Deck 22: Southern Asia and the Global Shift in Wealth and Power, 1500-1800

Question 1

By about 1650, the focus of the global economy shifted from the Indian Ocean to the

A) Pacific Ocean.
B) Mediterranean Sea.
C) land routes.
D) Atlantic Ocean.

Answer 1

Atlantic Ocean.

Question 2

Vasco de Gama attacked Calicut and mutilated Muslim seamen because

A) they refused his offer to open trade relations.
B) Muslims had killed his Portuguese merchants in India.
C) they attacked him on his way back from Brazil.
D) they refused to sell him opium.

Answer 2

Muslims had killed his Portuguese merchants in India.

Question 3

Alfonso de Albuquerque's main aim was to

A) destroy Islam.
B) destroy Hinduism.
C) spread Calvinism.
D) spread Buddhism.

Answer 3

destroy Islam.

Question 4

The battle of Plassey demonstrated

A) the superior weaponry of the Indians.
B) the power of commerce in building empires.
C) the power of anti-British Indian nationalism.
D) the superiority of British military leadership.

Question 5

The three principal British ports in India were

A) Bombay, Calcutta, and New Delhi.
B) New Delhi, Bombay, and Madras.
C) Madras, Calcutta, and New Delhi.
D) Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay.

Question 6

Why did trade in the Indian Ocean initially run counter to mercantilism?

A) Indian traders had no interest in selling to Europeans.
B) The trade produced a gold drain out of Europe.
C) There were no goods in the region of interest to Europeans.
D) Hindu rulers refused to trade with Christians.

Question 7

How did Europeans change the Indian Ocean trade?

A) They first introduced trade to the region.
B) They made it a part of a global economy.
C) They were the first to make the Indian Ocean a trading region.
D) They were the first to link India to Africa through trade.

Question 8

When did Portuguese explorers first reach India?

A) 1460s
B) 1490s
C) 1530s
D) 1570s

Question 9

Which of these was NOT a factor in the British construction of textile factories in India in the 1600s?

A) To create a triangular trade and lessen the drain of gold from Britain.
B) Because Indian labor was cheaper than British.
C) They found it improved their buying power.
D) Cloth was the only commodity of interest to British consumers.

Question 10

Which European power first established control over Goa and the Straits of Malacca?

A) Holland
B) Portugal
C) Spain
D) England

Question 11

Which of these was NOT one of the great Islamic empires of the 1600s and 1700s?

A) Safavid Persian Empire
B) Mughal Empire
C) Delhi Sultanate
D) Ottoman Empire

Question 12

India preferred to trade with the Portuguese as opposed to other Europeans because the Portuguese

A) did not try to convert them to Christianity.
B) brought goods that the other Europeans did not have.
C) paid in gold.
D) were not interested in colonizing the area.

Question 13

Which of these made it so difficult for South and Southeast Asians to understand the motives of the Europeans they dealt with?

A) The European religions were so different from the local religions.
B) The motives were so sharply varied.
C) European commercial practices were hard for Indians and Southeast Asians to understand.
D) The European interest in trade was hard to understand for devout Muslims and Hindus.

Question 14

Albuquerque was sent to India to protect

A) Dutch traders.
B) Portuguese traders.
C) English traders.
D) Spanish traders.

Question 15

Which group dominated Southeast Asian trade and eventually established sovereignty over Indonesia in the 16th and 17th centuries?

A) French
B) Dutch
C) English
D) Portuguese

Question 16

The Ottoman Empire included all of the following in 1600 EXCEPT

A) Greece.
B) Anatolia (present-day Turkey)
C) Iran.
D) Syria.

Question 17

Southern Asia's major trading region was India's southwestern seaboard known as the

A) Pondicherry coast.
B) Hindu coast.
C) Indian coast.
D) Malabar coast.

Question 18

What event set in motion the European entry into the Indian Ocean trade?

A) the accession of Suleiman the Magnificent
B) the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople
C) the emergence of the Safavid Empire
D) the launching of the Crusades

Question 19

Siraj-ud-Daulah's commanding general betrayed him

A) for financial gain.
B) for a military position in the British army.
C) because Siraj had an affair with his wife.
D) because he converted to Christianity.

Question 20

Which of these countries initially competed for control of trade with India?

A) the Netherlands and Britain
B) Portugal and France
C) France and Britain
D) the Netherlands and Portugal

Question 21

Which of these describe the Marathas in the 1700s?

A) a Muslim group in control of the Deccan
B) the Mughal rulers of India
C) a growing Hindu political force
D) a league of Muslim princes

Question 22

Which of these groups was most disturbed by weakening Mughal authority in the 1700s?

A) Hindus
B) Sikhs
C) Muslims
D) Buddhists

Question 23

What event marked the end of Mughals power?

A) the British capture of Bombay.
B) the Persian sack of Delhi.
C) Mughal conversion to Hinduism.
D) Mughal defeat by the nawabs.

Question 24

Which of these shifts took place in Southeast Asia after 1815?

A) Europeans moved from commercial exploitation to colonization.
B) Europeans lost interest in the spice trade.
C) Muslim rulers were successful in regaining control of their lands.
D) Growing Japanese power displaced European traders.

Question 25

Why did Nadir Shah invade India in 1739, sacking Delhi?

A) to move against the Hindu Mughal rulers
B) to punish the Mughals for failing to help Persia
C) in retaliation for the Mughal attack on Persepolis
D) because the Persians and Mughals had long been enemies

Question 26

By the time the Portuguese arrived in 1511, Malaya and Indonesia were majority

A) Catholic.
B) Hindu.
C) Muslim.
D) Sikh.

Question 27

Who ruled the territories between the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire?

A) Buyid Persia
B) Safavid Persia
C) Timur Lenk
D) the eastern Ottomans

Question 28

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the French East India Company and the British East India Company?

A) They worked together to establish European supremacy in India.
B) They largely ignored each other, as their knowledge of each other was limited.
C) They were bitter rivals.
D) They were started by the same European merchant.

Question 29

What was the influence of Portuguese conquerors on Islam in Southeast Asia?

A) Most Muslims embraced Sufism.
B) Islam spread and grew in strength.
C) Islam all but disappeared.
D) Islam merged with local pantheism.

Question 30

Why were the Dutch less interested in Christian proselytizing than the other European groups in southeast Asia?

A) Many of them had converted to Hinduism.
B) Many of them had converted to Islam.
C) They were Calvinist, for whom all were already saved or damned.
D) They were Catholic.

Question 31

The Dutch were denied access to Lisbon's pepper and spice markets because

A) these were Portugal's most lucrative markets.
B) the Dutch had caused conflict in Indonesia.
C) the Dutch were Calvinists who had gained independence from Spain.
D) India controlled those markets, and India was under British domination.

Question 32

By 1800, who controlled most of India?

A) Britain
B) France
C) the Mughals
D) nawabs

Question 33

Britain's "jewel in the crown" was

A) India.
B) Indonesia.
C) China.
D) South Africa.

Question 34

Which of the following best describes Mughal rule?

A) centered in northern India
B) unified all of India
C) converted all of India to Islam
D) never extended authority to central or southern India

Question 35

The French East India Company recalled François Dupleix to France after he

A) converted to Hinduism.
B) converted to Islam.
C) married a the daughter of a local Maratha leader.
D) was defeated by Robert Clive.

Question 36

Which of these ruled India in the 1600s?

A) the Delhi sultans
B) the Maratha
C) the Mughals
D) the Hindu League

Question 37

Before the overthrow of Iskandar, the Indonesian kingdom of Srivijaya was predominantly

A) Buddhist.
B) Hindu.
C) Muslim.
D) Sikh.

Question 38

What was the status of India after 1739?

A) India was divided into a Hindu north and Muslim south.
B) India dissolved into many small states.
C) Persia ruled India until about 1850.
D) The Mughal emperors reasserted direct control.

Question 39

Which leader destroyed the Mughal legacy of tolerance and benevolence?

A) al-Wahhab
B) Robert Clive
C) Siraj-ud-Daulah
D) Aurangzeb

Question 40

In which Southeast Asian nation did the Dutch supremacy replace Portuguese power?

A) India
B) Vietnam
C) Korea
D) Indonesia

Question 41

Who founded the first Wahhabist state?

A) Shah Safi
B) Sultan Selim
C) Amir Ibn Saud
D) Nadir Shah

Question 42

How did the emergence of the Qajar dynasty influence Shi'ism in Persia?

A) The Shi'ite clergy dominated Persian politics.
B) Shi'ites became a tolerated minority.
C) Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims reached reconciliation.
D) Shi'ites were harshly persecuted.

Question 43

Islam conquered India but never fully converted it, as Hinduism remained the dominant faith.

Question 44

By 1818, Wahhabism survived only in

A) Egypt.
B) the Ottoman Empire.
C) Arabia.
D) Persia.

Question 45

Which of these dominated Islam in Arabia in the 1700s?

A) Shi'ite orthodoxy
B) Wahhabism
C) Sunni orthodoxy
D) Sufism

Question 46

What was the status of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s?

A) modernized and revived
B) weakened and reactionary
C) torn by Wahhabism and economically weak
D) divided but modernized

Question 47

Which country emerged as Eastern Europe's dominant power in the 1700s?

A) Finland
B) Turkey
C) Russia
D) Sweden

Question 48

Shi'ite holy cities in Iraq were raided by the

A) Persians.
B) Ottoman Turks.
C) Wahhabists.
D) Dutch.

Question 49

The Marathas were devout Muslims.

Question 50

After 1800, which state was known as the "sick man of Europe"?

A) Russia
B) Ottoman Empire
C) Seljuk Empire
D) France

Question 51

The Mughals were finally successful in achieving tolerance for all in India.

Question 52

In which of these efforts was Nadir Shah successful?

A) reconciling Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims under his rule
B) defeating the Mughal emperor
C) establishing a lasting dynasty
D) bringing stability to Persia

Question 53

Safi sequestered all of the royal princes to

A) keep them safe from harm by ambitious generals.
B) keep them safe from harm by the Turks.
C) train them in the ways of the court.
D) minimize the possibility of the brothers fighting each other for the throne.

Question 54

Russia established supremacy in Eastern Europe after its victory over

A) Finland.
B) Prussia.
C) Sweden.
D) Britain.

Question 55

How did Persia differ from many other Muslim states in the 1700s?

A) Persia did not modernize.
B) Persia was more tolerant.
C) Persia had less wealth.
D) Persia westernized and modernized.

Question 56

The Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji secured access to the Black Sea for the

A) Turks.
B) British.
C) Swedes.
D) Russians.

Question 57

Russia established supremacy in eastern Europe under the leadership of

A) Catherine the Great.
B) Peter the Great.
C) Ivan the Terrible.
D) Nicholas II.

Question 58

According to Shi'ite clergy, the right to rule Persia was reserved for

A) the shah.
B) the Twelfth Imam.
C) Abbas I.
D) the Messiah.

Question 59

The Persian sack of Delhi marked the end of the centralized authority of the Mughal Empire.

Question 60

The viceroy Afonso d'Albuquerque was a devout Catholic who wanted to destroy Islam.

Question 61

Who were the nawabs?

Question 62

For whose return did the Shi'ites anxiously await?

Question 63

Who was the leader of the British forces at Plassey?

Question 64

Britain's "jewel in the crown" was India.

Question 65

Why was Safi's heir unprepared to inherit the throne?

Question 66

What was the "sick man of Europe," and what country coined this phrase?

Question 67

Discuss the shifting balances of power and commerce in Southeast Asia in the 1600s and 1700s.

Question 68

Discuss Wahhabi ideology and doctrine.

Question 69

Russia's victory over Sweden established Russian domination in Eastern Europe.

Question 70

Indonesia was once known as the Dutch East Indies.

Question 71

Who were the Marathas?

Question 72

Discuss the differences in the European groups competing for power in Southeast Asia.

Question 73

Urdu is a blend of what two languages?

Question 74

Evaluate the reasons for the decline of the Ottoman Empire.

Question 75

Which man founded the trading state of Melaka?

Question 76

Where was the Wahhabist movement established?

Question 77

Sufi mystics refused to participate in any Hindu practices, leading to a complete rejection of Islam in Southeast Asia.

Question 78

Evaluate the significance of Indian Ocean trade to the stability and success of the Islamic Empires.

Question 79

How did rivalries among powers in Europe play out in the Indian Ocean trading world?

Question 80

Which form of Islam did Indonesians and Malays find to be compatible with Hinduism?