Deck 49: Bloodstream Infections

Question 1

A factor that contributes to the initiation of bloodstream infections is

A)immunosuppressive agents.
B)broad-spectrum antibiotics that suppress the normal flora.
C)invasive procedures.
D)prolonged survival of debilitated and seriously ill patients.
E)All of the above are correct.

Answer 1

E
Factors that contribute to the initiation of bloodstream infections are immunosuppressive agents, widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics that suppress the normal flora and allow the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria, invasive procedures that allow bacteria access to the interior of the host, more extensive surgical procedures, and prolonged survival of debilitated and seriously ill patients.

Question 2

In the case of infants and small children, how much blood can usually be drawn for bacterial culture?

A)No more than 10 mL
B)1 to 5 mL
C)0.5 mL
D)1 mL

Answer 2

B
It is not safe to take large samples of blood from children, especially infants. It is safe to obtain as much as 4% to 4.5% of a patient's known total blood volume for culture or other tests. For infants and small children, only 1 to 5 mL of blood can usually be drawn for bacterial culture.

Question 3

Match the terms with their meaning.a.Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection
b.An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria
c.A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium
d.An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture
e.An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection.
Extravascular bloodstream infections

Answer 3

A
The two major categories of bloodstream infections are intravascular and extravascular. Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection are called extravascular infections.

Question 4

Match the terms with their meaning.a.A lipopolysaccharide comprising part of the cell wall structure of gram-negative bacteria that has a strong effect on several physiologic functions during septicemia
b.A condition in which bacteria or their products (toxins) are causing harm to the host
c.The syndrome in which bacteremia causes disease, characterized by fever, acute respiratory distress, shock, renal failure, intravascular coagulation, and tissue destruction
d.Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection
Septic shock

Question 5

Match the terms with their meaning.a.Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection
b.An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria
c.A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium
d.An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture
e.An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection.
Vegetation

Question 6

Match the terms with their meaning.a.Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection
b.An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria
c.A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium
d.An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture
e.An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection.
Mycotic aneurysm

Question 7

The most common portal of entry for bacteremia is

A)the genitourinary tract.
B)the respiratory tract.
C)an abscess.
D)a surgical wound infection.

Question 8

Match the terms with their meaning.a.Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness
b.The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products
c.A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream
d.The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate
e.Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system
Intermittent bacteremia

Question 9

Match the terms with their meaning.a.Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness
b.The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products
c.A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream
d.The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate
e.Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system
Intravascular bloodstream infections

Question 10

Match the terms with their meaning.a.Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness
b.The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products
c.A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream
d.The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate
e.Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system
Fungemia

Question 11

Match the terms with their meaning.a.Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection
b.An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria
c.A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium
d.An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture
e.An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection.
Infective endocarditis

Question 12

Match the terms with their meaning.a.Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection
b.An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria
c.A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium
d.An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture
e.An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection.
Suppurative thrombophlebitis

Question 13

Match the terms with their meaning.a.A lipopolysaccharide comprising part of the cell wall structure of gram-negative bacteria that has a strong effect on several physiologic functions during septicemia
b.A condition in which bacteria or their products (toxins) are causing harm to the host
c.The syndrome in which bacteremia causes disease, characterized by fever, acute respiratory distress, shock, renal failure, intravascular coagulation, and tissue destruction
d.Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection
Endotoxin

Question 14

Match the terms with their meaning.a.Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness
b.The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products
c.A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream
d.The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate
e.Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system
Disseminate

Question 15

Match the terms with their meaning.a.Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness
b.The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products
c.A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream
d.The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate
e.Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system
Transient bacteremia

Question 16

Infective endocarditis, mycotic aneurysm, suppurative thrombophlebitis, and intravenous, catheter-associated bacteremia are

A)within the vascular system.
B)caused by organisms that are present in the bloodstream at a fairly constant rate.
C)continuous bacteremias.
D)extremely serious and considered life-threatening.
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 17

Match the terms with their meaning.a.A lipopolysaccharide comprising part of the cell wall structure of gram-negative bacteria that has a strong effect on several physiologic functions during septicemia
b.A condition in which bacteria or their products (toxins) are causing harm to the host
c.The syndrome in which bacteremia causes disease, characterized by fever, acute respiratory distress, shock, renal failure, intravascular coagulation, and tissue destruction
d.Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection
Septicemia