Deck 44: Pregnancy and Fetal Development

Question 1

Which of the following clotting factors are increased during pregnancy?
1)VII
2)VIII
3)IX
4)XII

A)1, 2, 3, 4
B)1, 2, 3
C)1, 3, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Answer 1

1, 2, 3

Question 2

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG:
1)regulates ovulation and subsequent formation of the corpus luteum
2)provides continued stimulation of the corpus luteum to ensure uninterrupted progesterone production
3)can be detected in maternal serum 6 to 9 days following conception
4)concentrations peak between 10 and 12 weeks

A)1, 2
B)2, 3
C)3, 4
D)2, 4

Answer 2

2, 3

Question 3

Which of the following tests is used in the diagnosis of neural tube defects?

A)human chorionic gonadotropin
B)follicle-stimulating hormone
C)luteinizing hormone
D)acetylcholinesterase

Answer 3

acetylcholinesterase

Question 4

High-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein ratios ______ with increasing duration of pregnancy, and HDL levels will be ______ up to 1 year after pregnancy.

A)increase, increased
B)decrease, decreased
C)increase, decreased
D)decrease, increased

Question 5

The laboratory results below suggest which of the following clinical conditions?
Α-Fetoprotein - decreased
Β-Human chorionic gonadotropin - increased
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A - decreased

A)neural tube defect
B)Down syndrome
C)cystic fibrosis
D)muscular dystrophy

Question 6

What blood group is the most common cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A)ABO
B)Rh
C)Kell
D)Duffy

Question 7

The units for α-fetoprotein measurements are:

A)mg/L
B)μg/L
C)mmol/L
D)MoM

Question 8

What is the cutoff level for neonatal bilirubin that serves to differentiate transient neonatal hyperbilirubinemia from potentially pathological hyperbilirubinemia during the first week of life of a full-term infant?

A)5 mg/dL
B)10 mg/dL
C)12 mg/dL
D)17 mg/dL

Question 9

Physiological jaundice occurs in the newborn as a result of which of the following actions being slow to develop after birth?

A)the ability of the liver to remove unconjugated bilirubin from the blood stream
B)the ability of the liver to conjugate bilirubin
C)the ability of the liver to excrete bilirubin
D)all of the above

Question 10

Infants with hemolytic disease of the newborn should have which hematological and biochemical tests performed on the cord blood?
1)direct bilirubin
2)direct Coombs
3)hemoglobin
4)total bilirubin

A)1, 2, 3, 4
B)1, 2, 3
C)1, 2, 4
D)1, 3, 4

Question 11

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is most frequently identified by the complaint of mild to severe ______ by the expectant mother.Laboratory diagnosis can be made by an increased level/activity of serum ______, which is the cause for the complaint.

A)headaches, glucose
B)itching, bile acids
C)hypertension, potassium
D)edema, hepatic enzymes

Question 12

The method of choice for the laboratory measurement of phospholipids such as lecithin, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylglycerol in evaluating fetal lung maturity is:

A)UV/visible spectrophotometry
B)nephelometry
C)thin-layer chromatography
D)ion-selective electrodes

Question 13

A patient's initial plasma hCG level is 2250 IU/L, but 48 hours later it is 3375 IU/L, and another 48 hours later it is 4500 IU/L.These data provide laboratory evidence of which type of pregnancy?

A)molar pregnancy
B)ectopic pregnancy
C)normal pregnancy
D)There is not enough information to make a distinction.

Question 14

Given the following laboratory data, which is most likely associated with fetal lung immaturity in a blood-contaminated amniotic fluid sample?

A)L/S ratio = 1.5, PG = negative
B)L/S ratio = 2.0, PG = positive
C)L/S ratio = 2.7, PG = negative
D)L/S ratio = 1.0, PG = positive

Question 15

The fluorescent polarization method for assessing fetal lung maturity measures which of the following ratios?

A)lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio
B)lecithin to phosphatidylglycerol ratio
C)phosphatidylglycerol to lecithin ratio
D)lung surfactant to albumin ratio

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true regarding fetal fibronectin?

A)The test is performed on amniotic fluid.
B)A low (or negative) test result suggests a high likelihood of preterm delivery.
C)A high (or positive) test result suggests a low likelihood of delivery within 14 days.
D)The test is performed on a vaginal fluid sample.

Question 17

Amniotic-fluid bilirubin serves as an important indicator of hemolytic disease in the developing fetus.Which of the following laboratory techniques is used to measure amniotic-fluid bilirubin levels?

A)fluorometry
B)spectrophotometry
C)chromatography
D)fluorescence polarization

Question 18

Suppose an amniotic fluid sample is contaminated with blood.Which of the following steps should be taken by the laboratory to provide an accurate assessment of fetal lung maturity?

A)Determine the lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio by chromatography.
B)Determine the phosphatidylglycerol level by chromatography.
C)Determine the surfactant-to-albumin ratio by fluorescence polarization assay.
D)Either a or c would provide an accurate assessment of fetal lung maturity.