Deck 15: The Future of International Politics

Question 1

Which of the following countries possessed nuclear weapons but gave them up?

A)Brazil.
B)Ukraine.
C)France.
D)Israel.
E)Russia.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

If two states possess nuclear weapons,but neither side possesses second-strike capability,what effect does this have on relations between the two countries?

A)The countries should be more capable of resolving their differences since they will now have the interests of nuclear powers,distinct from those countries that rely on conventional weapons.
B)The states are more likely to be bitter rivals,since multiple states that have nuclear weapons are typically not stable.
C)The lack of second-strike capability makes first strikes more rewarding and may make nuclear war more likely.
D)Mutually assured destruction only works when countries lack second-strike capability;the presence of second-strike forces means destruction was not assured.
E)It will likely not have an effect,as conventional forces can readily serve as second-strike forces to any nuclear attack.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A key marker of progress for interconnectivity in the present that was lacking in the nineteenth century is:

A)the spread of diseases.
B)an extensive communication network.
C)global military coverage.
D)universal health care.
E)the gold standard.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Why are innovations in military technology important for international relations?

A)Because innovations in military technology can enhance overall economic development.
B)Because new military technologies have led to increased interactions between states.
C)Because countries often ruin their economies by spending too much on new military technologies.
D)Because innovations in military technology can change the distribution of power.
E)Because innovations in military technology can lead to changes in international institutions.

Question 5

Deterrence works because:

A)so many states now have nuclear capabilities.
B)international institutions enforce deterrence as a matter of policy.
C)it does not require second-strike capability to work properly.
D)it relies on the natural irrationality of leaders.
E)it makes the costs of war far larger than the potential benefits.

Question 6

If two states possess nuclear weapons and credibly commit to using them in a war,what effect does this have on bargaining between the two parties?

A)It makes war between the two parties much more likely.
B)It should have no real effect on bargaining,as it is a uniform increase to costs.
C)The potential benefit for either side winning the war increases dramatically.
D)It expands the range of acceptable bargains for both parties and should make war less likely.
E)It should make neither side willing to bargain,as launching nuclear weapons is much cheaper than fighting a conventional war.

Question 7

Which of the following is a weapon of mass destruction (WMD)?

A)An intercontinental ballistic missile.
B)A Sherman tank.
C)Chemical mustard gas.
D)A satellite.
E)An unmanned drone.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a reason that deterrence is unlikely to work with terrorist organizations?

A)Many terrorists are willing to die for their cause.
B)It can take a long time to determine who committed a terrorist attack.
C)Retaliation against terrorist groups could kill innocent people who live around them.
D)Terrorists are irrational and rarely act in ways that are explainable.
E)A credible threat of retaliation requires having a location that one can attack.

Question 9

Which of the following is the most important requirement for mutual nuclear deterrence between two countries to work successfully?

A)Both countries have few nuclear weapons.
B)Both countries are large.
C)The countries interact frequently with each other.
D)The leaders of both countries are democratically elected.
E)The leaders of both countries care about the survival of themselves and their countries.

Question 10

What type of weapon of mass destruction is the most prolific?

A)Chemical weapons.
B)Biological weapons.
C)Nuclear weapons.
D)Infotech weapons.
E)Nanotech weapons.

Question 11

What is known as the "Long Peace"?

A)The special relationship and alliance between the United States and Great Britain.
B)The relative infrequency of war between states in South America.
C)The fact that there has never been a nuclear war.
D)The absence of war between the United States,Mexico,and Canada since 1848.
E)The absence of war between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Question 12

Which of the following strategies would a country use to ensure that it has a survivable second-strike force?

A)Draft a large number of soldiers into the army.
B)Devote a large portion of its budget to training soldiers.
C)Put weapons on submarines.
D)Create fallout shelters in major cities.
E)Build strong defenses on its borders.

Question 13

Why might nuclear proliferation cause peace?

A)There is a strong norm against starting a nuclear war.
B)Large-scale nuclear proliferation will cause countries to create a new international organization that will regulate nuclear weapons.
C)Countries with nuclear weapons will have no reason to go to war with other countries.
D)Nuclear powers such as the United States can threaten to punish states that start wars.
E)Possessing nuclear weapons increases the costs of war.

Question 14

Why have weapons of mass destruction (WMD)become easier to acquire?

A)The norm against acquiring WMD has become less accepted.
B)The knowledge of how to make the weapons has become easier to obtain.
C)Countries with WMD have become more likely to sell the weapons to other countries.
D)Countries have become less concerned about the proliferation of WMD.
E)Countries have stopped funding the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Question 15

The rate of countries joining the nuclear weapons club has:

A)slowed since 1945.
B)increased since 1945.
C)been constant since 1945.
D)actually been slowly becoming negative since 1945.
E)decreased to such a rate that we should expect no nuclear powers in the next twenty years.

Question 16

What is true of advances in military technology?

A)The advantages such advances create can be substantial but are often temporary,as the knowledge spreads to other actors.
B)The advances are typically not as important to state power as are advances in trade liberalization and economic globalization.
C)Advances in military technology generally do not confer advantages to the societies that discover them.
D)Most technical advances have been kept to developed countries and less developed countries have not been able to replicate their success.
E)There is unlikely to be any further advances in military technology,as 1945 was the zenith of military technology.

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios would threaten the success of mutual nuclear deterrence?

A)The leader of Pakistan becomes suicidal.
B)France doubles the size of its nuclear arsenal.
C)Iran obtains nuclear weapons.
D)The United States puts ballistic missiles on train cars that move around the country.
E)Russia increases the strength of the silos holding its nuclear missiles.

Question 18

History suggests that the most dangerous part of nuclear weapons is:

A)how tempted countries are to use them in times of war.
B)the timing of their deployment at the end of wars.
C)the unevenness with which they have spread through the international system.
D)the frequency with which they have been used in the past.
E)their tendency to encourage the development of dangerous nuclear energy sources.

Question 19

In terms of acquisition of nuclear weapons,which is true?

A)It is easier to acquire nuclear weapons or the information to build them now than at any other time in history.
B)It is harder to acquire nuclear weapons or the information to build them now than at any other time in history.
C)It is more legal to acquire nuclear weapons or the information to build them now than at any other time in history.
D)The Internet has helped limit the amount of information available about building nuclear weapons.
E)It is highly unlikely that any other state or group will possess nuclear weapons now or in the future.

Question 20

What does it mean to possess a survivable second-strike force?

A)An army can hold soldiers and weapons in reserve for a second assault.
B)A country can wage two wars at one time.
C)A country can protect its citizens from major harm during an attack.
D)A country can inflict unacceptable damage on an enemy after being attacked.
E)A country has built sufficient defenses on its borders to protect it from attack.

Question 21

Why did the rising power of the United States in the nineteenth century NOT spark a war?

A)The other major powers knew that the United States was a peaceful country and believed it would stay that way.
B)The United States and the other major powers at the time faced a common threat in Germany.
C)Other major powers had nuclear weapons and could rely on deterrence to protect them from the United States.
D)The United States became the predominant power too quickly for other states to react.
E)The United States and Great Britain had no conflict with each other.

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of how the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)monitors compliance?

A)Officials from the International Atomic Energy Agency impose economic sanctions on North Korea.
B)Officials from the International Atomic Energy Agency inspect nuclear facilities in North Korea.
C)Officials in the Central Intelligence Agency use satellite photos to analyze possible nuclear facilities in Iran.
D)The World Trade Organization (WTO)keeps track of the exchange of nuclear materials between countries.
E)Officials from the European Union (EU)inspect possible nuclear facilities in Libya.

Question 23

Which country has offensively used nuclear weapons?

A)The Soviet Union.
B)The United States.
C)The People's Republic of China.
D)India.
E)Pakistan.

Question 24

The ebb and flow of power is primarily tied to what two concepts?

A)Technology and the number of states in the system.
B)Technology and economic growth.
C)Communication and military power.
D)Economic growth and international organizations.
E)Sovereignty and military power.

Question 25

Which period of transition between great powers was considered to be a peaceful transition?

A)The rise of Sparta and decline of Athens.
B)The rise of England and decline of France.
C)The rise of Germany in the 1900s.
D)The rise of Japan in the 1930s.
E)The rise of the United States and decline of Great Britain.

Question 26

What does NOT happen when there is a large shift of power between two actors?

A)The rising power expects to do better in the event of war.
B)The rising power is more likely to reject bargains with which it was previously satisfied.
C)The rising power will seek to renegotiate something more in its favor than the status quo.
D)The rising power will credibly commit to not renegotiate bargains further in its favor when it is dominant.
E)The rising power will attempt to create new deals that shift power away from the other state and make the rising power more powerful.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a reason that states violate the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)?

A)Violators do not care about the opinions of the international community.
B)Violators are not concerned about possible economic sanctions.
C)Violators lack strong allies who will protect them with their own nuclear deterrents.
D)Violators think nuclear weapons will give them more regional influence.
E)Violators expect to extort foreign aid as an inducement to end their nuclear programs.

Question 28

Why is the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)a compromise between nuclear and non-nuclear weapons states?

A)Non-nuclear weapons states abiding by the treaty eventually may be allowed by nuclear powers to develop small nuclear capabilities of their own.
B)Nuclear weapons states keep their nuclear power plants while other states get assistance in developing environmentally friendly non-nuclear sources of energy.
C)Nuclear weapons states can continue underground nuclear weapons testing while other states experience less pollution because of the ban on aboveground testing.
D)Nuclear powers keep their nuclear weapons while other states get assistance in developing nuclear energy.
E)States can have the technology and ability to develop nuclear weapons as long as they do not actually build nuclear weapons.

Question 29

Why is coercive disarmament a difficult strategy to pursue?

A)Economic sanctions take a long time before they are effective.
B)It is easy to smuggle nuclear components into a country.
C)Information about nuclear technology is easy to obtain.
D)States only respond to threats from stronger forces.
E)States hide and shield their nuclear facilities from attack.

Question 30

How did nuclear weapons help lead to the "Long Peace"?

A)Other nations worked to keep both sides in check to prevent the use of nuclear weapons.
B)Peace was maintained through international monitoring of nuclear weapon stocks.
C)Both powers spent so much money on developing new nuclear technologies that they could not afford war.
D)Because both powers had second-strike capability,neither was willing to start a direct war.
E)Only when one side agreed to share its nuclear secrets with the other could peace occur.

Question 31

Which would be the best strategy for the United States in dealing with China,given the pessimistic view of its rise in power?

A)Reducing the commitment to defend Taiwan.
B)Decreasing ties with Vietnam.
C)Promoting China's participation in international security organizations.
D)Promoting China's participation in international financial organizations.
E)Reducing China's access to the U.S.market.

Question 32

Why do some countries abstain from acquiring nuclear weapons?

A)Most countries cannot afford to purchase nuclear weapons.
B)The technology for making nuclear weapons is too difficult for most countries to obtain.
C)The materials for making nuclear weapons are too difficult for most countries to obtain.
D)Countries use alternative methods to ensure their security rather than obtain nuclear weapons.
E)Countries have moral objections to possessing nuclear weapons.

Question 33

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)is a treaty that:

A)allows countries that already have nuclear weapons to keep them indefinitely.
B)has required countries to eliminate their nuclear weapons before signing the treaty.
C)prohibits aboveground testing of nuclear weapons.
D)bans the transfer of all nuclear technology.
E)seeks to prevent the building of nuclear power plants.

Question 34

When is a country most likely to acquire nuclear weapons?

A)When its neighbor tests a nuclear weapon.
B)When the major countries all have nuclear weapons.
C)When its neighbor increases the size of its military forces.
D)When it wants to promote faster economic development with spin-off technology.
E)When it wants to have more influence in international negotiations.

Question 35

According to the textbook,which country is likely to become the next global superpower in the twenty-first century?

A)The United States.
B)Russia.
C)India.
D)Brazil.
E)China.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT an example of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)failure?

A)Iran tried to develop nuclear weapons while a signatory to the NPT.
B)India tested nuclear weapons while a signatory to the NPT.
C)Libya tried to develop nuclear weapons while a signatory to the NPT.
D)Iraq developed a nuclear weapon while a signatory to the NPT.
E)Belarus obtained nuclear weapons when the Soviet Union collapsed.

Question 37

Which of the following is an example of coercive disarmament?

A)The European Union (EU)imposed sanctions on Iran because of its nuclear program.
B)British intelligence blocked circulation of technical manuals describing how to make nuclear weapons.
C)Israel destroyed Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor.
D)U.S.customs agents confiscated nuclear triggers destined for Syria.
E)South Africa monitored Nigerian "yellow-cake" uranium processing.

Question 38

Which of the following is the superior strategy for preventing terrorists from obtaining WMD?

A)The United States declares that it will retaliate massively against any terrorists that use WMD.
B)The United States declares that it will attack any terrorist organization that obtains WMD,even if the weapons are not used.
C)The European Union (EU)negotiates with terrorist organizations to convince them the costs of using WMD are higher than the gains they will obtain.
D)The International Atomic Energy Agency promotes the norm of nonproliferation WMD.
E)The International Atomic Energy Agency helps countries make their nuclear facilities more secure.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a reason that states want to acquire nuclear weapons?

A)Enhanced security.
B)Greater prestige.
C)Greater political influence.
D)Faster economic development.
E)Fear of attack by another nuclear-armed state.

Question 40

What is NOT a strategy to contain China's rise?

A)Create protections against the imports of Chinese goods.
B)Prevent American Foreign Direct Investment into China to slow down its economic growth.
C)Encourage investment into China to grow the capitalist sectors of its economy.
D)Create an alliance of Southeast Asian and East Asian countries in opposition to China.
E)Build new military bases in countries that border China.

Question 41

What is the relationship between globalization and income inequality?

A)Globalization causes income distribution to become more unequal within all countries.
B)Globalization causes incomes to become more equal within all countries.
C)Globalization has no effect on income distribution.
D)Globalization causes a slight increase in income inequality within developing countries.
E)Globalization causes a slight increase in income inequality within developed countries.

Question 42

What is NOT a result of globalization?

A)Increasingly integrated markets.
B)Increasingly interacting cultures.
C)Increased wealth.
D)Increased human rights abuses.
E)Increased inequality.

Question 43

Which of the following would be the best way to deal with China given the optimistic view of its rise in power?

A)Reducing the commitment to defend Taiwan.
B)Increasing military ties with Vietnam.
C)Blocking China's participation in international security organizations.
D)Promoting China's participation in international financial organizations.
E)Reducing China's access to the U.S.market.

Question 44

Why is there UNLIKELY to be a strong institution that controls economic globalization?

A)Communication and transportation are too quick for any organization to keep track of.
B)The interests of the developed and less developed are systematically opposed to each other.
C)Economic globalization does not really need an international organization to control it.
D)Developed countries do not have an interest in overcoming their collective action problems.
E)The United Nations Security Council already fulfills this role.

Question 45

What period marked a reverse in globalization?

A)The nineteenth century.
B)Pre-World War I.
C)The interwar period.
D)The Cold War.
E)The post-Cold War era.

Question 46

Environmental groups have opposed globalization for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A)environmental regulations have been considered barriers to free trade.
B)developing countries have fewer environmental regulations.
C)economic competition between countries will lead to fewer and weaker environmental regulations.
D)environmental groups oppose development in poor countries.
E)rapid growth in developing countries will worsen environmental degradation.

Question 47

Which of the following statements about the European Union (EU)is true?

A)All of the member countries in the EU have adopted the euro as their currency.
B)EU laws supersede laws that are made by the member states' national governments.
C)The creation of the EU instigated the economic integration of its member countries.
D)The members of the EU have approved a constitution.
E)The EU is the second-most economically integrated region in the world.

Question 48

What is an area to which "globalization" does NOT typically refer?

A)Communication.
B)Technology.
C)Transportation.
D)Environmental.
E)Economic.

Question 49

Why was there support for China's membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

A)Many people thought the WTO would make China obey international trade rules because of the WTO's strong enforcement mechanisms.
B)Supporters of China's membership in the WTO had received bribes to make it worth their while.
C)China had packed the WTO with its supporters.
D)Many people thought that membership in the WTO would decrease the costs of war.
E)Many people thought that joining the WTO would increase China's costs for challenging the status quo.

Question 50

According to the Stolper-Samuelson theorem,which of the following in a rich country would be most likely to oppose globalization?

A)Agricultural workers.
B)Bankers.
C)Investors.
D)The automobile industry.
E)Internet companies.

Question 51

Why are institutions valuable for actors that interact frequently?

A)Actors can avoid renegotiating rules by having permanent procedures.
B)Actors can force other members to comply with the institution's rules.
C)Institutions will change other actors' interests when members' interests are in conflict.
D)Institutions are the only way that actors can monitor other actors' actions.
E)Being members of an institution will give the actors an advantage over nonmembers.

Question 52

Why is it UNLIKELY that other regions will create institutions like the EU?

A)Other regions have not experienced major wars like the ones that prompted calls for an EU.
B)Countries in other regions associate institutions like the EU with colonization.
C)The countries of the EU have more cultural and political similarities than other regions.
D)Other regions do not want to duplicate the problems that the EU has experienced.
E)There is no longer any reason for regions to increase economic integration.

Question 53

International institutions can do all of the following EXCEPT:

A)set rules of acceptable behavior.
B)create mechanisms for joint decision making.
C)monitor compliance with rules.
D)create opportunities for repeated interactions.
E)force states to comply with rules.

Question 54

What is the democratic deficit?

A)The lack of democratic countries in many parts of the world.
B)The fact that international organizations represent governments rather than people.
C)The lack of decision-making procedures in international organizations.
D)The shortage of effective international organizations that can help solve international problems.
E)The scarcity of democratically elected leaders at international conferences.

Question 55

In which of the following ways has the United States NOT responded to China?

A)The United States has created an East Asian version of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
B)The United States has maintained bases in East Asia.
C)The United States has pursued closer relations with India.
D)The United States has supported China's membership in the World Trade Organization.
E)The United States has pursued closer relations with Vietnam.

Question 56

Which of the following is an example of central planning?

A)The government sets a minimum wage for all workers.
B)The government decides how many automobiles will be built each year.
C)The government designs and builds major highways.
D)The government ensures that every citizen has health care.
E)The government subsidizes public transportation.

Question 57

Why is it more difficult to deter terrorist organizations with nuclear weapons than countries with nuclear weapons?

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a policy for which economic losers from globalization might ask?

A)Tariffs on steel imports.
B)Less expensive health insurance.
C)Increases of capital flows.
D)Increased spending on unemployment insurance.
E)Job retraining programs.

Question 59

Which of the following is the best example of economic globalization?

A)France subsidizes its agricultural sector.
B)Workers protest for a higher minimum wage.
C)Brazil sells oil to Japanese manufacturers.
D)American culture spreads throughout the world.
E)Millions of acres of rain forest are cut down for development.

Question 60

Why has there been conflict between rich and poor countries over globalization?

Question 61

How does globalization make conflict more likely to occur? Does it reduce conflict over some types of goods?

Question 62

Is the rise of China inevitable? What can the United States do if it wants to slow down China's ascent?

Question 63

Is second-strike capability necessary for deterrence? If only first-strike capability existed in the world,would we see more use of nuclear weapons?

Question 64

Why do environmentalists criticize globalization? Can economic globalization occur in an environmentally sound way? Why or why not?

Question 65

Why might the proliferation of nuclear weapons be a reason for greater peace rather than conflict?

Question 66

How does the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty set standards of behavior and monitor compliance?

Question 67

How are terrorist groups likely to obtain nuclear weapons?

Question 68

When are new international institutions likely to be formed?

Question 69

Why have we not seen more supranational institutions such as the European Union (EU)form?

Question 70

How do international institutions help prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction?

Question 71

How and why is China's rising power likely to affect international relations?

Question 72

Will economic inequality be the norm of globalization,or should we expect inequality to shrink in the future?

Question 73

Why did the European Union (EU)form?

Question 74

Why didn't the rise in power of the United States lead to war?