Deck 4: Management and Diversity

Question 1

Managers who have progressed to Donaldson's "unconscious competence" stage will be most effective in managing a diverse workforce.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Reverse discrimination is the term used to describe inequities affecting members of the minority group as an outcome of programs designed to assist the majority group.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Including nontraditional employees in fair competition for advancement decreases the quality of management in the organization.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Role conflict refers to the situation in which a person has too many expectations to comfortably fulfill.

Question 5

Diversity in the managerial ranks can enhance decision-making, but has little influence on gaining market share.

Question 6

The term "majority group" does not necessarily refer to the group with a numerical majority.

Question 7

The glass ceiling refers to a barrier to advancement for minorities in organizations.

Question 8

Gender-role stereotypes are negative perceptions of women based on what society believes are appropriate behaviors for them.

Question 9

A stereotype is a positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes.

Question 10

The assimilation approach advocates shaping organization members to fit the organization.

Question 11

Discrimination is a preconceived judgment, opinion, or assumption about an issue, behavior, or group of people.

Question 12

The major advantage of the "Golden Rule" approach to achieving workforce diversity is that individuals approach it from their own particular frame of reference.

Question 13

The belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customs are superior to that of others is known as ethnocentrism.

Question 14

The multicultural approach gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristics.

Question 15

One of the advantages of a diverse workforce is that it is more resilient when faced with change.

Question 16

The minority group in an organization lacks critical power, resources, acceptance, and social status.

Question 17

The culture-specific approach to encouraging diversity gives employees a genuine appreciation for the culture they are about to encounter.

Question 18

Pluralism refers to an environment in which differences are acknowledged, accepted, and seen as significant contributors to the entirety.

Question 19

Managers who have progressed to Donaldson's "conscious incompetence" stage learn how to interact with diverse groups and cultures by deliberately thinking about how to behave.

Question 20

"Token" employees are always given very high visibility in an organization.

Question 21

In an organization, the group of people who lack critical resources, acceptance, and social status is known as the ________.

A) prime group
B) advocacy group
C) minority group
D) special interest group
E) majority group

Question 22

A positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes is known as ________.

A) a stereotype
B) a prejudice
C) ethnocentrism
D) tokenism
E) discrimination

Question 23

The Finance department at Lewis & Sons only accounts for 10% of the employees, but wields the most decision-making power and controls resources and information. As a result, the Finance department is considered to be a ________ within the organization.

A) determinant group
B) majority group
C) secondary group
D) splinter group
E) model minority

Question 24

A Japanese organization has just moved into the U.S. to expand its operations there. The management of the company places significant emphasis on Japanese culture and ways of working. As a result, even after moving to the U.S., the company prefers to hire more Japanese people than Americans. The company is said to have a(n) ________ attitude.

A) ethnocentric
B) objective
C) relativistic
D) subjective
E) pluralistic

Question 25

Which of the following is true for organizations that welcome diversity?

A) A diverse organization will lead to reduced customer insight.
B) The organization will see lower productivity and increased costs as a result of this.
C) It will be difficult to develop and implement innovations to the organization's products and services.
D) Employee retention will increase, resulting in lower recruitment costs.
E) The organization will have to hire less competent employees and training costs will increase.

Question 26

In an organization, the group of people who hold most of the positions that command decision-making power is known as the ________.

A) majority group
B) model minority
C) determinant group
D) functional group
E) working group

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true about prejudice?

A) It is a preconceived belief that one's own group is superior to that of others.
B) It is a preconceived judgment, opinion, or assumption about an issue, behavior, or group of people.
C) It is the stress of coping with membership in two cultures simultaneously.
D) It is a statistical representation of the characteristics of a given population.
E) It refers to a situation where people have too many expectations to comfortably fulfill.

Question 28

Staffing an organization with nontraditional employees ________.

A) hampers the organization's ability to withstand change
B) demotivates the minority employees in the organization
C) increases costs in the organization
D) increases customer dissatisfaction
E) improves the quality of management

Question 29

Which of the following statements is an instance of stereotyping?

A) Jerry's Garage has an unwritten policy not to hire Hispanic workers as the management believes that they are unreliable.
B) PBJ Inc. only hires candidates with a high-school diploma as the company processes require a certain level of literacy.
C) Sunshine Sales hires a majority of Spanish-speaking salespeople, as it has a large market among the Hispanic population.
D) The U.S. branch of Golden Dragon Productions prefers to hire Chinese workers as the management feels that they best reflect the organization values.
E) Divya's Designs is a bridal boutique that focuses on Indian outfits and caters mainly to Indian clientele.

Question 30

The belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customers are superior to that of others is known as ________.

A) pluralism
B) bicultural stress
C) ethnocentrism
D) role conflict
E) tokenism

Question 31

Which of the following statements is an instance of ethnocentrism?

A) Jerry's Garage has an unwritten policy not to hire Hispanic workers as the management believes that they are unreliable.
B) PBJ Inc. only hires candidates with a high-school diploma as the company processes require a certain level of literacy.
C) Sunshine Sales hires a majority of Spanish-speaking salespeople, as it has a large market among the Hispanic population.
D) The U.S. branch of Golden Dragon Ltd., a Chinese company, hires Chinese workers as the management feels that they best reflect the organization values.
E) Divya's Designs is a bridal boutique that focuses on Indian outfits and caters mainly to Indian clientele.

Question 32

Promoting diversity within the organization ________.

A) increases costs associated with employee retention
B) reduces the ability of the company to capture market share
C) reduces the amount spent on discrimination lawsuits
D) decreases the commitment level of employees at the lower levels
E) increases the expenses associated with turnover of employees

Question 33

Which of the following is an advantage of a diverse workforce?

A) less resilience to change
B) decreased market share
C) decreased innovation
D) decreased costs
E) lower productivity

Question 34

Which of the following is true regarding the majority and minority groups in an organization?

A) The minority group can have more people than the majority group.
B) The majority group has more people than the minority group.
C) The top management constitutes a minority group that commands decision-making power.
D) The majority group in any organization lacks social status and acceptance.
E) The minority group possesses decision-making power in most organizations.

Question 35

Three years ago, Bluebird Retail recruited a large number of employees from nontraditional sources, to offset a cash crunch. Most of these employees were hired for positions at lower levels in the organization. Over the past three years, the employees have gained experience and are familiar with the running of their departments. Though they have no management or supervisory backgrounds, the company is considering training some of these employees for management roles. Which of the following offers the strongest argument for this decision?

A) The company offers goods of mass appeal and caters to a wide customer base across the country.
B) Sales have been increasing over the past quarter and Bluebird is opening more outlets in three cities.
C) Innovation has been high and productivity has been increasing steadily.
D) Employee turnover at Bluebird Retail is at an all-time low.
E) Studies into customer satisfaction at Bluebird outlets indicate that most customers are happy with the product line-up.

Question 36

A diverse workforce in a company ________.

A) alienates the company's customers
B) enhances the company's credibility with customers
C) hampers innovation and decision-making
D) increases operational costs and expenditure
E) reduces the market penetration ability of the company

Question 37

95% of workers at Minipax Packaging Services are low-skilled workers, many of whom are from ethnic minorities. The turnover among workers is high and most decisions in the company are made by the top management, which makes up only 5% of the workforce. Which of the following statements is true for Minipax?

A) The workers form the majority group as they outnumber top management by 19 to 1.
B) The minority group in Minipax has control of the resources and decision-making power.
C) The top management constitutes a majority group that commands decision-making power.
D) The majority group in Minipax lacks social status and acceptance.
E) The majority group in Minipax outnumbers the minority group.

Question 38

________ are statistical characteristics of a population.

A) Biographics
B) Demographics
C) Psychographics
D) Chronographics
E) Reprographics

Question 39

Which of the following is one of the demographic facts established in the Hudson Institute report?

A) fewer women will enter the workforce
B) the average age of the workforce will decrease
C) the population and workforce will grow more rapidly than at any time since the 1930s
D) the pool of young workers entering the workforce will shrink
E) minorities will make up a smaller share of new entrants into the labor force

Question 40

The changing demographics of a population over an extended period can give managers insight into future ________.

A) diversity management challenges
B) competition level in the market
C) prices that their product will command
D) changes in the technological environment
E) legislature they will have to deal with

Question 41

The Baysville High girls basketball team makes it a point to include members from diverse cultures and ethnicities. As only two players of Asian origin tried out this year, they were picked for the team. This decision upset a number of other players, who felt that they were better. Which of the following policies could result in a similar situation?

A) TYC encourages its employees from minority communities to apply for its management training programs.
B) Cygnus Tech follows a strictly merit-based recruitment policy, with candidates selected on the basis of a comprehensive written test.
C) Members of the Lakeview College basketball team must maintain a minimum B grade to play for the team.
D) One third of the seats on BEC's board of directors must be occupied by women.
E) Webtoons is a small firm and does not have a diversity or affirmative action policy in place.

Question 42

Treating an issue, person, or behavior unjustly or inequitably on the basis of prejudices is known as ________.

A) tokenism
B) discrimination
C) ethnocentrism
D) stereotyping
E) xenocentrism

Question 43

Sally has been in the Finance department of Towsend's for the past eight years and is the longest-serving employee in the department. Though she has the experience and the qualifications to become a manager, a male colleague who was not as qualified was promoted over her. Sally notices that all the management positions in the company are occupied by males, even though there are many well-qualified women in the organization. This phenomenon is referred to as the ________.

A) double burden
B) white privilege
C) gray ceiling
D) levelling mechanism
E) glass ceiling

Question 44

Perceptions about the sexes based on what society believes are appropriate behaviors for men and women are ________.

A) instances of sexual harassment
B) gender-role stereotypes
C) sources of pluralism
D) indications of ethnocentrism
E) a result of bicultural stress

Question 45

When Alan went to Japan on a business assignment, he realized that the country has a long-standing tradition for people to exchange gifts during a business deal. For him, this practice was as bad as taking a bribe. What kind of a situation is Alan facing?

A) role conflict
B) bicultural stress
C) discrimination
D) the glass ceiling
E) role overload

Question 46

As the only female copywriters in a team of twenty-three, Shania and Taylor are always a part of client meetings and public company occasions. This is an instance of ________.

A) tokenism
B) stereotyping
C) prejudicing
D) ethnocentrism
E) polycentrism

Question 47

A major league basketball team has more African-American players than white players. It is about to recruit five more players and the management has specifically asked the coach to ensure that three out of the five new players are white. This is causing irritation among the African-American players who want to be part of the team. This is an example of ________.

A) reverse discrimination
B) pluralism
C) tokenism
D) monism
E) dualism

Question 48

Being one of a very few members of a group in an organization is known as ________.

A) discrimination
B) prejudicing
C) ethnocentrism
D) tokenism
E) stereotyping

Question 49

________ programs are designed to eliminate barriers and increase opportunities for underutilized or disadvantaged individuals.

A) Reverse discrimination
B) Affirmative action
C) Ethnic nepotism
D) Positive liberty
E) Social Darwinism

Question 50

Ayesha is an Israeli immigrant to the U.S. She works for a pharmaceutical company and is not only a gender, but also an ethnic minority in the company. Her peers, colleagues, and subordinates expect a lot from her. She is having a tough time fulfilling all these expectations. Ayesha is said to be facing ________.

A) role ambiguity
B) role conflict
C) role insufficiency
D) role interference
E) role overload

Question 51

Which of the following is true for tokenism?

A) It refers to the situation in which a person is one of few members of his or her group in an organization.
B) It refers to an environment in which differences are acknowledged and seen as significant contributors to the entirety.
C) It is the belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customs are superior to those of others.
D) It discriminates against members of the majority group in order to help groups that are underrepresented in the organization.
E) It is a positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes.

Question 52

Which of the following is true regarding older workers?

A) They avoid working nontraditional schedules.
B) They do not make good mentors.
C) They increase benefits cost to the organization.
D) They are more open to change.
E) They have adequate technology experience.

Question 53

According to the Hudson Institute report, ________.

A) benefits and policies for women workers must be increased
B) the U.S. must pay more attention to its own share of world trade and less on the growth of other economies
C) prosperity will depend upon how fast productivity grows in manufacturing
D) minority workers must be integrated into the economy, within certain limits
E) the average age of the American worker will decrease

Question 54

Which of the following is a characteristic of bicultural stress?

A) role conflict
B) balanced growth
C) improved skills
D) reverse discrimination
E) pluralism

Question 55

When a majority group member experiences inequities as a result of programs designed to help underrepresented groups, it is called ________.

A) tokenism
B) affirmative action
C) reverse discrimination
D) pluralism
E) stereotyping

Question 56

Sexual harassment is a form of ________.

A) relativism
B) acculturation
C) pluralism
D) discrimination
E) ethnocentrism

Question 57

Having too many expectations to comfortably fulfill is termed as ________.

A) role overload
B) role conflict
C) pluralism
D) tokenism
E) role ambiguity

Question 58

Which of the following is one of Sonnenfeld's findings concerning older workers?

A) They tend to be low performers.
B) They are less likely to take risks.
C) They are more open to changes.
D) They are low-cost workers.
E) They are less cautious.

Question 59

Alice is an American student of Chinese origin. Her grades fell significantly during the last semester, and as a result, her teacher was very disappointed, telling Alice that she should be more hardworking and dedicated to her studies as a result of her Chinese heritage. The teacher's attitude can be described as ________.

A) bicultural conflict
B) tokenism
C) stereotyping
D) ethnocentrism
E) feminism

Question 60

Having to fill competing roles because of membership in two cultures causes ________.

A) pluralism
B) role conflict
C) role overload
D) ethnocentrism
E) tokenism

Question 61

The ________ approach teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectively.

A) culture-specific
B) multicultural
C) golden rule
D) assimilation
E) righting-the-wrongs

Question 62

Which of the following is true regarding the assimilation approach?

A) It advocates incorporating changes into organization culture based on the cultures of new employees.
B) It gathers the best from differing cultures and accepts a variety of viewpoints.
C) It promotes creativity in the organization by encouraging employees to share their individual cultures and worldviews.
D) It creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could benefit the organization.
E) It addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group by developing policies to create a more equitable set of conditions.

Question 63

The approach to cultural diversity that most closely parallels affirmative action policies is the ________ approach.

A) multicultural
B) golden rule
C) assimilation
D) righting-the-wrongs
E) culture-specific

Question 64

In the area of diversity, controlling involves ________.

A) establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
B) carefully choosing work assignments to support the career development of all employees
C) evaluating the extent to which diversity goals are being achieved
D) the evaluation activities necessary to assess the diversity efforts
E) the selection of the diversity training programs for the organization

Question 65

The ________ approach to diversity relies on the biblical dictate, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."

A) multicultural
B) golden rule
C) assimilation
D) righting-the-wrongs
E) culture-specific

Question 66

The righting-the-wrongs approach ________.

A) teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectively
B) gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristics
C) advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organization
D) relies on the maxim "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"
E) addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group by developing policies to create a more equitable set of conditions.

Question 67

Ruby's company based in the U.S. is not averse to recruiting people from different cultures. On the contrary, it schedules an intensive training session to help the employees from other cultures adopt and fit into American culture. What kind of an approach does the company use?

A) assimilation approach
B) righting-the-wrongs approach
C) culture-specific approach
D) multicultural approach
E) golden rule approach

Question 68

Effective diversity efforts within an organization will involve ________.

A) tying organizational rewards to managers' commitment to diversity
B) noncompliance with affirmative action and EEOC standards
C) basing the diversity strategy solely on compliance with affirmative action and EEOC policies.
D) enforcing affirmative action and EEOC policies, but not providing training
E) complying with narrowly defined external policies with sporadic training

Question 69

________ refers to an environment in which cultural, group, and individual differences are acknowledged, accepted, and viewed as significant contributors to the entirety.

A) Biculturalism
B) Pluralism
C) Xenocentrism
D) Ethnocentrism
E) Tokenism

Question 70

The multicultural approach ________.

A) gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristics
B) advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organization
C) creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could benefit the organization
D) pressures employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform
E) addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group

Question 71

Eli International has just begun a recruitment drive in colleges. Hoping to increase the cultural diversity within the organization, recruiters are focusing on candidates from a number of minority communities. The organization firmly believes that different cultural viewpoints can contribute to innovation and customer insights. The company must hold training sessions with existing employees to help them welcome and understand their new colleagues. Which of the following approaches will best help the company achieve all its goals?

A) assimilation approach
B) "golden rule" approach
C) multicultural approach
D) righting-the-wrongs approach
E) culture-specific approach

Question 72

As an ethnic minority, Bryan sometimes faces discrimination in the workplace. He recently joined a new company, and the Human Resources personnel assured him that it adhered to EEOC policies. However, Bryan finds that though his managers are supportive and encouraging, many of his colleagues are hostile towards him and other minority employees. Which of the following scenarios mirrors that in Bryan's organization?

A) A cell phone manufacturing organization that has newly entered the business is of the opinion that following the affirmative action and EEOC policy is more than enough. There is no need to educate all the employees regarding the different cultures as long as their supervisors know how to handle the various issues that may arise because of the cultural differences.
B) Harry's company complies completely with affirmative action and EEOC policies. However, the diversity training sessions held at the discretion of the CEO and managers are usually unable to handle diversity issues effectively.
C) An automobile manufacturing company strictly adheres to the affirmative action and EEOC policies. The company recently hired a few Japanese employees and thought it best to give its existing employees an overview of the Japanese culture so that they could interact with the new recruits.
D) Carl's company has implemented affirmative action and EEOC policies that were developed after making an organization-wide assessment of all the various systems and structures that exist within the organization. The CEO of the company is the champion in bringing diversity into the organization.
E) Dan's organization is of the view that adhering to affirmative action and EEOC policies is not required. After all, there are unique situations which should be dealt in unique ways rather than by trying to incorporate policies that are of no help.

Question 73

Which of the following is true of the "golden rule" approach to promoting diversity?

A) It requires that people know the culture of the other person.
B) It emphasizes societal morality.
C) It is applied from an individual's frame of reference.
D) It addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group.
E) It teaches employees the norms and practices of other cultures.

Question 74

The ________ approach focuses on how interpersonal skills and attitudinal changes relate to organizational performance.

A) culture-specific
B) multicultural
C) golden rule
D) assimilation
E) righting-the-wrongs

Question 75

The culture-specific approach ________.

A) creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could benefit the organization
B) pressures employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform to the prevailing culture
C) teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectively
D) advocates change on the part of management, employees, and organization systems and structures
E) allows individuals to follow the approach from their own particular frame of reference without knowing the cultural expectations, traditions, and preferences of the other person

Question 76

The assimilation approach to promoting cultural diversity ________.

A) relies on the maxim "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"
B) addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group
C) pressures employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform
D) teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture
E) advocates incorporating changes into organization culture based on the cultures of employees

Question 77

The major weakness of the ________ approach is that individuals apply the approach from their own particular frame of reference without knowing the cultural expectations, traditions, and preferences of the other person.

A) culture-specific
B) multicultural
C) golden rule
D) assimilation
E) righting-the-wrongs

Question 78

Planning for diversity involves ________.

A) setting recruitment goals for members of underrepresented groups
B) establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
C) overseeing compliance with the legal stipulations of EEOC and affirmative action
D) evaluating the extent to which diversity goals are being achieved
E) managers encouraging and supporting employees to participate constructively in a diverse work environment

Question 79

In the area of diversity, influencing organization members means that the managers must ________.

A) establish task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
B) carefully choose the work assignments to support the career development of all the employees
C) encourage and support employees to participate constructively in a diverse work environment
D) set diversity goals for hiring of employees within a department
E) select the diversity training programs for the organization

Question 80

Managerial responsibilities in the area of organizing include ________.

A) setting diversity goals for hiring of employees within a department
B) establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
C) the evaluation activities necessary to assess the diversity efforts
D) continuously monitoring the different units' progress with respect to the diversity goals
E) overseeing compliance with the legal stipulations of EEOC and affirmative action