Deck 53: Neoplasia

Question 1

Select the correct order for the four phases of cancer.
1)dissemination
2)invasion
3)induction
4)in situ

A)3, 4, 2, 1
B)4, 3, 1, 2
C)1, 2, 3, 4
D)1, 3, 4, 2

Answer 1

3, 4, 2, 1

Question 2

Which class of tumors is the most aggressive and has the worst prognosis?

A)well differentiated
B)moderately well differentiated
C)moderately differentiated
D)poorly differentiated

Answer 2

poorly differentiated

Question 3

Which gene(s) has/have been identified as most likely to contribute to an inherited susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer?

A)BRCA1
B)BRCA2
C)BRCA3
D)both a and b

Answer 3

both a and b

Question 4

Why are cancers of white blood cells more common than heart cancers?

A)White blood cells proliferate.
B)White blood cells have less protection against cancer development than heart cells.
C)Blood flow through the heart prevents heart cancers.
D)The heart has natural immunity to cancer development.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of oncogenes?

A)When activated inappropriately, it will result in the transition from normal cells to a wildly proliferating, uncontrolled cell mass that characterizes cancer.
B)Oncogenes act in a dominant fashion.
C)The majority of oncogenes are the result of mutations of normal cell regulatory genes.
D)All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following tests may be selected for screening for cancers?

A)mammography
B)PSA
C)occult blood
D)all of the above

Question 7

Which of the following are characteristic of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia?
1)decreased levels of monoclonal IgM in the serum
2)excess lymphoplasmacytoid cells in the bone marrow
3)involvement of visceral organs, including the liver and spleen

A)1, 2, 3
B)2, 3
C)1, 3
D)1, 2

Question 8

CA-125 is elevated in the serum of patients with __________.

A)colorectal cancer
B)breast cancer
C)ovarian cancer
D)prostate cancer

Question 9

What test is used to assess the prognosis of patients with breast cancer?

A)estrogen receptor assay
B)CA-125
C)progesterone receptor assay
D)both a and c

Question 10

Cancer has been described as a multistage genetic process.Put the following stages in the correct order.
1)growing of mutant cells
2)chromosome breakdown and rearrangement
3)DNA damage
4)gene replication

A)1, 2, 3, 4
B)3, 2, 4, 1
C)1, 4, 2, 3
D)3, 1, 4, 2

Question 11

The following are characteristics of what class of multiple myeloma?
No M-protein in serum and/or urine with immunofixation
Bone marrow clonal plasma cells >10% or plasmacytoma
Related organ or tissue impairment (end-organ damage, including bone lesions)

A)symptomatic multiple myeloma
B)nonsecretory multiple myeloma
C)asymptomatic multiple myeloma
D)MGUS

Question 12

Which of the following play a role in determining a cancer's ability to invade surrounding tissue?

A)decreased motility of cells
B)decreased pressure within the tumor caused by active multiplication of the cells
C)decreased cohesiveness between cells
D)all of the above

Question 13

Apoptosis:
1)serves two functions in the body, cell termination and homeostasis
2)can occur when a cell is damaged beyond repair
3)can occur when a cell undergoes stress conditions such as starvation
4)the signal for apoptosis can only come from within the cell

A)1, 2, 3, 4
B)1, 3, 4
C)1, 2, 3
D)2, 3, 4

Question 14

Protein electrophoresis is helpful when what disease state is suspected?

A)multiple myeloma
B)Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
C)MGUS
D)all of the above

Question 15

Diagnosis of multiple myeloma is made by which of the following criteria?
1)a monoclonal M protein in the plasma or urine
2)infiltration of plasma cells in the bone marrow
3)lytic lesions on radiographs of the skeleton
4)hypocalcemia

A)1, 2, 3
B)1, 2, 4
C)1, 3, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Question 16

During which phase of cancer does the transformed cell actually develop into a cancer, but the cancer remains in the original site?

A)dissemination
B)invasion
C)induction
D)in situ

Question 17

The only tumor marker currently approved for screening of the general population is _________.

A)PSA
B)CEA
C)PAP
D)AFP

Question 18

Select the correct sequence of steps that must occur for the development of colorectal cancer.
1)Mutations of tumor suppressor gene 53 and deletions on chromosome 18q coincide with transition to malignancy.
2)Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (AOC) tumor-suppressor gene occur early in the development of polyps.
3)Oncogenic K-ras mutations arise during the adenomatous stage.

A)1, 2, 3
B)2, 3, 1
C)3, 1, 2
D)2, 1, 3