Deck 33: How the Baby Came to Be: Human Reproduction

Question 1

Which of the following is a structure in which sperm mature and are stored?

A)vas deferens
B)testis
C)accessory glands
D)epididymis

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is considered a gamete?

A)embryo
B)child
C)oocyte
D)zygote

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What changes occur in the endometrium as the time of possible fertilization approaches?

A)Menstruation occurs.
B)The endometrium enters the proliferative phase.
C)The endometrium enters the secretory phase.
D)The endometrium secretes estrogen.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Implantation occurs in the:

A)ovary.
B)vagina.
C)uterine tube.
D)uterus.

Question 5

Why does a female have millions of ovarian follicles as a fetus but has perhaps just over a thousand in her early fifties?

A)Several hundred follicles ovulate per monthly cycle and deplete the follicle supply at a steady rate.
B)Several thousand follicles ovulate per monthly cycle and deplete the follicle supply at a steady rate.
C)Natural degeneration of follicles speeds up in later years.
D)Production of new follicles from stem cells slows in her fifties.

Question 6

Sperm are made in the:

A)testes.
B)epididymis.
C)ovary.
D)vas deferens.

Question 7

If a chemical were to destroy all oocytes:

A)sperm would not form.
B)sperm would form but have no chromosomes.
C)eggs would not form.
D)eggs would form but have no chromosomes.

Question 8

Which statement concerning gamete production is correct?

A)Sperm cells can be produced only at certain points in the reproductive cycle.
B)The number of sperm a man can produce is essentially unlimited, whereas the number of eggs a woman can potentially produce is limited.
C)A man is born with all of the sperm he will need for the rest of his life.
D)Progestins stimulate development of new follicles.

Question 9

Development of sperm occurs from the:

A)inside of the seminiferous tubule toward the outside.
B)outside of the epididymis toward the inside.
C)outside of the seminiferous tubule toward the inside.
D)middle of the penis toward the prostate gland.

Question 10

From which structure does the corpus luteum develop?

A)oocyte
B)tertiary follicle
C)primary follicle
D)secondary follicle

Question 11

Which structure would be best described as helping to prepare the female tract for pregnancy and maintain it during the early phases of pregnancy?

A)vagina
B)uterine tube
C)oocyte
D)corpus luteum

Question 12

Sperm development begins in the:

A)prostate gland.
B)seminiferous tubules.
C)epididymis.
D)vas deferens.

Question 13

The specialized tissue of the uterus where implantation occurs is the:

A)cervix.
B)vagina.
C)endometrium.
D)uterine tube.

Question 14

Through what structure does an oocyte travel on its way to the uterus?

A)uterine tube
B)cervix
C)vagina
D)ovary

Question 15

The vas deferens ducts empty sperm into the:

A)seminal vesicles.
B)epididymis.
C)uterus.
D)urethra.

Question 16

On average,about how often does ovulation occur?

A)every 6 months
B)every 28 days
C)every 14 days
D)every day

Question 17

Spermatids are produced by:

A)spermatogonia.
B)primary spermatocytes.
C)secondary spermatocytes.
D)sertiary spermatocytes.

Question 18

The stages of follicle development are:

A)tertiary follicle, secondary follicle, primary follicle, corpus luteum.
B)ovarian follicle, mature follicle, oocyte.
C)corpus luteum, tertiary follicle, secondary follicle, primary follicle.
D)primary follicle, secondary follicle, tertiary follicle, corpus luteum.

Question 19

Fraternal twins develop when:

A)one egg is fertilized by two sperm.
B)two eggs are fertilized by one sperm.
C)multiple ovulations occur, and two eggs are fertilized.
D)one egg is fertilized by one sperm, but the resulting cells separate from one another and continue development.

Question 20

Which of these is not a supporting gland in males?

A)prostate gland
B)seminal vesicle
C)epididymis
D)bulbourethral gland

Question 21

The portion of a sperm that carries enzymes needed for fertilization is the:

A)tail.
B)nucleus.
C)acrosome.
D)mitochondrion.

Question 22

When does the fetus achieve about 15 percent of its birth weight and start kicking?

A)at the end of embryonic phase
B)at the start of organogenesis
C)in the first trimester
D)in the second trimester
E)in the third trimester

Question 23

Which hormone stimulates the muscular contractions associated with birth of a child?

A)estrogen
B)progesterone
C)luteinizing hormone
D)oxytocin

Question 24

When a spermatogonium divides,it produces one primary spermatocyte and:

A)two secondary spermatocytes.
B)one spermatogonium.
C)one spermatid.
D)one nurse cell.

Question 25

Why is production of lung surfactant important for a baby?

A)Without lung surfactant, the baby's lungs do not develop properly.
B)Lung surfactant may block the placenta from exchanging oxygen.
C)Lung surfactant keeps the lung sacs from collapsing.
D)Lung surfactant keeps the lungs from sticking to the diaphragm.

Question 26

Three weeks after conception,which of the following has happened in an embryo?

A)organ formation
B)neural tube formation
C)limb bud formation
D)primitive eye formation

Question 27

The sequence of development of sperm is:

A)primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, tertiary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm.
B)primary spermatocyte, spermatogonia, sperm.
C)immature sperm, mature sperm, secondary sperm, spermatocyte.
D)spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm.

Question 28

Immature versions of all the major organ systems have formed by about what point in pregnancy?

A)16 days
B)3 weeks
C)12 weeks
D)not until at least 30 weeks

Question 29

A man has been experiencing reduced urine flow problems.After examination by his doctor,the diagnosis is an enlarged prostate gland.What is the connection between prostate enlargement and reduced urine flow?

A)The prostate is located where the ureters enter the bladder.
B)The prostate surrounds the urethra, the tube that transmits sperm and urine.
C)An enlarged prostate is a sign of cancer that affects the kidneys.
D)An enlarged prostate is a sign of cancer that affects the bladder.

Question 30

Which of the following best describes the period during which the developing offspring is considered a fetus?

A)from fertilization to three weeks
B)from fertilization to eight weeks
C)the first trimester only
D)the third trimester only
E)from nine weeks until birth

Question 31

How many sperm participate in the formation of fraternal twins?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 32

What prevents multiple sperm from fertilizing one egg?

A)release of granules that harden the membrane outside of the oocyte
B)atresia
C)phagocytosis by accessory cells once one sperm contacts the membrane
D)egg immediately divides and becomes impervious to sperm

Question 33

What is the "afterbirth" associated with the birth process?

A)the amniotic fluid
B)the blood lost from the uterus in the weeks after birth
C)the placenta
D)the process of cutting the umbilical cord

Question 34

Which of these becomes the baby?

A)outer cell mass
B)trophoblast
C)inner cell mass
D)placenta

Question 35

Which of the following statements concerning sperm and fertilization is correct?

A)The first sperm that approaches the egg is the one to fertilize the egg.
B)Many sperm release their enzymes before one can get through.
C)The first capacitated sperm fertilizes the egg.
D)Several sperm must contribute their DNA to the egg for fertilization to occur.

Question 36

An ectopic pregnancy is:

A)implantation of the embryo in the uterus.
B)another name for fraternal twins.
C)another name for identical twins.
D)attachment of an embryo outside the uterus.

Question 37

In the human birth process,what does labor refer to?

A)the period between birth and expulsion of the placenta
B)the period between the first contraction and dilation of the cervix
C)the last part of the process when the fetus is expelled from the vagina
D)regular contractions of uterine muscles

Question 38

Why is it useful for accessory glands to produce alkaline substances to accompany sperm?

A)Alkaline substances neutralize the acidic environment of the vagina.
B)Alkaline substances produce a pH optimum for nutrient absorption.
C)Alkaline substances are mainly fats used for energy.
D)Alkaline substances function as enzymes needed for swimming.

Question 39

A fertility doctor is trying to determine why a couple is infertile.It has been determined that the woman is fertile,so the problem may be with the man.In analyzing his semen,the doctor notices adequate sperm production,but the sperm are largely inactive.He concludes that the semen may be lacking in proper nutrients for the sperm.Which structure would be the most likely candidate for the source of the problem?

A)urethra
B)seminiferous tubules
C)vas deferens
D)seminal vesicles

Question 40

Sperm development takes about:

A)1 month.
B)28 days.
C)6 months.
D)2)5 months.

Question 41

Ovulation refers to growth of the primary follicle.

Question 42

In humans,females contribute more resources to reproduction and development than males.

Question 43

There is an epididymis adjacent to each testis.

Question 44

How much does the cervix ultimately dilate during labor?

A)10 centimeters
B)5 centimeters
C)3 centimeters
D)1 centimeter

Question 45

Sperm develop in the seminal vesicles.

Question 46

Menstruation refers to the later life cessation of the monthly ovarian cycle.

Question 47

Sperm are fully mature when they reach the epididymis.

Question 48

An egg implants in the uterus and awaits sperm for fertilization.

Question 49

Ejaculation initially deposits the sperm in the uterus.

Question 50

As sperm are made,they travel through the vas deferens and are stored in the seminal vesicles until ejaculation.

Question 51

The male stem cells in sperm production are the spermatogonia.

Question 52

An egg is not a gamete.

Question 53

Semen is the mixture of sperm and secretions from male reproductive glands.

Question 54

Sperm development requires temperatures somewhat cooler than found in the rest of the body.

Question 55

Corpus luteum translates as "yellow body."

Question 56

Women produce oocytes from stem cells from puberty all throughout life.

Question 57

A woman begins puberty with about 400,000 follicles.

Question 58

An ovarian follicle is a developing oocyte and the follicular cells surrounding it.

Question 59

Normally,anywhere from one to four sperm fertilize the egg.

Question 60

Fallopian tube is another name for the uterine tube.

Question 61

Enzymes are carried in the ________ of a sperm.

Question 62

Implantation occurs in the ________ of the uterus.

Question 63

Evaluate this statement: By the end of the first trimester,most growth in a fetus is in size,not complexity.

Question 64

Human embryos do not go through a morula stage of development as do most other animals.

Question 65

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows.

Which item,A,B,C,D,or E,is a secondary spermatocyte?

Question 66

It generally takes the enzymes from dozens of sperm for one sperm to gain access to the oocyte membrane.

Question 67

The release of an oocyte from an ovary is called ________.

Question 68

Sperm cells do not need a nucleus and expel it during development as a weight-saving tactic.

Question 69

Primary and secondary ________ develop into spermatids.

Question 70

What is the long tube through which mature sperm are transported to the urethra during ejaculation?

Question 71

The normal position of the fetus at the start of labor is "upside down."

Question 72

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows.

Which item,A,B,C,D,or E,represents the structure that maintains the female reproductive tract during the early part of pregnancy?

Question 73

The developing organism is referred to as a fetus during its first eight weeks.

Question 74

Given the loss of childbearing ability and negative health effects associated with menopause,there is cause to question why it exists given that evolution usually selects against most negative health effects and reduced fertility.Appraise and compare the two possible explanations covered in this section.

Question 75

Which is the only trimester to include both the embryo and fetal stages?

Question 76

Propose reasons to explain why the female reproductive system evolved a menstrual cycle,but the male system does not adhere to any kind of true cycle.

Question 77

Human pregnancy lasts an average of about 38 weeks.