Deck 18: The French Revolution

Question 1

Which of these sparked war between France and most of the rest of Europe in 1792?

A)the execution of Louis XVI
B)the formation of the Constituent Assembly
C)the Tennis Court Oath
D)France's invasion of Belgium

Answer 1

France's invasion of Belgium

Question 2

Which body carried out the policies in the Reign of Terror?

A)the Legislative Assembly
B)the Convention
C)the Committee of Public Safety
D)the Estates General

Answer 2

the Committee of Public Safety

Question 3

The Second Estate of the Estates General was made up of the ________.

A)clergy
B)bourgeoisie
C)artisans
D)nobility

Answer 3

nobility

Question 4

The French parlements spoke for the interests of the ________.

A)aristocracy
B)peasantry
C)guilds
D)clergy

Question 5

The French Revolution has often been considered a victory of the ________.

A)peasantry
B)clergy
C)nobility
D)bourgeoisie

Question 6

What happened on the Ninth of Thermidor to end the Reign of Terror?

A)Robespierre was executed.
B)Members of the Convention stood together to shout down Robespierre.
C)Robespierre delivered a speech making it clear that no one in the Convention was safe from the Terror.
D)Robespierre replaced the worship of reason with the "Cult of the Supreme Being."

Question 7

Who was responsible for the introduction of the revolutionary land tax that all landowners would have to pay regardless of their social status?

A)Jacques Necker
B)Louis XIV
C)René Maupeou
D)Charles Alexandre de Calonne

Question 8

Who were the primary targets of the revolutionary tribunals?

A)politicians
B)peasants
C)aristocrats
D)enemies of the revolution

Question 9

What was the period called that saw the execution of those people who had been involved in the Reign of Terror?

A)the Thermidorian Reaction
B)the September Massacres
C)the Cult of Reason
D)the white terror

Question 10

Throughout the winter and spring of 1789,the high prices for ________ produced many riots.

A)wine
B)cotton
C)cheese
D)bread

Question 11

What foreign power dominated Poland after the second partition was complete?

A)Prussia
B)Austria
C)Russia
D)France

Question 12

How many émigrés left France after the Revolution?

A)fewer than 1,000
B)10,000
C)over 16,000
D)50,000

Question 13

The Treaties of Basel in March and June 1795 concluded peace with ________.

A)Poland and Spain
B)Prussia and Poland
C)Spain and Prussia
D)Poland and Great Britain

Question 14

The term sans-culottes was used in revolutionary France to refer to ________.

A)children
B)the professional classes
C)the lower middle-class
D)the lower clergy

Question 15

Many victims of the Reign of Terror were subject to this "humane" form of execution.What was it?

A)hanging
B)guillotine
C)starvation
D)poisoning

Question 16

According to the suffrage stipulations of the Constitution of 1791,approximately how many of France's 25 million citizens were qualified to vote?

A)50,000
B)250,000
C)1 million
D)25 million

Question 17

Louis XVI was condemned to death on the charge of ________.

A)conspiring against the liberty of the people
B)the manslaughter of hundreds of revolutionaries
C)subversive actions against the state
D)conspiracy to commit murder

Question 18

With what type of political movement is the term Thermidor associated?

A)revolution
B)overthrow of a monarchy
C)political reaction
D)populism

Question 19

"The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen" was proclaimed by ________.

A)Louis XVI
B)the National Constituent Assembly
C)the Directory
D)the First Estate

Question 20

In October 1795,who put down the royalist rebels that were intensifying the food riots?

A)Robespierre
B)Napoleon Bonaparte
C)William Pitt the Younger
D)Jacques Danton

Question 21

What two exceptions did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy make in the policy of dissolving religious orders in France?

A)orders who had been supportive of the revolution and those in the countryside
B)orders who had been supportive of the monarchy and those located in urban centers
C)those orders who cared for the sick or ran a school
D)those orders who were well connected to nobles or who had been financially supported by the royal family

Question 22

What revenue was to back up the value of the assignats?

A)new taxes on the nobility
B)taxes on the Third Estate
C)wealth captured after the monarchy was executed
D)the sale of church property

Question 23

Who issued the Declaration of Pillnitz?

A)Emperor Leopold II of Austria and King Frederick William II of Prussia
B)Marie Antoinette of France and King Frederick William II of Prussia
C)King Louis XVI of France and Emperor Leopold II of Austria
D)Emperor Leopold II of Austria and Marie Antoinette of France

Question 24

The core value of the republic of virtue created by the revolution was ________.

A)public good over the private good
B)individual interests over the general will
C)private good over the public good
D)liberty for all

Question 25

During the Great Fear,________.

A)peasants demanded the execution of Louis XVI
B)the liberal nobles attained new titles and wealth
C)disturbances in cities and in the countryside led to fear of violence
D)the nobility refused to make concessions to the peasantry

Question 26

The Tennis Court Oath refers to an oath taken by the ________.

A)National Assembly to give France a constitution
B)monarchy of Louis XVI to bring France's people together as one
C)sans-culottes,pushing the revolution in a more radical direction
D)monarchy of Louis XVI to squelch any hint of possible rebellion with the utmost severity

Question 27

Why did the émigrés leave France after the Revolution?

A)They left to find religious freedom.
B)They wanted to begin a counterrevolutionary movement.
C)They were driven out by revolutionaries.
D)They left to find a better life because the social order of France was undergoing fundamental change.

Question 28

Issued in August of 1793,the levée en masse was a(n)________.

A)military requisition on the entire population
B)restriction on foreign imports
C)attempt to fix prices in order to quell inflation
D)call to the French population to rise up and defend the church

Question 29

The sans-culottes wanted,above all else,________.

A)a constitutional monarchy
B)relief from food shortages and high prices
C)tax relief
D)democracy

Question 30

How did Louis XVI and his family try to escape Paris in June 1791?

A)They disguised themselves as servants.
B)They were escorted by military police.
C)They were given freedom to pass by sympathetic revolutionaries.
D)They were escorted by clergymen.

Question 31

Which of the following best describes the form of government pursued by the National Constituent Assembly?

A)democracy
B)constitutional monarchy
C)oligarchy
D)theocracy

Question 32

How did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy reform the church in France?

A)It demanded that clergymen must marry.
B)It demanded that the clergy live in the district in which they preached.
C)It demanded that all clergy must take an oath to support the Civil Constitution.
D)It required the church to become a branch of the secular government.

Question 33

By late 1794,the French army ________.

A)was disbanded
B)was larger than any other in European history
C)numbered little more than 50,000 men
D)joined forces with the soldiers of Polish reform

Question 34

The cahiers de doléances ________.

A)were grievances presented to the king
B)were largely requests for the postponement of taxes
C)consisted of criticism of the monarchy
D)were calls for property tax changes

Question 35

The Roman Catholic Church ________.

A)condemned the French Revolution
B)enthusiastically supported the French Revolution
C)accepted the French Revolution
D)ignored the French Revolution

Question 36

As Prime Minister of Britain,William Pitt the Younger ________.

A)embraced political reform
B)supported the French Revolution
C)suppressed the more radical political movements
D)suppressed calls for reform

Question 37

The Chapelier Law ________.

A)forbade workers' associations
B)put a protective tariff on wine imports
C)granted female suffrage
D)expunged residual feudal dues

Question 38

How did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy change the legal position of the Roman Catholic Church?

A)It increased the status of the church.
B)It made the church into a branch of the secular state.
C)It directed the Roman Catholic Church to take on hospitals and schools in France.
D)It restricted religious freedom for all the faithful.

Question 39

What justification did the Paris Commune give for the September Massacres?

A)They claimed that the people held in city jails were counterrevolutionaries and threatened the gains of the revolution.
B)They claimed that the aristocrats executed in the massacre had worked against the goals of the revolution and could not be trusted to be free.
C)They claimed that the massacres targeted counterrevolutionaries.
D)They claimed that the massacres were directed by the Legislative Assembly against enemies of the state.

Question 40

By which of the following ways did the aristocracy attempt to limit the influence of the Third Estate?

A)They demanded that each estate have an equal number of representatives.
B)They levied excessive "luxury" taxes on the estate.
C)They demanded that each individual should have a vote in the Estates General.
D)They attempted to disband the estate all together.

Question 41

Which of these events occurred as a result of the Thermidorian Reaction?

A)the Reign of Terror
B)the execution of the royal family
C)the Great Fear
D)the white terror

Question 42

Which of the following best summarizes the comparison of freedoms exercised by women before and after the period from 1789 to 1795?

A)Women had less freedom before 1789.
B)Women had more freedom after 1795.
C)Women lost many freedoms after 1795.
D)The degree of freedom exercised was comparable.

Question 43

The French term ________ refers to the days on which the populace of Paris redirected the course of the revolution.

Question 44

How did most French people react to the de-Christianization of France?

A)They largely supported it as a way to further the revolutionary policies.
B)They opposed the de-Christianization and reacted against the revolutionary government in Paris.
C)They violently opposed the policy and took up arms against the deputies of the government.
D)They reacted with solid support and participated in desecrating churches.

Question 45

What was the purpose of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women?

A)to promote the civil rights of women
B)to fight the internal enemies of the revolution
C)to fight the political enemies of the republicans in the Convention
D)to support the development of a new Constitution

Question 46

The changes made to the traditional calendar illustrate which of these revolutionary policies?

A)de-Christianization
B)republicanism
C)the Reign of Terror
D)radicalization

Question 47

William Pitt's domestic policies are best seen in the light of _______.

A)ideological opposition to liberal reform
B)his atheism
C)the moderate phase of the French Revolution
D)fear of the French Revolution

Question 48

How did the revolutionary tribunals deal with Girondist politicians who had been prominent in the Legislative Assembly?

A)The tribunal commended their dedication to the country and issued grants of land and property.
B)The tribunal executed the Girondists.
C)The tribunal tried the Girondists,but most were acquitted.
D)They tied them to rafts and drowned them in the river Loire.

Question 49

The National Constituent Assembly abolished the ancient French provinces and established in their place eighty-three administrative units called ________.

Question 50

In 1791,________,a butcher's daughter from Montauban in northwest France who became a major revolutionary radical in Paris,composed a Declaration of the Rights of Woman.

Question 51

The fall of the ________ marked the first time the populace of Paris redirected the course of the revolution.

Question 52

The Thermidorian Reaction was a product of what two developments?

A)the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and the Great Fear
B)the Tennis Court Oath and the Reign of Terror
C)the Reign of Terror and the growing power of the sans-culottes after the deaths of Robespierre and Danton
D)the white terror and the establishment of the Directory

Question 53

From where did the Thermidorians get their name?

A)The name came from the events of July 27,or 9 Thermidor on the revolutionary calendar,when members of the Convention shouted down Robespierre.
B)The name came from Robert Thermidor,who planned the toppling of Robespierre on the floor of the Convention.
C)The name came from the room in which members of the Convention issued the order to have Robespierre executed.
D)The name came from the group of organizers who stood in opposition to the leadership of Robespierre on the Committee of Public Safety.

Question 54

How did the Jacobins suppress the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women?

A)They called for a popular vote on the economic policies advanced by the Society.
B)They banned all women's clubs and societies.
C)They convicted the leaders of the Society and sent them to prison.
D)They offered to include the Society in their regular meetings.

Question 55

The Jacobins,like those who carried out the September Massacres,were motivated by ________.

A)fear of counterrevolution
B)the bread riots
C)the white terror
D)fear of the Catholic Church

Question 56

On June 1,1789,the Third Estate invited the clergy and the nobles to join them in organizing a new legislative body,which was later named the ________.

Question 57

Which of the following best explains the actions of Maximilien de Robespierre?

A)wholehearted support of the republican government
B)opposition to the radical revolution
C)fear of the sans-culottes
D)support for the physiocrats

Question 58

How did the Girondists fare after the Thermidorian Reaction?

A)They were routed out of hiding and executed.
B)They were removed from public life.
C)They were outlawed.
D)Many returned to their places in the government.

Question 59

What generalization could be made about the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?

A)The Civil Constitution of the Clergy did more than any other action to make an enemy of the Roman Catholic Church for France.
B)The Civil Constitution of the Clergy made reasoned and necessary rules to limit the control of the Roman Catholic Church over the people.
C)The Civil Constitution of the Clergy created an unpopular move to dissolve religious orders and restructure the role of the Roman Catholic Church in government.
D)The Civil Constitution of the Clergy was an ineffective tool for changing the power of the Roman Catholic Church in France.

Question 60

Which of the following best summarizes Edmund Burke's view of the French Revolution?

A)He wholeheartedly supported the uprising.
B)He believed it was shortsighted and politically ignorant.
C)He believed it was the inevitable extension of Enlightenment ideals.
D)He was rather ambivalent toward the revolutionary events.

Question 61

In 1792,the Paris Commune compelled the Legislative Assembly to call for the election of a new assembly,called the ________,to write a democratic constitution.

Question 62

One of the first disagreements in the Estates General was over organization and voting.Identify the specific proposals that incited anger,then explain why the proposals were so objectionable to the Third Estate.

Question 63

What political and social factors led to the outbreak of the second period of revolution? How could this revolution have been avoided? Explain.

Question 64

The immediate need to protect the revolution from enemies,real or imagined,from across the spectrum of French political and social life manifested itself in what became known as the ________.

Question 65

Known as ________,over 16,000 French aristocrats settled in countries near the French border,where they sought to foment counterrevolution.

Question 66

The Assembly intended to simplify commercial transactions by imposing a standard of measurement called ________.

Question 67

Consider the events of the Reign of Terror.In a brief essay,explain the causes that led to the revolutionary tribunals and the events that led to their demise.Discuss the reasons that the terror led to the government sanction of thousands of executions.

Question 68

Called the ________,throughout the country,people who had been involved in the Reign of Terror were attacked and often murdered.

Question 69

With reference to "Encountering the Past: The Metric System," explain how the introduction of the metric system reflected the ideas of the Enlightenment.Relate this to other measures undertaken by the government of France during the Revolution.

Question 70

On November 4,in the single bloodiest day of combat in the decade,________ troops killed well over 10,000 Poles outside Warsaw.

Question 71

What was significant about the night of August 4? How did the events of this night help shape the political and socioeconomic future of the country? Do you believe these events would have occurred if not for the "Great Fear" that swept the countryside? Explain.

Question 72

How did the Convention come into being? How was the Convention affected by events on the battlefield? What were the implications of the first official act of the Convention? Explain.

Question 73

In May 1794,at the height of his power,Robespierre,considering the worship of "Reason" too abstract for most citizens,replaced it with the ________.

Question 74

How did the Constitution of 1791 address the grievances that the Third Estate had with the Old Regime? What aspects of the constitution were revolutionary? What aspects ran counter to the spirit of the revolution? Explain.

Question 75

As part of a policy of de-Christianization,the Convention,in November of 1793,decreed the Cathedral of ________ a "Temple of Reason."

Question 76

With reference to Map 18-1 on page 562,discuss the move from the provinces to the departments.In what ways is this administrative structure more beneficial? In what ways would it be deficient? Explain.

Question 77

Explain how the Estates General became the National Assembly.Which parties were satisfied by this change? Which parties were dissatisfied? How did the change forecast future events?

Question 78

"The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen" claimed that natural rights included "liberty,property,security,and resistance to ________."

Question 79

What role did the sans-culottes play in the Revolution? What were their goals and why did they end up out of power after the Revolution ended?

Question 80

The tempering of the revolution was known as the ________ Reaction.