Deck 25: The Age of Western Imperialism

Question 1

The Boxer Rebellion ended when ________.

A)Chinese troops suppressed the Boxers
B)the Boxers surrendered
C)an international army occupied Beijing
D)China and the Boxers signed a peace treaty

Answer 1

an international army occupied Beijing

Question 2

When a European power placed one of its officials in a foreign government to remotely control that government,a _________ was created.

A)sphere of influence
B)protectorate
C)annexed state
D)territorial division

Answer 2

protectorate

Question 3

Which of the following countries posed the biggest challenge to Britain's dominance of the world stage?

A)Russia and Japan
B)Russia and China
C)Japan and China
D)Japan and the United States

Answer 3

Japan and the United States

Question 4

What ended the United States' passive role in foreign affairs?

A)Russian-British rivalry in Asia
B)Cuba's revolt against Spain
C)the Boxer Rebellion in China
D)the sepoy mutiny in India

Question 5

Russia's main rival in southern Middle Asia-the region of present-day Uzbekistan,Turkistan,and areas bordering Afghanistan-was ________.

A)Germany
B)the Ottoman Empire
C)Britain
D)Muslim separatists

Question 6

________ believed the European economies should be restructured to make imperialism unnecessary.

A)Karl Marx
B)Lenin
C)Benjamin Disraeli

Question 7

One of the reasons Napoleon III sent forces to Vietnam in 1856 was to ________.

A)protect Roman Catholic missionaries
B)establish administrative control over the Vietnamese
C)protect French financial interests
D)expand French territory in Indochina

Question 8

The Open Door Policy ________.

A)was strongly supported by Russia
B)allowed all nations to trade in China on equal terms
C)divided China into sections,opening trade to the United States and U.S.allies
D)allowed China to control its own trade

Question 9

What was Queen Victoria's role in India?

A)She was named the Empress of India in 1877.
B)She owned the East India Company.
C)She sponsored expeditions of Christian missionaries to India.
D)She advised India princes who swore allegiance to the British Crown.

Question 10

By 1823,one of the few areas where European rule remained in the Americas was ________.

A)Haiti
B)some of the Caribbean islands
C)Brazil
D)the Saint Lawrence and Mississippi River Valleys

Question 11

Laos and Cambodia became protectorates of ________ in the 1880s and 1890s.

A)France
B)the United States
C)China
D)Japan

Question 12

During the nineteenth century,the dominant religious group that set the pace for the missionary enterprises that other Western nations imitated was ________.

A)evangelical Protestants from Britain
B)Roman Catholics from the Americas
C)Roman Catholics from Spain,Portugal,and Italy
D)Protestant settlers in British colonies

Question 13

What technological innovation helped Britain win the first Opium War against China?

A)quinine
B)iron steamboat
C)machine gun
D)gunpowder

Question 14

Which country annexed Korea in 1910?

A)China
B)Japan
C)Britain
D)the United States

Question 15

The first transatlantic submarine cable was laid in ________.

A)1850
B)1866
C)1872
D)1900

Question 16

Russian expansion into which region came at the expense of the Ottoman Empire and Persia?

A)the Transcaucasus
B)the Far East
C)Central Asia
D)southern Middle Asia

Question 17

What was "gunboat diplomacy"?

A)iron warships that used force to conquer areas and allow access by European merchants
B)iron warships that used their presence to ensure the cooperation of local rulers with European merchants
C)negotiations between European merchants and local rulers that took place on warships
D)naval fleets of European powers that engaged in warfare with other European powers

Question 18

The period historians call the New Imperialism began in the ________.

A)1810s
B)1840s
C)1870s
D)1910s

Question 19

India was formally ruled by which of the following until 1857?

A)small local rulers of independent states
B)the Mughal emperor
C)the East India Company
D)the British crown

Question 20

The single most important weapon in colonial warfare by 1900 was ________.

A)the machine gun
B)the tank
C)the bayonet
D)European diseases

Question 21

Britain ________ from its rule of India.

A)benefited economically
B)never benefited economically
C)suffered great losses
D)failed to recoup its investments

Question 22

Missionaries were most active in providing ________ to non-Westerners.

A)education
B)economic development
C)health care
D)community development

Question 23

The Government of India Act in 1858 ________.

A)increased the authority of native rulers
B)improved the sepoys' wages and working conditions
C)transferred political authority from the East India Company to the British Crown
D)transferred political authority from the East India Company to India

Question 24

The Opium Wars were a conflict between Britain's desire to sell a product in China and China's opposition to ________.

A)British trade policies
B)Indian goods being sold in China
C)Britain's dominance in foreign markets
D)the import of an addictive product,opium

Question 25

Which of the following statements about Indians' views of British rule during the 1880s is true?

A)Most Indians welcomed and supported British rule.
B)Most Indians resisted British rule and considered it oppressive
C)Increasing discontent led to calls for liberalizing British policies.
D)Hindu and Muslim groups called for the formation of independent Hindu and Muslim states.

Question 26

The British Empire in the early nineteenth century sought to extend its power and influence primarily through which means?

A)conquering additional territory
B)building railroads and canals
C)defeating small Asian and African states
D)promoting imperialism through free trade

Question 27

One of the main legacies of the missionary movements of the eighteenth century is they ________.

A)spread Western civilizations around the globe
B)elevated the native peoples of non-Western regions
C)made Christianity a genuinely worldwide religion
D)encouraged native peoples to oppose imperialism

Question 28

Which of the following territories remained an independent nation in 1914?

A)Algeria
B)Libya
C)Ethiopia
D)Tunisia

Question 29

By 1914,which of the following was true?

A)British colonization touched North,South,East,and West AfricA.
B)The Portuguese dominated Madagascar.
C)American colonization was dominant in southern Africa.
D)No foreign powers had direct access to the Nile River.

Question 30

The largest missionary society in ________ had over a million members.

A)the United States
B)France
C)Germany
D)Britain

Question 31

Missionaries in India founded colleges that educated ________.

A)men and women belonging to the elite classes
B)men belonging to the elite classes
C)the children of colonial administrators
D)women belonging to the elite classes

Question 32

Which of the following was an outcome of British imperial policies in the first half of the nineteenth century?

A)war with China over forced importation of opium
B)war against France over keeping China open for free trade
C)establishment of a trade embargo against European goods
D)restrictions on trade with the United States

Question 33

Which of the following statements about British involvement in slavery and the slave trade is true?

A)Britain banned the slave trade in 1807 and abolished it in its own colonies in 1833-1834.
B)Britain banned the slave trade and abolished it in its own colonies in 1833-1834.
C)Britain banned the slave trade in 1807 but never abolished it in its own colonies.
D)Britain did not participate in the slave trade but it allowed slavery in its own colonies until 1834.

Question 34

One of the primary motives for the New Imperialism was the ________.

A)need for new sources of raw materials
B)belief that an empire was necessary for a great power
C)desire to bring Western values to non-Western areas
D)desire to promote Christianity among non-Westerners

Question 35

Why did British economic thinkers advocate abandoning closed imperial systems in favor of free trade?

A)Britain's manufacturing capacity exceeded the demands of the population.
B)Britain's manufacturing economy was dependent on foreign raw materials.
C)Britain wanted more favorable trade agreements for its import of raw materials.
D)Britain wanted to decrease its manufacturing costs.

Question 36

The close of European colonization in the Americas resulted in ________.

A)Great Britain's loss of all of its territory in the Americas
B)the collapse of Spain and Portugal as significant colonial powers
C)increased European competition for new colonial settlements
D)the abolition of the slave trade

Question 37

Most of the empires of the New Imperialism ________.

A)were less enduring than those of the earlier European empires
B)lasted less than a decade
C)were located along the Atlantic Ocean
D)involved a significant number of immigrants as settlers

Question 38

Prior to 1870,which of the following was the greatest threat to British domination of foreign markets?

A)increased competition by major European nations
B)resistance to British goods by native populations in foreign markets
C)opposition to British imperialism in Africa,Asia,and the Americas
D)government interference in the form of tariffs,subsidies,and price controls

Question 39

Which French physician measured the skulls of human beings from different races and assigned them intellectual capacity on the basis of brain size?

A)Walter Reed
B)Carlos Finley
C)Paul Broca
D)James Cook

Question 40

One of the ways nineteenth-century imperialism differed from early modern colonization was ________.

A)it placed a higher focus on gaining control of territory
B)the United States' power rivaled that of Great Britain
C)European nations increased their interest in the non-Western world
D)Britain became interested in the non-Western world

Question 41

Following the first Opium War,Britain gained control of ________.

Question 42

Britain retained control of which of these settler colonies in the nineteenth century?

A)Canada
B)New Zealand
C)Australia
D)all of the above

Question 43

Which best describes the ultimate outcome of the Russian wars of conquest in Central Asia?

A)They brought about a vast expansion of Russian wealth and influence in Europe.
B)They ended with the defeat of Chinese and British client states.
C)They resulted in formal Russian control but much hostility and resistance to Russian rule.
D)They ended with Persia and the Ottoman Empire in strong positions on Russia's flanks.

Question 44

Which of these was used by Russia to justify its expansion in the Transcaucasus?

A)protection of fellow Christians
B)protection of Jews in the region
C)protection of oppressed minorities suffering under Turkish rule
D)the weak state of the Ottoman Empire

Question 45

Until the mid-nineteenth century,European colonists were largely confined to coastal outposts in Asia and Africa for which of the following reasons?

A)Local groups violently resisted European colonizing power.
B)Europeans were highly vulnerable to tropical diseases in these regions.
C)Fighting among states in Europe drew attention away from colonizing enterprises.
D)Steamboats and warships could not penetrate shallow riverbeds in Asia and Africa.

Question 46

An arrangement in which a Western nation received special commercial and legal privileges in a non-Western region,city,or territory without direct political involvement is known as a ________.

Question 47

The most extensive resistance to European imperial power in the nineteenth century,the ________,broke out against British rule in India in 1857.

Question 48

Anthropologists in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries did which of the following?

A)They viewed non-Western peoples as roughly the same as Westerners in intelligence.
B)They sought to create new universities in non-Western societies to support research.
C)They pointed out similar folkways between Western and non-Western societies.
D)They created zoo-like "native villages" for people in Europe and America.

Question 49

How were the goals of the Russian expansion across mainland Asia similar to those of the early Victorian British administration of India?

A)Both sought to elevate the native people on the ladder of civilization.
B)Both used diplomacy to gain the elites' loyalty to the tsar or British Crown.
C)Both sought to convert indigenous groups to Christianity.
D)Both sought to gain economic and political domination without actual direct rule or government administration.

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true concerning colonization in Asia from 1880-1914?

A)French influence in Vietnam declined by 1914.
B)Japanese influence in Asia declined by 1914.
C)British dominance in Asia declined by 1914.
D)American influence in southern Asia increased by 1914.

Question 51

Indian Hindus organized the ________ in 1885 with the goals of modernizing Indian life and liberalizing British policy.

Question 52

The Europeans' power attempt to maximize their strategic control of African territory,markets,and raw materials was known as ________.

A)the Scramble for Africa
B)the Amazing Race
C)Realpolitik
D)Machiavellianism

Question 53

Reasons for increased missionary activity in Asia and Africa in the 1800s included which of the following?

A)Missionaries were interested in bringing the wisdom of other civilizations back to Europe.
B)African and Asian rulers accepted a missionary presence in exchange for greater trade.
C)New evangelical currents were developing among European Protestants.
D)The Catholic Church in France was experiencing a decline after the fall of Napoleon.

Question 54

The ________ closed the Americas to European colonization.

Question 55

Which of the following best expresses the British rationale for ruling India in the nineteenth century?

A)The rationale for rule shifted among all of these ideas over time.
B)Britain could bring orderly administration to a chaotic land.
C)Missionaries could spread Christianity among Hindus and Muslims.
D)British enlightenment values would bring civilization to India.

Question 56

Historians have traditionally explained the New Imperialism as driven by the need for markets and raw materials.Which of the following weakens this explanation?

A)colonies' weakness as markets for the great imperial nations
B)Lenin's argument that competition eventually eliminates inefficient capitalists
C)Hobson's argument that European economies be restructured to make imperialism unnecessary
D)Marx's views on capitalism

Question 57

Botanists played a profound role in which of the following imperial ventures?

A)They transformed local crop production to serve the needs of the empires' home countries.
B)They served as spokesmen for the idea that empires helped bring progress.
C)They introduced Asian crops into Europe,replacing the crops of the 1700s.
D)They collected exotic species of the non-Western world and exhibited them to domestic audiences.

Question 58

The church founded by David Brown Vincent exemplifies which of these?

A)African rejection of Christian churches.
B)Devolution of church leadership to homegrown leaders.
C)The failure of European Christian churches in Africa.
D)The ascendancy of Islam in northern Africa.

Question 59

The Imperialism of Free Trade saw European powers dominate colonial nations through __________.

A)military power
B)economic influence
C)missionary activity
D)lending practices

Question 60

In 1898,British- and French-led forces encountered each other at the outpost of ________,but did not decisively engage each other.

A)Omdurman
B)Lagos
C)Aduwa
D)Fashoda

Question 61

Analyze the relationship between the effort to spread Christianity through missionary activity and the rise of European imperial ambitions during the nineteenth century.When did missionary goals complement imperial goals,and when did the two sets of goals diverge? Which project had a more enduring impact on the peoples of Asia and Africa?

Question 62

Why did the tsars extend Russia's power and influence over central and eastern Asia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? How successful were they in doing so,and why?

Question 63

Compare and contrast the origins,meaning,and effects of missionary activity sent by Protestant nations with those sent by Catholic ones.Which groups had a greater impact on life in Africa and Asia,and why?

Question 64

British and Russian rivalry over Central Asia ended with ________.

Question 65

Japan became a major imperial power in Asia in 1895 after defeating ________.

Question 66

How did major technological changes in the West help drive imperialism during the nineteenth century?

Question 67

An arrangement in which a Western nation placed officials in a foreign state to oversee its government without formally assuming responsibility for its administration is known as a ________.

Question 68

To preserve their political power and economic privileges,the white elite of South Africa eventually enforced a policy of racial ________,or "separateness."

Question 69

How did British trade and imperial policies seek to benefit the home country? Compare and contrast several policies for ruling and controlling the empire,and explain how they furthered the empire's underlying goals.

Question 70

Compare and contrast the features that distinguished the "new" from the "old" imperialism.How much of a departure was the "new" imperialism from previous attempts at imperial dominance?

Question 71

Analyze the scientific areas of research during the nineteenth century,and answer the question: Was scientific research controlled by imperialist motives? Draw on at least one example from botany,zoology,medicine,or anthropology to explain the relationship between science and imperialism during these years.

Question 72

The theory of the multiple origins of the races of humankind was known as ________.

Question 73

U.S.support for Cuba's revolt led to the ________.

Question 74

What explains the similarities and differences between the ways various European states acquired and ruled empires in Africa during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Question 75

How did European control of Africa affect the lives of people in Africa? Discuss the specific social,political,economic,and demographic effects of European control and colonization in at least two different colonies.

Question 76

At the battle of ________,11,000 Sudanese troops were killed and 16,000 were wounded,compared to only 48 British troops lost.

Question 77

How did changes in the natural and social sciences serve to justify European imperialism? Explain how changes in different scientific disciplines related to each other in reinforcing European judgments of Asian and African peoples.

Question 78

The single greatest obstacle to European penetration of inland sub-Saharan Africa was ________.

Question 79

In ________,Europeans could experience different parts of their nation's empires in a pleasant setting of flowerbeds,trees,and greenhouses.

Question 80

Power vacuums created by the decay of the ________ led to many of the territorial acquisitions associated with the New Imperialism.