Deck 3: Management and Diversity

Question 1

The finance department of Lewis & Sons only accounts for 10% of the employees, but wields the decision-making power and controls resources and information. As a result, the finance department of Lewis & Sons is considered to be a ________.

A) determinant group
B) majority group
C) secondary group
D) minority group
E) model minority

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The minority group in an organization lacks critical power, resources, acceptance, and social status.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The changing demographics of a population over an extended period can give managers insight into ________.

A) the future diversity management challenges
B) the future competition level in the market
C) the future price that their product will command
D) the future changes in the technological environment
E) a future legislation they will have to deal with

Answer 3

A

Question 4

95% of workers at Minipax Packaging Services are low-skilled workers, many of whom are from ethnic minorities. The turnover among workers is high and most decisions in the company are made by the top management, which makes up only 5% of the workforce. Which of the following statements is true for Minipax?

A) The workers form the majority group as they outnumber the top management by 19 to 1.
B) The minority group in Minipax has control of the resources and decision-making power.
C) The top management constitutes a majority group that commands decision-making power.
D) The majority group in Minipax lacks social status and acceptance.
E) The majority group in Minipax outnumbers the minority group.

Question 5

Staffing an organization with nontraditional employees ________.

A) hampers the organization's ability to withstand change
B) demotivates the minority employees in the organization
C) increases costs in the organization
D) increases customer dissatisfaction
E) improves the quality of management

Question 6

A diverse workforce in a company ________.

A) alienates the company's customers
B) enhances the company's credibility with customers
C) hampers innovation and decision making
D) increases operational costs and expenditure
E) reduces the market penetration ability of the company

Question 7

Which of the following is an advantage of a diverse workforce?

A) less resilience to change
B) decreased market share
C) decreased innovation
D) decreased costs
E) lower productivity

Question 8

Which of the following is true for organizations that welcome diversity?

A) A diverse organization will lead to reduced customer insight.
B) The organization will see lower productivity and increased costs as a result of this.
C) It will be difficult to develop and implement innovations to the organization's products and services.
D) Employee retention will increase, resulting in lower recruitment costs.
E) The organization will have to hire less competent employees and training costs will increase.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the majority and minority groups in an organization?

A) The minority group can have more people than the majority group.
B) The majority group lacks power and resources compared to the minority group.
C) The top management constitutes a minority group that commands decision-making power.
D) The majority group in any organization lacks social status and acceptance.
E) The minority group possesses decision-making power in organizations.

Question 10

In an organization, the group of people who hold most of the positions that command decision-making power is known as the ________.

A) majority group
B) model minority
C) determinant group
D) functional group
E) working group

Question 11

________ are statistical characteristics of a population.

A) Biographics
B) Demographics
C) Psychographics
D) Chronographics
E) Reprographics

Question 12

In an organization, the group of people who lack critical power, resources, acceptance, and social status is known as the ________.

A) primary group
B) advocacy group
C) minority group
D) special interest group
E) majority group

Question 13

The belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customers are superior to that of others is known as ________.

A) pluralism
B) bicultural stress
C) ethnocentrism
D) role conflict
E) tokenism

Question 14

Which of the following is one of the demographic facts established in the Hudson Institute report?

A) Fewer women will enter the workforce.
B) The average age of the workforce will decrease.
C) The population and workforce will grow more rapidly than at any time since the 1930s.
D) The pool of young workers entering the workforce will shrink.
E) Minorities will make up a smaller share of new entrants into the labor force.

Question 15

What of the following statements best defines the key advantages attained when an organization has a diverse workforce?

A) Diverse workforces result in increased costs.
B) Diverse workforces result in decreased productivity.
C) Diverse workforces result in less innovation in the organization.
D) Diverse workforces result in improved market share.
E) Diverse workforces result in a lower quality of management.

Question 16

Discuss three advantages diverse organizations gain from their diversity actions and goals.

Question 17

Including nontraditional employees in fair competition for advancement decreases the quality of management in the organization.

Question 18

Diversity in the managerial ranks can enhance decision making, but has little influence on gaining market share.

Question 19

A Japanese organization has just moved into the United States to expand its operations there. The management of the company places significant emphasis on Japanese culture and the ways of working. As a result, even after moving to the United States, the company prefers to hire more Japanese people than Americans. The company is said to have a(n) ________ attitude.

A) ethnocentric
B) objective
C) relativistic
D) subjective
E) pluralistic

Question 20

The term "majority group" does not necessarily refer to the group with a numerical majority.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is an instance of ethnocentrism?

A) Jerry's Garage has an unwritten policy not to hire Hispanic workers as the management believes that they are unreliable.
B) PBJ Inc. only hires candidates with a high-school diploma as the company processes require a certain level of literacy.
C) Sunshine Sales hires a majority of Spanish-speaking salespeople, as it has a large market among the Hispanic population.
D) The U.S. branch of Golden Dragon Ltd., a Chinese company, hires Chinese workers as the management feels that they best reflect the organization values.
E) Divya's Designs is a bridal boutique that focuses on Indian outfits and caters mainly to Indian clientele.

Question 22

Which of the following is one of Sonnenfeld's findings concerning older workers?

A) They tend to be low performers.
B) They are less likely to take risks.
C) They are more open to changes.
D) They are low-cost workers.
E) They are less cautious.

Question 23

A manager whose promotion was given because they are a minority may very likely have been promoted on the basis of ________.

A) elitism
B) tokenism
C) perception
D) rationalization
E) earned compensation

Question 24

Having to fill competing roles because of membership in two cultures causes ________.

A) pluralism
B) role conflict
C) role overload
D) ethnocentrism
E) tokenism

Question 25

Ayesha is an Israeli immigrant to the United States. She works for a pharmaceutical company and is not only a gender minority, but also an ethnic minority in the company. Her peers, colleagues, and subordinates expect a lot from her. She is having a tough time fulfilling all these expectations. Ayesha is said to be facing ________.

A) role ambiguity
B) role conflict
C) role insufficiency
D) role interference
E) role overload

Question 26

Which of the following is true regarding older workers?

A) They avoid working nontraditional schedules.
B) They do not make good mentors.
C) They increase benefits cost to the organization.
D) They are more open to change.
E) They have adequate technology experience.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is an instance of stereotyping?

A) Jerry's Garage has an unwritten policy not to hire Hispanic workers as the management believes that they are unreliable.
B) PBJ Inc. only hires candidates with a high-school diploma as the company processes require a certain level of literacy.
C) Sunshine Sales hires a majority of Spanish-speaking salespeople, as it has a large market among the Hispanic population.
D) The U.S. branch of Golden Dragon Productions prefers to hire Chinese workers as the management feels that they best reflect the organization values.
E) Divya's Designs is a bridal boutique that focuses on Indian outfits and caters mainly to Indian clientele.

Question 28

Sally has been in the finance department of Towsend's for the past eight years and is the longest-serving employee in the department. Though she has the experience and the qualifications to become a manager, a male colleague who was not as qualified was promoted over her. Sally notices that all the management positions in the company are occupied by males, even though there are many well-qualified women in the organization. Which of the following describes the above situation?

A) double burden
B) white privilege
C) gray ceiling
D) leveling mechanism
E) glass ceiling

Question 29

As the only female copywriters in a team of twenty-three, Shania and Taylor are always a part of client meetings and public company occasions. This is an instance of ________.

A) tokenism
B) stereotyping
C) prejudicing
D) ethnocentrism
E) polycentrism

Question 30

Having too many expectations to comfortably fulfill is termed as ________.

A) role overload
B) role conflict
C) pluralism
D) tokenism
E) role ambiguity

Question 31

Which of the following is true for tokenism?

A) It refers to the situation in which a person is one of few members of his or her group in an organization.
B) It refers to an environment in which differences are acknowledged and seen as significant contributors to the entirety.
C) It is the belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customs are superior to those of others.
D) It discriminates against members of the majority group in order to help groups that are underrepresented in the organization.
E) It is a positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes.

Question 32

Alice is an American student of Chinese origin. Her grades fell significantly during the last semester. Disappointed with her grades, Alice's teacher told her that she should be working harder and be more dedicated to her studies as a result of her Chinese heritage. The teacher's attitude can be described as ________.

A) bicultural conflict
B) tokenism
C) stereotyping
D) ethnocentrism
E) feminism

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true about prejudice?

A) It is a preconceived belief that one's own group is superior to that of others.
B) It is a preconceived judgment, opinion, or assumption about an issue, behavior, or group of people.
C) It is the stress of coping with membership in two cultures simultaneously.
D) It is a statistical representation of the characteristics of a given population.
E) It refers to a situation where people have too many expectations to comfortably fulfill.

Question 34

Being one of a very few members of a group in an organization is known as ________.

A) discrimination
B) prejudicing
C) ethnocentrism
D) tokenism
E) stereotyping

Question 35

Perceptions about the sexes based on what society believes are appropriate behaviors for men and women ________.

A) are instances of sexual harassment
B) are gender-role stereotypes
C) are sources of pluralism
D) are indications of ethnocentrism
E) are results of bicultural stress

Question 36

When Alan went to Japan on a business assignment, he realized that the country has a longstanding tradition of people exchanging gifts during a business deal. As a US citizen working for an organization headquartered in the US, he knows his company views this tradition the same as taking a bribe; and he is concerned about the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. What kind of a situation is Alan facing?

A) role conflict
B) bicultural stress
C) discrimination
D) the glass ceiling
E) role overload

Question 37

Sexual harassment is a form of ________.

A) relativism
B) acculturation
C) pluralism
D) discrimination
E) bicultural stress

Question 38

Which of the following is a characteristic of bicultural stress?

A) role conflict
B) balanced growth
C) improved skills
D) reverse discrimination
E) pluralism

Question 39

A positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes is known as ________.

A) a stereotype
B) a prejudice
C) ethnocentrism
D) tokenism
E) discrimination

Question 40

Treating an issue, person, or behavior unjustly or inequitably on the basis of stereotypes and prejudices is known as ________.

A) tokenism
B) discrimination
C) ethnocentrism
D) bicultural conflict
E) xenocentrism

Question 41

What is it that differentiates prejudice from discrimination?

Question 42

A major league basketball team has more African-American players than white players. It is about to recruit five more players and the management has specifically asked the coach to ensure that three out of the five new players are white. This is causing irritation among the African-American players who want to be part of the team. This is an example of ________.

A) reverse discrimination
B) pluralism
C) tokenism
D) stereotyping
E) dualism

Question 43

What role might ethnocentrism play in a manager's actions and decision making?

Question 44

Write a short essay on ethnocentrism and other negative dynamics that can interfere with workforce productivity.

Question 45

The ________ approach to diversity relies on the biblical dictate, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."

A) multicultural
B) golden rule
C) assimilation
D) righting-the-wrongs
E) culture-specific

Question 46

A ________ is a preconceived judgment while ________ is an unjust or inequitable action.

A) discrimination; prejudice
B) prejudice; stereotype
C) stereotype; discrimination
D) prejudice; discrimination
E) stereotype; prejudice

Question 47

When a majority group member experiences inequities as a result of programs designed to help underrepresented groups, it is called ________.

A) tokenism
B) affirmative action
C) reverse discrimination
D) pluralism
E) stereotyping

Question 48

"Token" employees are always given very high visibility in an organization.

Question 49

Promoting diversity within the organization ________.

A) increases costs associated with employee retention
B) reduces the ability of the company to capture market share
C) reduces the amount spent on discrimination lawsuits
D) decreases the commitment level of employees at the lower levels
E) increases the expenses associated with turnover of employees

Question 50

Effective diversity efforts within an organization will involve ________.

A) tying organizational rewards to managers' commitment to diversity
B) noncompliance with affirmative action and EEOC standards
C) basing the diversity strategy solely on compliance with affirmative action and EEOC policies
D) enforcing affirmative action and EEOC policies, but not providing training
E) complying with narrowly defined external policies with sporadic training

Question 51

________ refers to an environment in which cultural, group, and individual differences are acknowledged, accepted, and viewed as significant contributors to the entirety.

A) Biculturalism
B) Pluralism
C) Xenocentrism
D) Ethnocentrism
E) Tokenism

Question 52

Which of the following is true of the "golden rule" approach to promoting diversity?

A) It requires that people know the culture of the other person.
B) It emphasizes individual morality.
C) It is applied from an individual's frame of reference.
D) It addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group.
E) It teaches employees the norms and practices of other cultures.

Question 53

The ________ approach's major weakness is that individuals apply the approach from their own particular frame of reference without knowing the cultural expectations, traditions, and preferences of the other person.

A) culture-specific
B) multicultural
C) golden rule
D) assimilation
E) righting-the-wrongs

Question 54

The belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customs are superior to that of others is known as ethnocentrism.

Question 55

Role conflict refers to the situation in which a person has too many expectations to comfortably fulfill.

Question 56

The Pew Forum Study revealed that of all groups in the United States, ________ experience the most workplace discrimination.

A) Asians
B) Chinese
C) Muslims
D) Caucasians
E) Hawaiian Islanders

Question 57

________ programs are designed to eliminate barriers and increase opportunities for underutilized or disadvantaged individuals.

A) Reverse discrimination
B) Affirmative action
C) Ethnic nepotism
D) Positive liberty
E) Social Darwinism

Question 58

How can a manager take steps to reduce conflict in multi-generational workplaces?

Question 59

Briefly discuss the discrimination against women in organizations.

Question 60

According to the Hudson Institute report, ________.

A) benefits and policies for women workers must be increased
B) the United States must pay more attention to its own share of world trade and less on the growth of other economies
C) prosperity will depend upon how fast productivity grows in manufacturing
D) minority workers must be integrated into the economy, within certain limits
E) the average age of the American worker will decrease

Question 61

Ruby's company, based in the United States, is not averse to recruiting people from different cultures. On the contrary, it schedules an intensive training session to help the employees from other cultures adopt and fit into the American culture. What kind of an approach does the company use to achieve effective workforce diversity?

A) assimilation approach
B) righting-the-wrongs approach
C) culture-specific approach
D) multicultural approach
E) golden rule approach

Question 62

The ________ approach teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectively.

A) culture-specific
B) multicultural
C) golden rule
D) assimilation
E) righting-the-wrongs

Question 63

The assimilation approach advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organization.

Question 64

List steps management can take to promote diversity in their organizations.

Question 65

The approach to cultural diversity that most closely parallels affirmative action policies is the ________ approach.

A) multicultural
B) golden rule
C) assimilation
D) righting-the-wrongs
E) culture-specific

Question 66

Planning for diversity involves ________.

A) setting recruitment goals for members of underrepresented groups
B) establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
C) overseeing compliance with the legal stipulations of EEOC and affirmative action
D) evaluating the extent to which diversity goals are being achieved
E) managers encouraging and supporting employees to participate constructively in a diverse work environment

Question 67

The assimilation approach to promoting cultural diversity ________.

A) relies on the maxim "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"
B) addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group
C) pressurizes employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform
D) teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture
E) advocates incorporating changes into organization culture based on the cultures of employees

Question 68

The process of raising managers' awareness and developing their competencies to deal with the issues endemic to managing a diverse workforce is known as ________.

A) assimilation
B) reverse discrimination
C) diversity training
D) affirmative action
E) role overload

Question 69

How can diversity be promoted through equal employment and affirmative action?

Question 70

Eli International has just begun a recruitment drive in colleges. Hoping to increase the cultural diversity within the organization, recruiters are focusing on candidates from a number of minority communities. The organization firmly believes that different cultural viewpoints can contribute to innovation and customer insights. The company must hold training sessions with existing employees to help them welcome and understand their new colleagues. Which of the following approaches will best help the company achieve all its goals?

A) assimilation approach
B) "golden rule" approach
C) multicultural approach
D) righting-the-wrongs approach
E) culture-specific approach

Question 71

The ________ approach focuses on how interpersonal skills and attitudinal changes relate to organizational performance.

A) culture-specific
B) multicultural
C) golden rule
D) assimilation
E) righting-the-wrongs

Question 72

Which of the following is true regarding the assimilation approach?

A) It advocates incorporating changes into organization culture based on the cultures of new employees.
B) It gathers the best from differing cultures and accepts a variety of viewpoints.
C) It promotes creativity in the organization by encouraging employees to share their individual cultures and world views.
D) It creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could benefit the organization.
E) It addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group by developing policies to create a more equitable set of conditions.

Question 73

Define pluralism. Explain the five approaches that can be used to achieve effective workforce diversity.

Question 74

The righting-the-wrongs approach ________.

A) teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectively
B) gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristics
C) advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organization
D) relies on the maxim "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"
E) addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group by developing policies to create a more equitable set of conditions

Question 75

In the area of diversity, influencing organization members means that the managers must ________.

A) establish task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
B) carefully choose the work assignments to support the career development of all the employees
C) encourage and support employees to participate constructively in a diverse work environment
D) set diversity goals for hiring of employees within a department
E) select the diversity training programs for the organization

Question 76

The multicultural approach ________.

A) gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristics
B) advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organization
C) creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could benefit the organization
D) pressures employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform
E) addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group

Question 77

Managerial responsibilities in the area of organizing include ________.

A) setting diversity goals for hiring of employees within a department
B) establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
C) setting recruitment goals for members of underrepresented groups
D) continuously monitoring the different units' progress with respect to the diversity goals
E) overseeing compliance with the legal stipulations of EEOC and affirmative action

Question 78

A manager collected data on the rate of promotions of African-American men in her division to assess the effectiveness of diversity training within the division. In doing so, she was involved in the activity of ________.

A) planning
B) influencing
C) organizing
D) controlling
E) leading

Question 79

In the area of diversity, controlling involves ________.

A) establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
B) carefully choosing work assignments to support the career development of all employees
C) evaluating the extent to which diversity goals are being achieved
D) the evaluation activities necessary to assess the diversity efforts
E) the selection of the diversity training programs for the organization

Question 80

The culture-specific approach ________.

A) creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could benefit the organization
B) pressures employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform to the prevailing culture
C) teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectively
D) advocates change on the part of management, employees, and organization systems and structures
E) allows individuals to follow the approach from their own particular frame of reference without knowing the cultural expectations, traditions, and preferences of the other person