Deck 46: Extravascular Biological Fluids

Question 1

The major distinguishing factor between transudates and exudates is the _________ content of the fluid.

A)glucose
B)protein
C)lipid
D)sodium

Answer 1

protein

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of transudates?
1)They are caused by inflammation.
2)They are caused by disturbances of hydrostatic pressure.
3)They are caused by disturbances of colloid osmotic pressure.
4)They are caused by increased capillary permeability.

A)1, 2
B)2, 3
C)3, 4
D)1, 4

Answer 2

2, 3

Question 3

A ______ is a surgical procedure in which pleural fluid is obtained by a puncture of the chest wall.______ is aspiration of fluid from a cavity.______ refers to pus in the pleural cavity.

A)paracentesis, Empyema, Thoracentesis
B)thoracentesis, Paracentesis, Empyema
C)paracentesis, Thoracentesis, Empyema
D)thoracentesis, Empyema, Paracentesis

Answer 3

thoracentesis, Paracentesis, Empyema

Question 4

Of the laboratory tests that may be used to make a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, which shows the greatest diagnostic sensitivity?

A)erythrocyte sedimentation rate
B)C-reactive protein
C)rheumatoid factor
D)antinuclear antibodies

Question 5

A pleural fluid with a pH of ______ is indicative that the cause for the exudate will resolve spontaneously, whereas a pH of ______ indicates a need for intervention.

A)>7.30, <7.20
B)<7.20, >7.30
C)>7.40, <7.30
D)<7.30, >7.40

Question 6

Given the following laboratory data, determine the classification of synovial fluid.
Volume: 3.8 mL
Color: yellow green
Viscosity: low
Leukocytes (cells/µL): 59,000
Neutrophils (%): 81
Culture: positive

A)noninflammatory
B)inflammatory
C)septic
D)hemorrhagic

Question 7

Which of the following markers are helpful in the differential diagnosis of a ruptured urinary bladder after abdominal trauma?
1)urea nitrogen
2)alkaline phosphatase
3)lipase
4)creatinine

A)1, 2
B)2, 3
C)3, 4
D)1, 4

Question 8

Effusions can form when capillary permeability ______, hydrostatic pressure ______, colloid osmotic pressure ______, or lymphatic drainage is obstructed.

A)decreases, decreases, increases
B)increases, decreases, increases
C)increases, increases, decreases
D)decreases, increases, decreases

Question 9

In pleural fluid, a transudate would have a specific gravity of:

A)³ 1.015
B)³ 1.020
C)<1.015
D)<1.020

Question 10

Given the following laboratory data, determine what type of fluid is being examined and whether it is a transudate or an exudate.
Appearance: cloudy
Fibrinogen: clots
Specific gravity: 1.018
Total protein: 35 g/L
Total protein (fluid/serum): 0.07

A)pleural-fluid exudate
B)pleural-fluid transudate
C)peritoneal-fluid exudate
D)peritoneal-fluid transudate

Question 11

Which of the following statements about synovial fluids are true?

A)In synovia, leukocyte count is used to distinguish noninflammatory from inflammatory fluids.
B)Total protein is not included in the routine exam of synovial fluids.
C)Anticoagulants may be necessary for specimen collection.
D)All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is/are associated with inflammatory joint disease?

A)decreased viscosity of synovial fluid
B)presence of clots in synovial fluid
C)increased number of neutrophils in synovial fluid
D)all of the above

Question 13

Which of the following would be indicated by a pleural fluid with a protein of 33 g/L and a glucose of 400 mg/L?

A)pleural fluid exudate with a bacterial infection
B)pleural fluid exudate with an elevated osmotic pressure
C)pleural fluid transudate with a bacterial infection
D)pleural fluid transudate with an elevated osmotic pressure

Question 14

Why is the measurement of uric acid in synovial fluid considered to be of no diagnostic value in gout?

A)Uric acid is not found in synovial fluid.
B)Uric acid exists as crystals in synovial fluid and cannot be quantified.
C)Uric acid in synovial fluid is approximately the same as in serum.
D)Uric acid is not important in the diagnosis of gout.

Question 15

Which of the following statements are true of normal synovial fluid?
1)It acts as a lubricant to minimize the friction between bones during movement or weight bearing.
2)It provides the sole nutrition for cartilage.
3)It is a dialysate of plasma mixed with hyaluronic acid.
4)It contains fibrinogen, and spontaneous clotting can occur.

A)1, 2, 3
B)1, 2, 4
C)1, 3, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Question 16

The following diseases are associated with what classification of synovial fluid?
Gout
Pseudogout
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus

A)noninflammatory
B)inflammatory
C)septic
D)hemorrhagic

Question 17

A laboratory analysis of pleural fluid should include:
1)total protein level
2)glucose level
3)amylase level
4)lipase level

A)1, 2, 3
B)1, 2, 4
C)1, 3, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Question 18

Which of the following factors are important in the production of serous fluid?
1)hydrostatic pressure
2)colloid osmotic pressure
3)capillary permeability

A)1, 2, 3
B)1, 2
C)2, 3
D)1, 3