Deck 37: Coronary Artery Disease: Lipid Metabolism

Question 1

Which of the following lipoprotein profiles would be indicative of the laboratory presentation of Tangier disease?

A)increased VLDL, increased LDL, increased HDL
B)absent VLDL, increased LDL, normal HDL
C)normal VLDL, absent LDL, normal HDL
D)normal VLDL, normal LDL, absent HDL

Answer 1

normal VLDL, normal LDL, absent HDL

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of fat absorption?

A)In the intraluminal phase, dietary fats are modified both physically and chemically before absorption.
B)During the cellular phase, absorbed lipids are carried from the mucosal cell to other tissues through the lymphatics and blood.
C)During the transport phase, digested material is transported into intestinal mucosal cells, where it is reassembled into its preabsorptive form.
D)All of the above statements are true of fat absorption.

Answer 2

In the intraluminal phase, dietary fats are modified both physically and chemically before absorption.

Question 3

A patient has a triglyceride level of 234 mg/dL.This would be what when converted to mmol/L?

A)2.64 mmol/L
B)2.70 mmol/L
C)3.40 mmol/L
D)3.50 mmol/L

Answer 3

2.64 mmol/L

Question 4

Atherosclerotic plaque formation occurs in three progressive states.What is the correct order of these stages?
1)the complicated lesion
2)the fatty streaks
3)the fibrous plaque

A)1, 2, 3
B)2, 3, 1
C)3, 1, 2
D)3, 2, 1

Question 5

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding apoproteins?

A)Apoprotein A-1 is essential for the formation and secretion of chylomicrons.
B)Apoprotein B-100 serves as a ligand for LDL binding to receptors.
C)Apoprotein C-II serves as an activator of LPL activity.
D)Apoprotein E serves as a ligand for chylomicron and VLDL remnant binding to receptors.

Question 6

Which of the following are optimal fasting levels, based on Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines?
1)total cholesterol of less than 200 mg/dL
2)LDL cholesterol of greater than 100 mg/dL
3)HDL cholesterol of less than 40 mg/dL
4)triglycerides of less than 150 mg/dL

A)1, 2
B)2, 3
C)3, 4
D)1, 4

Question 7

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the rate-determining step of endogenous cholesterol synthesis?

A)acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)
B)lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)
C)3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase
D)Cholesteryl ester transferase (CEsT)

Question 8

Which of the following components of a lipoprotein profile is most affected by a nonfasting specimen?

A)total cholesterol
B)HDL cholesterol
C)LDL cholesterol measured by a direct method
D)triglycerides

Question 9

The following data provide laboratory evidence of which lipoprotein abnormality?
Total cholesterol - decreased, triglycerides - decreased
Apoprotein B - decreased
Vitamin E - decreased
Red blood cell morphology - acanthocytosis

A)Tangier disease
B)Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency
C)Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia
D)Abetalipoproteinemia

Question 10

A plasma sample with triglycerides at a level of 100 mg/dL is expected to have a ______ appearance, a level of 175 mg/dL is expected to have a ______ appearance, and a level of 350 mg/dL is expected to have a ______ appearance.

A)clear, hazy, opaque
B)clear, clear, hazy
C)hazy, hazy, opaque
D)hazy, opaque, opaque

Question 11

The National Institutes of Health National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines recommend which of the following series of tests should be included in a lipoprotein profile on all adults 20 years and older every 5 years.

A)fasting profile, to include total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides
B)nonfasting profile, to include total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides
C)fasting total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol
D)nonfasting total cholesterol and triglycerides

Question 12

Which plasma lipoprotein has the following physical and chemical characteristics?
Electrophoretic mobility - pre-beta
Cholesterol composition - 22%
Triglycerides composition - 52%
Phospholipid composition - 18%
Apoprotein - 2%

A)Chylomicrons
B)VLDL
C)LDL
D)HDL

Question 13

Cholesterol is essential for normal functioning of the body because
1)it is an essential structural component of cell membranes.
2)it is an important source of immediate energy for the heart and brain.
3)it is an important precursor of bile acids.

A)1, 2, 3
B)1, 2
C)1, 3
D)2, 3

Question 14

During fasting, the blood glucose concentration is expected to ______, insulin concentration is expected to ______, and hepatic VLDL triglyceride synthesis is expected to ______.

A)increase, decrease, decrease
B)decrease, decrease, decrease
C)increase, increase, increase
D)decrease, increase, increase

Question 15

At birth, serum cholesterol levels are approximately ______, and the level steadily increases with age at a rate of approximately ______ per year.

A)65 mg/dL, 1.5 mg/dL
B)50 mg/dL, 2.5 mg/dL
C)65 mg/dL, 2.5 mg/dL
D)50 mg/dL, 1.5 mg/dL

Question 16

Dietary-derived and newly synthesized hepatic triglycerides are coupled with which of the following to form VLDL?

A)phospholipid
B)cholesterol
C)proteins
D)all of the above

Question 17

The following laboratory data is associated with which lipoprotein electrophoretic pattern?
Standing plasma test - normal
Total cholesterol - 3+ increase
Triglycerides - normal

A)increase in chylomicrons
B)increase in beta lipoprotein
C)increase in pre-beta lipoprotein
D)increase in beta and pre-beta lipoproteins with bridging