Deck 50: The Gonads

Question 1

What hormone controls the conversion of androgens to estrogens?

A)LH
B)FSH
C)testosterone
D)dihydrotestosterone

Answer 1

FSH

Question 2

The central medulla region of the ovary consists of which of the following?

A)stroma
B)germinal epithelium
C)follicles
D)all of the above

Answer 2

stroma

Question 3

Which of the following series of laboratory results may be observed in an infertile man?

A)normal LH, FSH, and testosterone
B)elevated serum gonadotropins and a low testosterone level
C)elevated FSH, normal LH, and low/normal testosterone
D)all of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

In the postmenopausal state, there is a 10- to15-fold increase in circulating ______, a 4- to 5-fold increase in ___ __, and a more than 90% decrease in circulating ______.

A)FSH, LH, estradiol
B)LH, FSH, estradiol
C)estradiol, LH, FSH
D)estradiol, FSH, LH

Question 5

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates which of the following?

A)the synthesis and storage of gonadotropins
B)movement of gonadotropins from a reserve pool ready for secretion
C)immediate release of FSH and LH
D)all of the above

Question 6

Which laboratory test is commonly used to assess luteal function?

A)LH
B)FSH
C)progesterone
D)estradiol

Question 7

The ovary is composed of what cell types?
1)coelomic epithelial cells
2)granulosa cells
3)mesenchymal cells
4)primordial germ cells

A)1, 2, 3
B)1, 2, 4
C)1, 3, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Question 8

The clinical problem of amenorrhea may be defined by which of the following criteria?
1)no period by age 14 in the absence of growth or development of secondary sex characteristics
2)no period by age 16, regardless of the presence of normal growth and development with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics
3)in a woman who has been menstruating, the absence of periods for a length of time equivalent to a total of at least 3 of the previous cycle intervals or 6 months of amenorrhea

A)1, 2, 3
B)1, 2
C)2, 3
D)1, 3

Question 9

Classical symptoms of the menopause such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and urinary frequency are thought to result from ____________.

A)decreased FSH levels
B)decreased LH levels
C)decreased estradiol levels
D)all of the above

Question 10

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a b-globulin synthesized by the liver and exhibits _________ binding of testosterone and estradiol in the blood stream.

A)low-affinity and low-capacity
B)low-affinity and high-capacity
C)high-affinity and high-capacity
D)high-affinity and low-capacity

Question 11

Which of the following are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
1)menstrual irregularity
2)elevated serum androgen levels
3)decreased muscle mass
4)deepened voice

A)1, 2, 3
B)1, 2, 4
C)1, 3, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true regarding cell types involved in the formation of the testes?

A)mesenchymal cells which differentiate into the Sertoli cells
B)coelomic epithelial cells which give rise to the interstitial (Leydig) cells
C)primordial germ cells which remain quiescent until puberty, when they divide by mitosis to form spermatogonia
D)all of the above

Question 13

All patients with elevated _______________ in association with amenorrhea and/or galactorrhea require radiological imaging of the pituitary.

A)FSH
B)LH
C)estradiol
D)prolactin

Question 14

Of the circulating testosterone in normal men, the majority is ______________.

A)loosely bound to albumin
B)free
C)bound to cortisol-binding globulin
D)bound with high affinity to sex hormone-binding globulin

Question 15

Which androgens are capable of interacting with the androgen receptor?
1)testosterone
2)dihydrotestosterone
3)dehydroepiandrosterone
4)androstenedione

A)1, 2
B)2, 3
C)3, 4
D)1, 4

Question 16

Which of the following are true of progestagens?
1)They promote the development of the female secondary sex characteristics.
2)They are the precursor of all the ovarian steroid hormones.
3)They are the primary secretory product of the corpus luteum
4)They are required for the induction of secretory activity in an estrogen-primed uterus..

A)1, 2, 3
B)1, 2, 4
C)1, 3, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Question 17

In the negative-feedback regulation of androgens, which of the following functions to inhibit the production of FSH?

A)testosterone
B)5-α-aromatase
C)LH
D)inhibin

Question 18

Which of the following laboratory test results of a semen analysis is associated with impaired fertility?

A)25 million/mL total sperm count
B)sperm motility of 45%
C)oval morphology of 55%
D)semen volume 0.7 mL