holy Roman Empire most resembled which of these in the 1200s?

A)Italy
B)France
C)England
D)the papacy

Question 40

The foundation of Cluny led to the emergence of which of these key principles of western culture?

A)the separation of church and state
B)papal supremacy
C)German aggression
D)the contemplative life

Question 41

Which factor was least responsible for Northern France emerging as a model of medieval society and culture?

A)growing military strength
B)the emergence of Scholasticism in Paris
C)the respect Louis IX had earned among other European monarchs
D)government patronage of Gothic architecture

Question 42

Henry I secured the imperial German borders by checking the invasions of the Hungarians and the _________.

Question 43

Which of the following best describes Frederick II's relationship with the pope?

A)His relationship with the pope was disastrous;he was excommunicated four times.
B)His relationship with the pope was brilliant;he reestablished strong church-state relations.
C)His relationship with the pope was nonexistent;due to specific alliances,the papacy proved to be the enemy.
D)His relationship with the pope was tumultuous,but remained close.

Question 44

How did Gothic construction techniques enhance the interior beauty of churches?

A)They allowed for the priest to be more visible to the congregation.
B)The lowered ceilings created a more intimate atmosphere for worship.
C)Walls were filled with large stained glass windows.
D)Thick stone walls better insulated the church in winter.

Question 45

Who benefited most from Louis IX's neutral stance during the long struggle between the German Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II and the papacy?

A)the papacy
B)Frederick II
C)Henry IV
D)Louis VII

Question 46

Pope Leo IX promoted regional synods to oppose clerical marriage and ________,the selling of spiritual things,especially church offices.

Question 47

________ were the least secularized and most spiritual of the church's clergy.

Question 48

Who was the weakest of the following High Middle Ages leaders?

A)Henry II
B)Louis IX
C)Otto IV
D)Phillip II Augustus

Question 49

Why did national feeling grow in France during the reign of Louis IX?

A)It derived from the constant wars with England.
B)It was a consequence of papal support.
C)It followed increased taxation.
D)It arose from loyalty to a king perceived as just.

Question 50

How does Map 7-1,The Early Crusades,illustrate a weakness of the Third Crusade?

A)It shows the lack of any clearly defined objective.
B)It reveals how many different rulers were trying to lead the Crusade.
C)It points to the conflict between trading and crusading.
D)It indicates the united Muslim resistance.

Question 51

A grateful Pope John XII crowned Otto ________ on February 2,962.

Question 52

In 1084,in response to his second excommunication and the growing power of the papacy,Henry installed his own ________,Clement III.

Question 53

King John's attitude toward the Magna Carta can best be described as ________.

A)eventual acceptance
B)continued resistance
C)willful ignorance
D)defiant nullification

Question 54

Louis IX was effective in consolidating his power by using ________.

A)military power
B)justice
C)the crusades
D)money raised by selling off church lands

Question 55

What does Map 7-2,Germany and Italy in the Middle Ages,show about the political climate of the Hohenstaufen Empire?

A)The many small states and territories in Germany and Italy made them very hard to control.
B)England was the only country properly situated to create an empire.
C)Italy was unified in fact,even if not in name.
D)Germany displayed a cohesiveness that did not exist elsewhere.

Question 56

How did an increasing focus on Italian affairs hurt the Ottonian rulers?

A)It diminished papal hostility.
B)It encouraged the enmity of England.
C)It prompted calls for an internal Crusade.
D)It caused them to neglect their stronghold in Germany.

Question 57

The revival of Roman law was beneficial to the rule of Frederick I because it ________.

A)promoted centralized authority
B)increased papal involvement
C)stressed the secular origins of papal power
D)praised regional authority

Question 58

How did his pre-papal strategizing benefit Pope Alexander III in his struggles with Frederick I Barbarossa?

A)It ensured the fealty of the German duchies.
B)It meant he could count on the support of Sicily.
C)It arranged the neutrality of the Cluny monasteries.
D)It removed the divine right of the Hohenstaufen line.

Question 59

Which of these best describe the rule of Louis IX?

A)a well-intentioned but disastrous reign
B)the height of medieval monarchy
C)culturally rich but economically disastrous
D)the beginning of the decline of the medieval French monarchy

Question 60

Why is the text critical of Louis IX's magnanimity in the Treaty of Paris?

A)He punished the English for imagined indignities that were not in fact their fault.
B)He strengthened the papal hand in future international conflicts.
C)His generosity made future crusades less likely.
D)His refusal to press the French advantage allowed territorial disputes with England to continue.

Question 61

The reign of Louis IX coincided with the golden age of ________,which saw the convergence of Europe's greatest thinkers on Paris.

Question 62

The English ________ limited autocratic behavior and secured the rights of the privileged against the monarchy.

Question 63

According to the Christian doctrine of ________,at the moment of consecration,the bread and wine of Communion become the body and blood of Jesus Christ.

Question 64

Four months after crowning Otto of Brunswick emperor,________ excommunicated him.

Question 65

The Fourth Crusade was indicative of the degeneration of the original crusading ideal in that the Crusade was transformed into a piratical,commercial venture controlled by the ________.

Question 66

The High Middle Ages witnessed the peak of Romanesque art and the transition to ________.

Question 67

In what respects was Louis IX the embodiment of the medieval view of the perfect ruler? Where was he deficient? Explain.

Question 68

Why were the Crusades so important to the people of Europe? Do you think that the Crusades accomplished things that could not have been achieved otherwise?

Question 69

The ________,introduced into southern France by Pope Gregory IX,created a formal tribunal to detect and punish heresy.

Question 70

On July 27,1214,the first great European battle occurred at ________ in Flanders.

Question 71

During his reign,Pope Innocent III gave official sanction to two new monastic orders: the Franciscans and the Dominicans.Why do you believe such a sanction was given? What characteristics did these orders possess that the papacy believed would prove beneficial to Christendom?

Question 72

What factors influenced the move from Romanesque to Gothic art and architecture?

Question 73

What is the Magna Carta? Many argue that its establishment was the first step in a long historical process leading to the rule of constitutional law.Do you agree or disagree? Explain.

Question 74

Louis IX died of a fever during the second of two French ________ against the Muslims.

Question 75

In what respects did Frederick II lay the foundation for six centuries of German division? What factors influenced his complacent decisions?

Question 76

Consider the administrative actions taken by the Ottonians.Why do you believe the church was so dissatisfied with Ottonian control?

Question 77

With reference to the essay "Pilgrimages" on p.224,discuss the role of pilgrimages in medieval religious society.What role did relics play upon reaching the destinations of these pilgrimages? Given the information in this section,how would you summarize the spiritual relationship of the medieval laity with God? Was it personal,direct,indirect? Explain.

Question 78

Discuss the ideology of the Albigensians.How did their ideology,more specifically their ideas involving the institution of the church,pose a threat to the papacy? Was the papacy justified in calling for a Crusade against them?

Question 79

Discuss the rise of the German empire and the accomplishments of Otto I.Why was he able to become so powerful?

Question 80

________ teachings were teachings that,although not necessarily heretical,nonetheless challenged church orthodoxy.