Deck 10: The Byzantine World, 284-1240

Question 1

Which man tried to revive paganism in the Byzantine Empire?

A) Justinian
B) Julian
C) Constantine
D) Theodosius

Answer 1

Julian

Question 2

At the Council of Nicaea, False beliefs contrary to Church doctrine were declared

A) orthodoxy.
B) caesaropapism.
C) heresy.
D) novelties.

Answer 2

heresy.

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT one of the four Eastern patriarchs?

A) Patriarch of Constantinople
B) Patriarch of Antioch
C) Patriarch of Alexandria
D) Patriarch of Rome

Answer 3

Patriarch of Rome

Question 4

Which of these set the model for imperial leadership in spiritual as well as secular affairs?

A) the Council of Nicaea
B) the Great Schism
C) the iconoclast controversy
D) the Nike riots

Question 5

Like the Byzantine Empire, the Sasanians were weakened by which of these in the 300s?

A) religious controversy
B) waves of plague
C) conflict on two frontiers
D) Arab attacks

Question 6

Which of the following statements about Empress Theodora is NOT True?

A) She was married to Justinian.
B) She was a strip-tease dancer.
C) She was the daughter of a circus acrobat.
D) She was crowned empress, but had little involvement in government.

Question 7

Which of the following accurately describes attitudes concerning religion and politics in the Byzantine Empire?

A) The emperor had both secular and religious authority.
B) The emperor should stay out of religious matters.
C) The emperor ruled as a secular leader and advised as a spiritual leader.
D) The emperor must avoid religious conflict at all costs.

Question 8

What was Justinian's main religious objection to the Germans who ruled Rome?

A) they were orthodox Christians
B) they were pagans
C) they were Arian Christians
D) they had not attended the Council of Nicaea

Question 9

Which of the following concepts was NOT accepted in the Byzantine Empire?

A) the Trinity
B) the equality of patriarchs
C) the divine right of kings
D) the separation of church and state

Question 10

Who claimed to be the "equal of the Apostles"?

A) orthodox priests
B) bishops of the western church
C) popes
D) Byzantine emperors

Question 11

Which of these was the greatest challenge to the Byzantine Empire from the east?

A) Lombards
B) Visigoths
C) Persia
D) Huns

Question 12

Under Justinian, what was the relationship between the eastern and western Roman empires?

A) Reunification was conceivable but unlikely.
B) Most of the ties between the two empires were still intact.
C) The two halves were more alike than different.
D) Justinian did not try to join the two under his rule.

Question 13

What advice did Theodora offer Justinian regarding the revolt of 532?

A) Flee the city.
B) Negotiate with the rebels.
C) Seek help from Rome.
D) Stay in Constantinople.

Question 14

Which of the following statements best describes the Byzantine concept of caesaropapism?

A) The emperor held both political and religious authority.
B) Religion and politics should be discussed only by men.
C) There should be a strict separation of church and state.
D) Patriarchs were superior in authority to emperors.

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning the Nicene Creed is NOT True?

A) Constantine presided over the council that drafted the creed.
B) It says that God created Jesus; therefore God is superior to Jesus.
C) It is still recited today by some Christian denominations.
D) It says that Christ is "of the same being" as God.

Question 16

Which man intervened in the Council of Nicaea?

A) Justinian
B) Justin
C) Constantine
D) Vladimir

Question 17

Bishops in the west were similar to __________ in the east.

A) kings
B) popes
C) patriarchs
D) preachers

Question 18

Justinian's Code was based on the principles of ______ law

A) Greek
B) Roman
C) Persian
D) Germanic.

Question 19

Which man proclaimed Christianity to be the official religion of the Roman Empire?

A) Justinian
B) Justin
C) Theodosius
D) Constantine

Question 20

Which of the following doctrines best states Arius's beliefs?

A) Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are one.
B) The bishop of Rome has the authority over the church.
C) God created Christ out of nothing.
D) The Blessed Trinity is composed of three coequal persons.

Question 21

What was the result of the Muslim attacks in the 670s?

A) Constantinople was taken.
B) The attacks were driven back to Syria.
C) The Byzantine Empire lost territory and became more isolated.
D) The Byzantine Empire finally defeated the Sasanids.

Question 22

How did the lives of Byzantine women change after invasions by Muslims?

A) Their activities were much more restricted.
B) Their status was actually elevated.
C) They were no longer expected to remain at home.
D) They enjoyed prominence in politics.

Question 23

Which of these advanced as far as the gates of Constantinople in the 620s?

A) the Sasanian emperor
B) the Visigoths
C) Arab Muslims
D) the Mongols

Question 24

Why did the Byzantine Empire experience a population decline in the 600s and 700s?

A) war with the Visigoths
B) Bubonic Plague
C) attacks by Attila
D) renewed war with the Ostrogoths

Question 25

How did Justinian differ from his successors?

A) He tried to unify the Old Roman Empire; they didn't.
B) He spoke Greek; they spoke Latin.
C) He was Christian; they were pagan.
D) He was Jewish; they were Christian.

Question 26

What were the hippodromes?

A) Greek plays adopted by Byzantine tragedians
B) outdoor arenas used for chariot races and athletic competitions
C) aqueducts used by the Romans
D) young male spectators who were either "Blues" or "Greens"

Question 27

In what respect was Justinian the last Roman emperor?

A) He was the last pagan eastern emperor.
B) He was the last eastern emperor to speak Latin.
C) He was the last to accept the authority of the pope over the Church.
D) He was the last acknowledged by the Roman Senate.

Question 28

What brought the end of efforts to reunite the eastern and western Roman Empires?

A) the arrival of the Visigoths in Rome
B) the Council of Nicaea
C) the death of Justinian
D) the Great Schism

Question 29

Which language became dominant in the Byzantine Empire?

A) Latin
B) Russian
C) Arabic
D) Greek

Question 30

What was the major threat to Byzantium in the late 900s?

A) Persia
B) Bulgaria
C) Seljuk Turks
D) Arab Muslims

Question 31

Which group of Christians believed that Jesus was actually two persons, one human and one divine?

A) Arians
B) Monophysites
C) Nestorians
D) Catholics

Question 32

What compelled the wave of iconoclasm in the 720s?

A) the Bubonic Plague
B) Muslim attacks
C) famine
D) the death of the emperor

Question 33

What is iconoclasm?

A) the worship of images
B) the creation of images
C) a banning of images
D) the breaking of images

Question 34

Which of these describe the impact of the Great Schism in 1054?

A) It made official a longstanding situation.
B) It was repudiated by the popes.
C) It was rejected by the patriarch of Constantinople.
D) It came as a surprise to most Byzantine clergy.

Question 35

Which of the following occurred at the battle at Manzikert?

A) The Seljuk armies were soundly defeated.
B) The Turks soundly defeat the Byzantine forces.
C) Basil II soundly defeated the Bulgars.
D) The Persians were defeated.

Question 36

Who finally defeated the Sasanians?

A) Arab Muslims.
B) the Visigoths
C) the Byzantine emperor Heracleios.
D) the Byzantine emperor Justinian.

Question 37

Which of the following statements accurately describes social life for Byzantine peasants?

A) Social life centered on religious services, holidays, and family celebrations.
B) Social life centered on commerce and politics.
C) Social life centered on drama and debate, much like life in ancient Athens.
D) Social life centered on chariot races and public entertainments.

Question 38

Which of the following was no longer an issue of dispute in the Byzantine Empire by 700?

A) the use of icons
B) the spiritual role of the emperor
C) the nature of Christ
D) the claims of the Roman church leaders

Question 39

Which of these typify the Byzantine Empire in the eleventh century?

A) One emperor rapidly replaced another.
B) A long period of stability occurred.
C) Recurrences of the plague disrupted society.
D) The Empire was conquered by Turks.

Question 40

Which group of Christians believed that Jesus was purely divine?

A) Arians
B) Monophysites
C) Nestorians
D) Catholics

Question 41

The first period of Kievan Russian history came to a discouraging end with the Kievan Prince Igor defeated and killed by the

A) Byzantines
B) Ottoman Turks
C) Khazars
D) Bulgars

Question 42

Which religion was adopted by Vladimir?

A) Judaism
B) Orthodox Christianity
C) Islam
D) Roman Catholicism

Question 43

Which of these tied the Kievan Rus to Byzantium in the 980s?

A) alliance against the Pechenegs
B) Byzantine defeat of Kiev
C) ties of marriage and religion
D) commercial alliance

Question 44

Who were the Polovtsy?

A) Turkish invaders from the steppes
B) inhabitants of Kiev
C) the Russian noble class
D) Siberian immigrants

Question 45

Caesaropapism preserved the separation of church and state.

Question 46

Which of the following statements concerning Russian geography is NOT True?

A) Russia was landlocked throughout most of its history.
B) Northern Russia is covered with treeless plains called steppes.
C) Russia is the most frigid, heavily populated land in the world.
D) Central Asian Russia suffers from both severe cold and inadequate moisture.

Question 47

The initial mortality rate from the bubonic form of the plague was 50 percent.

Question 48

Kiev's most glorious era began under the leadership of

A) Oleg.
B) Vladimir.
C) Iaroslav.
D) Monomakh.

Question 49

The boyars were the Russian

A) peasants.
B) commoners.
C) aristocrats.
D) farmers.

Question 50

As the Turks prepared to conquer the Byzantine Empire, they planned to take advantage of the conflict between Armenia and Byzantium. What was the root cause of this conflict?

A) racial differences
B) political differences
C) a failed marriage between an Armenian princess and the Byzantine emperor
D) religious differences

Question 51

Why was the Dnieper so important to Kiev?

A) It was a defense against the Pechenegs.
B) It connected Kiev with the Baltic Sea.
C) It connected the city to principal trade routes to the southwest.
D) It was a direct route to Constantinople.

Question 52

Why did Kievan commerce decline in the eleventh century?

A) Ties to southern trading regions were severed.
B) Civil war disrupted trade.
C) outbreaks of plague killed many city dwellers.
D) Alliance with the Roman church brought a schism with Constantinople.

Question 53

Which group of people completed the Islamic conquest of West Asia in 1453?

A) the Seljuks
B) the Fatimids
C) the Kiev Russians
D) the Ottoman Turks

Question 54

The Third Period of Kievan Russian history would be best described as

A) an era of peace and prosperity.
B) the most glorious era of its history.
C) a period of chaos and conflict.
D) a Dark Age about which little is known.

Question 55

Herakleios led the Byzantines in defeating the Persians.

Question 56

The Council of Nicaea upheld the teachings of Arius.

Question 57

The Kievan Russian state was first established in the late 9th century under

A) Prince Oleg
B) Prince Vladimir
C) Emperor Stanislas
D) Prince Igor

Question 58

Julian tried to revive paganism and reverse the trend toward Christianity.

Question 59

What was the advantage of the three-field system?

A) multiple crops could be grown at the same time
B) soil fertility and food production were enhanced
C) there was less need for irrigation
D) fruits and vegetables could be grown along with grain

Question 60

Which of these ruled Kiev at the height of its power?

A) Vladimir
B) Iaroslav the Wise
C) Prince Igor
D) Sviatoslav

Question 61

What issue was settled by the Council of Nicaea?

Question 62

Discuss the Council of Nicaea and the subsequent adoption of the Nicene Creed.

Question 63

Justinian tried to reunite the eastern and western Roman empires.

Question 64

Evaluate changing gender roles for women after Islamic conquest.

Question 65

Who defeated the Bulgarians in 1018?

Question 66

Evaluate the contributions of Justinian to western civilization.

Question 67

Why was Emperor Julian called "the Apostate"?

Question 68

What disease decimated the Byzantine population in the 500s?

Question 69

Who captured and defeated Romanus at the battle of Manzikert in1071?

Question 70

Evaluate the effects of Byzantine Christianity on Kievan society.

Question 71

From what city was the first Russian state built?

Question 72

Under Vladimir, Russian Christians rejected Byzantine doctrine.

Question 73

Kiev was the sole Russian realm that was never conquered by the Mongols.

Question 74

Justinian's Code made Byzantine law inflexible.

Question 75

Who was the head of the Byzantine Church?

Question 76

Sviatoslav waged war against Bulgaria, the Khazars, and the Pechenegs.

Question 77

Where in the Byzantine world was Monophysitism strongest?

Question 78

Discuss the social lives of Byzantine peasants.

Question 79

What was Justinian's main objection to German rule in Rome?

Question 80

Which man believed that God created Christ, therefore, Christ was not equal with God?