Deck 17: Foreign Policy

Question 1

The United States' operating on its own to engage in antiterrorism operations in Pakistan is an example of a unilateral action.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The rise of internationalism as a guiding principle in U.S. foreign policy can be evidenced in U.S. efforts to create the United Nations in 1945.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Invading Afghanistan in response to the September 11, 2001, attacks is an example of the Bush Doctrine.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

At one time, America had a strictly isolationist foreign policy.

Question 5

Foreign trade is a very small part of the American economy today.

Question 6

The National Security Council primarily assists the U.S. Congress by keeping the legislative branch informed of national security threats.

Question 7

U.S. foreign policy prior to World War I was largely isolationist in nature.

Question 8

Foreign policy includes issues that concern human rights.

Question 9

________ is the idea that the United States should be involved with other countries, due to both self-interest and moral obligation.

A) Internationalism
C) Isolationism
B) Realism
D) Nationalism

Question 10

Numerous nations have sought to facilitate peace negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians. This is an example of ________.

A) unilateral action
C) containment
B) multilateral action
D) détente

Question 11

An internationalist would support U.S. efforts to provide humanitarian aid to people in a foreign nation engulfed in a civil war, even if other nations were unwilling to help.

Question 12

The United Kingdom, China, France, Russia, and the United States serve on the United Nations Security Council.

Question 13

Interest groups play a very small role in foreign policy because foreign governments are prohibited from lobbying.

Question 14

The U.S. policy of containment during the Cold War represented the United States' attempt to enforce the Monroe Doctrine.

Question 15

________ is the idea that the United States should refrain from getting involved with other countries.

A) Internationalism
C) Isolationism
B) Realism
D) Nationalism

Question 16

Between 1945 and the Vietnam War, architects of U.S. foreign policy primarily had an isolationist viewpoint.

Question 17

North Korea currently belongs to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Question 18

Idealists might favor action against the Syrian government because they believe the United States is morally obligated to protect innocent civilians from violence and to uphold human rights.

Question 19

U.S. antiterrorism actions that are not coordinated with other nations are an example of ________.

A) unilateral action
C) containment
B) multilateral action
D) détente

Question 20

NATO disbanded when the Soviet Union dissolved.

Question 21

________ is the idea that U.S. foreign policy decisions are based on factors that are not related to self-interest, including upholding democratic principles and values.

A) Internationalism
C) Isolationism
B) Realism
D) Idealism

Question 22

Largely associated with the Vietnam War, ________ theory was based on the belief that if South Vietnam fell under communist control, then other nations in Southeast Asia would also fall under communist control.

A) unilateralist
C) mutually assured destruction
B) realist
D) domino

Question 23

Following World War II, some American politicians and scholars argued that the United States would need to be more involved in world affairs to deter future international conflicts. This argument is an example of ________.

A) constructivism
C) internationalism
B) détente
D) containment

Question 24

Under President Richard Nixon, the United States and the Soviet Union opened relations with each other. This process was called ________.

A) perestroika
C) détente
B) unilateralism
D) multilateralism

Question 25

Which one of the following would be an isolationist objection to the United States intervening in Syria?

A) U.S. action would be unlikely to end the human rights violations in Syria.
B) The United States should not be interfering in the affairs of other nations.
C) U.S. action needs to be coordinated with the United Nations.
D) Syria has weapons of mass destruction that it might use on its own people.

Question 26

Although the League of Nations was not successful, it led to the creation of ________.

A) the World Trade Organization
C) the Hague
B) the World Bank
D) the United Nations

Question 27

The 1972 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, which limited the growth of U.S. and Soviet missile forces, was a consequence of ________.

A) perestroika
C) détente
B) unilateralism
D) multilateralism

Question 28

Following World War II, some American politicians and scholars argued that the United States would need to be more involved in world affairs specifically because the United States had a moral obligation to preserve world peace. This argument is an example of ________.

A) constructivism
C) nation building
B) idealism
D) containment

Question 29

________ tend to believe that the United States should avoid making alliances and agreements with other nations.

A) Internationalists
C) Conservatives
B) Liberals
D) Libertarians

Question 30

________ ended World War I.

A) Containment
C) The Yalta Conference
B) The iron curtain
D) The Treaty of Versailles

Question 31

What alliance, organized by the Soviet Union, was formed in 1949 to provide military security to all of its members?

A) the Warsaw Pact
B) NATO
C) the Collective Security Treaty Organization
D) the Central Treaty Organization

Question 32

The Monroe Doctrine followed the foreign policy principle of ________.

A) isolationism
C) constructivism
B) internationalism
D) idealism

Question 33

What alliance, organized by the United States, was formed in 1949 to provide military security to all of its members?

A) the Warsaw Pact
B) NATO
C) the Collective Security Treaty Organization
D) the Central Treaty Organization

Question 34

During the Cold War, what doctrine of military strategy and national security toward the Soviet Union involved the United States maintaining a strong military presence and building a stockpile of nuclear weapons?

A) unilateralism
C) mutually assured destruction
B) détente
D) the domino theory

Question 35

An idealist reason for supporting U.S. action against Syria for human rights violations might be that

A) neither major party would object to intervention.
B) it would be popular with the American public.
C) it is consistent with U.S. moral principles to defend human rights.
D) it would benefit American business interests in Syria.

Question 36

________ is the idea that U.S. foreign policy should be motivated by self-interest and the pursuit of more global power.

A) Internationalism
C) Isolationism
B) Realism
D) Nationalism

Question 37

One issue that started in 1973 with an embargo and was exacerbated by OPEC in 1979 was

A) relations with Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union.
B) Chinese violations of human rights.
C) the price and security of the world's oil supply.
D) North Korea's possession of nuclear weapons.

Question 38

According to some scholars, one way that the United States helped to end the Cold War was by

A) encouraging countries to trade with the Soviet Union.
B) allowing the Soviet Union a spot on the United Nations Security Council.
C) building up the U.S. military, which helped bankrupt the Soviet Union.
D) providing arms to rebels within the Soviet Union.

Question 39

The belief that the United States should use military, diplomatic, and economic means to stop the spread of communism is called ________.

A) containment
C) perestroika
B) isolationism
D) détente

Question 40

The Fourteen Points was a plan developed by ________ to prevent future conflict in Europe by establishing secure borders and promoting democratic principles, among other provisions.

A) Harry Truman
C) Theodore Roosevelt
B) Franklin Roosevelt
D) Woodrow Wilson

Question 41

Some scholars argue that presidents dominate foreign policy as a result of unilateral presidential power. This theory rests on the fact that

A) the Constitution does not set explicit limits on what the president can do.
B) the president is able to set and then control the military budget.
C) the president is both the commander in chief and can declare war.
D) Congress cannot check the power of the president on matters of foreign policy.

Question 42

The House and Senate Intelligence Committees are in charge of

A) writing legislation that deals with foreign policy.
B) providing the president with top-secret intelligence information.
C) directing and advising on military actions against terrorist targets.
D) overseeing the NSA and CIA.

Question 43

What are the responsibilities of the Department of Homeland Security?

A) to provide cooperative services such as fingerprint identification and police training for local law enforcement
B) to order the deployment of military personnel when there is a terrorist threat to the homeland
C) to coordinate intelligence gathering, secure U.S. borders, and prevent terrorist attacks
D) to maintain peacekeeping efforts at home and abroad

Question 44

Which one of the following statements is accurate?

A) The president can declare war in times of crises.
B) Congress has routinely required the president to terminate the use of military force since Watergate.
C) Congress can withhold funding for military actions taken by the president.
D) The speaker of the House of Representatives has the authority to deploy troops if deemed necessary.

Question 45

Which one of the following statements is accurate?

A) The federal facility in Guantánamo, Cuba, is now closed.
B) At the end of 2016, dozens of suspects remained imprisoned in Guantánamo, Cuba, years after they were initially detained.
C) Terrorist suspects have the same rights as American citizens accused of criminal activities.
D) Suspects of terrorism have to be informed of their Miranda rights just like everyone else.

Question 46

An interest group that lobbies Congress to provide more military aid to Israel and to strengthen sanctions against Iran is the ________.

A) National Rifle Association
B) American-Israel Public Affairs Committee
C) Citizens for a Free Middle East
D) Realists Concerned About Israel

Question 47

Federal judges can influence foreign policy by

A) issuing subpoenas to members of the executive branch if the court has reason to believe that the president has violated the Constitution.
B) impeaching and removing members of the president's foreign policy staff.
C) reinstating military officers that the court decides were unjustly fired by the president.
D) ruling that certain laws or presidential actions are unconstitutional.

Question 48

Which one of the following statements is accurate?

A) U.S. forces killed Osama bin Laden in early 2002.
B) Drone attacks are more expensive than conventional attacks.
C) Drone attacks up until now have had little oversight by members of Congress.
D) The use of drones is not a very controversial issue.

Question 49

Which one of the following statements is accurate?

A) The president has the power to both declare war and wage it.
B) The president has more leverage in foreign policy than Congress because she or he has the power of the purse.
C) The president is the dominant actor in U.S. foreign policy.
D) Congress is the dominant actor in U.S. foreign policy.

Question 50

The president's annual budget proposals for federal agencies and departments with foreign policy responsibilities are prepared by officials in the ________.

A) National Security Council
B) State Department
C) Central Intelligence Agency
D) Office of Management and Budget

Question 51

After the Cold War, how did U.S. involvement in foreign affairs change?

A) It shifted increasingly toward realism and away from idealistic concerns.
B) It mostly retreated back to a policy of neutrality and isolationism.
C) It became more centered on human rights and terrorism.
D) It involved large increases in the amount of foreign aid as a percentage of the U.S. budget.

Question 52

What is the principal foreign policy department in the executive branch?

A) the Central Intelligence Agency
B) the Department of Defense
C) the Federal Bureau of Investigation
D) the Department of State

Question 53

What does the clash of civilizations hypothesis emphasize?

A) War is inevitable between nations that have nuclear capabilities.
B) Democracies do not go to war with each other but almost always initiate war with nondemocracies.
C) Terrorism is motivated by hatred of the Western world.
D) Communism is a time-bound governmental system that will inevitably fall when up against democracies with free-market economic systems.

Question 54

The National Security Agency

A) reports directly to the United Nations Security Council.
B) is a foreign policy agency that gathers intelligence and advises the president.
C) is a foreign policy agency that works exclusively with senators on the Select Committee on Intelligence.
D) was a vital part of intelligence gathering during the Cold War but was eliminated by President Barack Obama.

Question 55

What do the Committee on Foreign Affairs in the House and the Foreign Relations Committee in the Senate do?

A) oversee the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the National Security Agency (NSA)
B) write legislation that deals with foreign policy
C) direct and advise on military actions against terrorist targets
D) provide the president with top secret intelligence information

Question 56

Even though presidents have significant powers over foreign policy, President Clinton opted not to submit the Kyoto Protocol to Congress in the 1990s because

A) public opinion staunchly opposed the Kyoto Protocol, illustrating how the public can check presidential power.
B) President Clinton had concerns that the deal would harm U.S. global business interests, illustrating how globalization can check presidential power.
C) the U.S. Senate was unlikely to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, illustrating how the legislative branch can check presidential power.
D) the U.S. Supreme Court had already ruled the Kyoto Protocol to be unconstitutional, illustrating how the courts can check presidential power.

Question 57

The overriding principle of America's military is ________.

A) civilian control
C) nuclear domination
B) first-strike capability
D) congressional control

Question 58

National Security Council officials are responsible for ________.

A) coordinating intelligence gathering
B) delivering humanitarian aid to people in areas of conflict
C) serving as the principal foreign policy committee in the legislative branch
D) developing foreign policy options and presenting them to the president

Question 59

What is the Bush Doctrine?

A) an approach of fighting terrorism primarily with humanitarian efforts and with the assistance of the United Nations
B) a policy that supports fighting terrorism with military force in all areas of the world
C) a policy that dictates preemptively striking a nation that threatens the security of the United States
D) a commitment to extend American values throughout the world by any means necessary

Question 60

Because the president, senior leaders in the Defense Department, and Congress formulate military policy, the U.S. military is said to be under ________.

A) military personnel control
C) republican control
B) bureaucratic control
D) civilian control

Question 61

As a percentage of gross national income (GNI), how much does the United States give in foreign aid as compared to the rest of the developed world?

A) more than others
B) about the same
C) less than others
D) The United States does not give foreign aid.

Question 62

Why does the United States provide foreign aid?

A) It can help facilitate international agreements.
B) That is the cost of a seat on the Security Council.
C) Isolationism is the dominant foreign policy paradigm in America today.
D) The American public is strongly in favor of providing foreign aid.

Question 63

American critics of globalization contend that it has

A) increased the price of U.S. goods.
B) slowed the pace of technological advancement.
C) led to significant losses in U.S. manufacturing jobs.
D) flooded the free market with goods that Americans do not want.

Question 64

An idealist would argue that the United States should remain in Afghanistan because leaving the nation could

A) lead to increases in the price of oil, harming the larger U.S. economy.
B) convey military weakness, emboldening the enemies of the United States.
C) lead to an anti-American government taking power, resulting in an increased risk of another terrorist attack against the United States.
D) lead to a full-fledged Afghani civil war that results in significant suffering for the Afghan people.

Question 65

Which international agreement aims to stop the spread of nuclear weapons?

A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Monroe Doctrine
C) Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
D) Nuclear Arms Limitation Agreement

Question 66

The U.S. economy relies heavily on trade with other nations. What is a positive consequence of this?

A) It has helped to reduce the U.S. trade deficit.
B) It has improved the quality of manufactured goods.
C) It has helped increase wages and benefits for most American workers.
D) Some American companies have the ability to increase their profits.

Question 67

High tariffs raise the prices of ________, making ________ more attractive to the consumer.

A) imported goods; domestic products
B) exported goods; foreign products
C) imported goods; foreign products
D) exported goods; domestic products

Question 68

Military force

A) always prevails in modern society.
B) is not all-powerful.
C) has eliminated the terrorist threat posed by ISIL.
D) has eliminated the Taliban in Afghanistan.

Question 69

When the United States places the lowest possible tariff on imported goods from a particular country, it bestows on that country

A) best-trading conditions.
C) comparative advantage conditions.
B) optimal-trade-nation status.
D) most-favored-nation status.

Question 70

________ assists countries in managing budget deficits and currency values.

A) The World Bank
C) The International Monetary Fund
B) The World Trade Organization
D) NATO

Question 71

The Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) is an attempt to

A) improve relations with strategic allies across the world.
B) strengthen America's political and economic ties with Asian nations.
C) improve relations with North Korea in particular.
D) strengthen U.S. naval bases in the Pacific Rim.

Question 72

Outside of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, how many rotating nations serve on the council?

A) 2
C) 10
B) 5
D) 22

Question 73

Which part of the world is typically generous in terms of foreign aid?

A) North America
C) Asia
B) Africa
D) Scandinavia

Question 74

What is a common reason that foreign policy making does not always mirror public opinion?

A) Political knowledge among the public on international affairs is low.
B) It is difficult to get news and information on foreign affairs.
C) Most administrations shift their foreign policy positions so frequently that the public simply cannot keep up with the changes.
D) Polling agencies rarely report their findings to politicians.

Question 75

As of 2016, which country is believed to have nuclear weapons without approval from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty?

A) North Korea
C) Iran
B) the United States
D) France

Question 76

Huawei's complaints to the United States demonstrate the trade-off between

A) lobbying and lawmaking.
B) military secrecy and the rights of a free press.
C) human rights and globalization.
D) business interests and national security.

Question 77

________ provides financial support for economic development projects in developing countries.

A) The World Trade Organization
B) The World Bank
C) The International Monetary Fund
D) NATO

Question 78

The U.S. economy relies heavily on trade with other nations. What is a negative consequence of this?

A) It usually leads to increased taxes and regulation on businesses.
B) It slows the flow of capital because investments are less secure and more volatile in the global market.
C) It can lead to consumers paying higher prices for goods because of higher labor costs.
D) It becomes more difficult to shield the U.S. economy from the effects of another nation's hard times.

Question 79

NATO is an example of a ________.

A) free-trade agreement
C) bilateral agreement
B) military treaty
D) multilateral agreement

Question 80

Economic sanctions are often used for the purpose of ________.

A) facilitating a war
B) increasing the value of domestic goods
C) creating jobs in the United States
D) pressuring a country's leaders to change their behavior