Deck 3: Ethical and Bioethical Issues

Question 1

A blind study is when:

A) researchers do not tell the subject what is being studied.
B) the subject does not know whether he is getting the trial drug or a placebo.
C) researchers give random test agents to the subject.
D) the subject is given the trial drug at random times.

Answer 1

B
In a blind study, the patient does not know whether he or she is getting the trial drug or a placebo. This ensures the patient will not have any preconceived effects of the drug so the patient will be more objective.

Question 2

The Baby M case involved:

A) in vitro fertilization.
B) using a surrogate.
C) artificial insemination.
D) sterilization.

Answer 2

B
When Mary Beth Whitehead agreed to be a surrogate mother for a couple, the Supreme Court granted parental rights to her, but awarded physical custody to the family who contracted the surrogate motherhood.

Question 3

This states that when a patient has irreversibly lost function of the entire brain and/or the circulatory and respiratory systems, they are considered to be dead.

A) Uniform Death Act
B) Uniform Determination of Death Act
C) Death Determination Act
D) Determination of Death Act

Answer 3

B
In 1980, the American Medical Association along with the American Bar Association and the American Academy of Neurology as well as other organizations developed and approved the Uniform Determination of Death Act, which determines when a patient is considered dead.

Question 4

One problem for a patient with a disease participating in a blind study drug trial is he or she may:

A) be too sick to participate.
B) think he or she will be cured.
C) be so desperate for a good outcome, he or she cannot be objective.
D) participate as a last resort for a cure, and may not receive anything for a long period of time.

Question 5

Euthanasia is a bioethical dilemma because:

A) many people do not believe in it.
B) physicians have to make the decision to let someone live or die.
C) many people feel that we should allow a patient to have autonomy over the method of their death.
D) many people do not believe in using artificial means to live.

Question 6

A male opts to undergo a vasectomy. This is considered:

A) voluntary sterilization.
B) involuntary sterilization.
C) contraception.
D) abortion.

Question 7

Which is not considered an advance directive?

A) Living will
B) Healthcare proxy
C) Durable power of attorney
D) Power of attorney

Question 8

Bioethics is defined as the field of study examining the ethical dilemmas surrounding:

A) advances in bioscience.
B) advances in diagnostic treatment procedures.
C) ethical issues surrounding medical research.
D) all of the above.

Question 9

An ethical dilemma of artificial insemination can be:

A) the woman may have too many babies as a result.
B) full consent was not obtained by the partner for implantation.
C) the woman may be too old.
D) the couple breaks up.

Question 10

The following key question is raised in debates about voluntary abortion.

A) When does human life begin?
B) How old must a patient be to receive a voluntary abortion?
C) Should parents be told about a minor requesting an abortion?
D) Should the father of the child have to approve the abortion?

Question 11

The term palliative care comes from the root that means to:

A) prolong.
B) end.
C) ease.
D) help.

Question 12

Implanting male sperm into the woman's vagina to aid in conception is called:

A) in vitro fertilization.
B) using a surrogate.
C) artificial insemination.
D) sterilization.

Question 13

Committees designed to review all research proposals and make sure research standards are met are called:

A) institutional ethics boards.
B) institutional morale boards.
C) institutional Q&A boards.
D) institutional review boards.

Question 14

Why is stem cell research so important?

A) Because they have the ability to divide and develop into many different types of cells
B) Because of the source of these cells
C) Because they are easily accessible
D) Because they can grow in laboratories

Question 15

What is the main issue in end-of-life decisions?

A) Quality of life
B) Physician's own beliefs
C) Extending someone's life without a certain level of comfort
D) Determining when death occurs

Question 16

A DNR order means the patient does not want resuscitation if he or she:

A) suffers a cardiopulmonary death.
B) suffers a stroke and cannot breathe.
C) has cancer and stops breathing.
D) is in an accident and is near death.

Question 17

Genetic engineering involves:

A) transferring diseases from one person to another.
B) the transfer of stem cells from one person to another.
C) surgery for a disease.
D) correcting the genetic code in chromosomes.

Question 18

When a woman's ova are harvested and combined with a partner's sperm cells and grown outside the womb, and then implanted into the uterus later, it is called:

A) in vitro fertilization.
B) using a surrogate.
C) artificial insemination.
D) sterilization.

Question 19

In the argument of when life begins, which of the following is not part of the argument?

A) The moment the sperm and ovum are joined
B) When the fertilized egg becomes an embryo at 8 to 14 days
C) When it becomes a fetus between the 18th and 19th week
D) When the child is born

Question 20

What is the main goal of ethical medical research?

A) Make advances in the medical field.
B) Make treating patients easier on the patient.
C) Restore or prevent illness, death, and disabilities caused by diseases.
D) Discover cures.

Question 21

What is the largest dilemma physicians face when dealing with insurance companies?

A) An insurance company determines what treatments they will cover.
B) An insurance company's decision is based on cost and profitability.
C) An insurance company does not always have the patient's best interest at heart.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 22

In the United States, the major problem with health insurance is that:

A) people do not know how to access new health insurance.
B) people would rather go to the emergency department for care so they do not have to pay anything up front.
C) many people are denied care because they do not have health insurance due to cost.
D) most people without health insurance do not receive any care.

Question 23

What are the cons of healthcare reform?

A) The slowness of care in noncritical situations and early diagnosis
B) Too many patients for one physician
C) No preventive care available
D) More control for the patient in healthcare decisions

Question 24

What is the main factor in deciding how to treat a patient?

A) What the physician thinks should happen
B) What the patient wants
C) What the family of the patient wants
D) What is in the best interest of the patient

Question 25

What is a benefit of healthcare reform?

A) Procedures and treatments would be less expensive.
B) All patients would be covered and nobody would go without care.
C) Patients would have more control over their healthcare.
D) Patients would be able to go anywhere to get treatment.