Deck 13: Body Defense Mechanisms

Question 1

Antibodies do all of these things except ________.

A)activate complement cascade
B)attract phagocytes
C)stimulate helper T cells
D)neutralize toxins

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is it called when a person releases stored memory B and T cells in response to a second encounter with an antigen?

A)secondary response
B)innate response
C)immunity
D)primary response

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A system that consists of a group of 20 proteins whose activities enhance the body's other defense mechanisms is called ________.

A)antigen
B)antibodies
C)mast cell
D)complement

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Antigens are substances that the immune system does not recognize as self.Which of the following are antigens?

A)strep throat bacteria
B)cancer cells in the lung
C)HIV
D)All of these can act as antigens.

Question 5

This group of proteins can actually punch holes in pathogenic cells.

A)complement system
B)histamines
C)fibrinogens
D)interleukin I

Question 6

Patrice exhibits extreme pain,fever,swelling,and redness in several of his joints.He knows that he has not experienced trauma to those areas and has no allergies or cancers.Based on the information in the textbook what would be the name for this type of reaction?

A)dermatomyocytitis
B)encephalitis
C)anaphylactic shock
D)autoimmune

Question 7

These white blood cells attack virus-infected cells in the body.

A)helper T cells
B)cytotoxic T cells
C)suppressor T cells
D)plasma cells

Question 8

Why are severe burn patients at extreme risk of infection?

A)The skin is the first and primary barrier to preventing ingress of foreign substances.
B)These patients have to stay in a hospital environment for a long time while being exposed to sick people.
C)Most immune system cells are destroyed when the skin is damaged.
D)The skin helps with the production of vitamin E, a necessary disease-fighting vitamin.

Question 9

Descendant cells that are long-lived and "remember" a particular invader and mount a rapid intense response to it if it should reappear are ________.

A)macrophage
B)memory cells
C)suppressor cells
D)helper cells

Question 10

If a disease attacked this type of white blood cell,a person would no longer be able to mobilize his or her specific defenses.

A)plasma cells
B)helper T lymphocytes
C)cytotoxic T lymphocytes
D)B lymphocytes

Question 11

A child may be given the vaccine for chickenpox.If the child goes to school and plays with other children who have the chickenpox virus,the vaccinated child will not get sick.Why is this?

A)Vaccines act like antibiotics so that any organism in the body will be destroyed before the immune system has to respond.
B)Vaccines introduce a friendly virus into cells so they cannot be infected with a second virus.
C)Vaccines produce a primary response so a second exposure allows for a larger and more rapid response.
D)Vaccines stimulate macrophages to work extra hard to fight infections.

Question 12

Juana is exhibiting redness,swelling,and elevated temperature in one area of her arm.She has a condition known as ________.

A)complement cascade.
B)inflammation
C)asthma
D)passive immunity

Question 13

Which is a type of lymphocyte that forms in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland?

A)lymphoma
B)T cell
C)B cell
D)leukotriene

Question 14

Any substance that triggers an immune response in the body is called a(n)________.

A)MHC marker
B)memory cell
C)antigen
D)complement

Question 15

Which antibody has the shape of a pentamer,or 5-sided arrangement?

A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgM
D)IgG

Question 16

The eye is a warm,moist environment favored by many harmful bacteria.Nevertheless,eye infections are relatively rare.Why is this?

A)The enzyme tearase inhibits bacterial growth.
B)Tears contain the antibacterial enzyme lysozyme.
C)The eyes are constantly exposed to UV light, which inhibits bacterial growth.
D)Antibodies, particularly IgM, are secreted in abundance in the tears.

Question 17

Ivonna,15,was exposed to the measles virus 13 days ago but doesn't seem to be getting sick.She was sick from the disease when she was 10 so her body has most likely activated this reaction.

A)secondary response
B)primary response
C)final response
D)anabasic

Question 18

Allergens combine with IgE to cause mast cells to release ________.

A)interferons
B)histamine
C)plasma cells
D)interleukin I

Question 19

Which of the following can be defined as small proteins that are secreted from virally infected cells to prevent the spread of the infection?

A)macrophage
B)mast cells
C)immunoglobins
D)interferons

Question 20

Which of the following is capable of resetting the thermostat of the body to cause a fever?

A)antigen
B)perforin
C)complement
D)pyrogen

Question 21

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Eosinophils
B)Autoimmune disorders
C)Third line of defense
D)Neutrophils
E)Plasma cells
F)Second line of defense
G)Cytotoxic T cells
H)First line of defense
I)Mast cells
If you had none of these cells,you could no longer make antibodies.

Question 22

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Eosinophils
B)Autoimmune disorders
C)Third line of defense
D)Neutrophils
E)Plasma cells
F)Second line of defense
G)Cytotoxic T cells
H)First line of defense
I)Mast cells
These occur when the immune system fails to properly identify self from non-self,which results in an attack on the tissues or organs.

Question 23

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Eosinophils
B)Autoimmune disorders
C)Third line of defense
D)Neutrophils
E)Plasma cells
F)Second line of defense
G)Cytotoxic T cells
H)First line of defense
I)Mast cells
If you have a parasite,these white blood cells go into action.

Question 24

Abdul,who is 6 years old and beginning his first day of school,comes into his classroom where some other children are eating peanuts.Within a few minutes he complains of dizziness and seems to be struggling to breathe.You suspect ________.

A)chickenpox
B)anaphylactic shock
C)cancer
D)Kaposi's sarcoma

Question 25

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Eosinophils
B)Autoimmune disorders
C)Third line of defense
D)Neutrophils
E)Plasma cells
F)Second line of defense
G)Cytotoxic T cells
H)First line of defense
I)Mast cells
Line of defense in which the production of antibodies is involved.

Question 26

________ are less discriminating than some phagocytic cells,and attack and kill anything not recognized as part of the body.

Question 27

________ is the procedure in which a harmless form of an antigen is introduced in order to stimulate an immune response to that antigen.

Question 28

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Eosinophils
B)Autoimmune disorders
C)Third line of defense
D)Neutrophils
E)Plasma cells
F)Second line of defense
G)Cytotoxic T cells
H)First line of defense
I)Mast cells
Effector T cells responsible for the cell-mediated immune response.

Question 29

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Eosinophils
B)Autoimmune disorders
C)Third line of defense
D)Neutrophils
E)Plasma cells
F)Second line of defense
G)Cytotoxic T cells
H)First line of defense
I)Mast cells
Line of defense with the skin barrier as an example.

Question 30

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Eosinophils
B)Autoimmune disorders
C)Third line of defense
D)Neutrophils
E)Plasma cells
F)Second line of defense
G)Cytotoxic T cells
H)First line of defense
I)Mast cells
Small mobile connective tissues cells that,along with basophils,release histamine,which causes redness at the site of damage or illness.

Question 31

________ are lymphocytes that mature in the thymus.

Question 32

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Eosinophils
B)Autoimmune disorders
C)Third line of defense
D)Neutrophils
E)Plasma cells
F)Second line of defense
G)Cytotoxic T cells
H)First line of defense
I)Mast cells
These white blood cells arrive first in the attack against invaders and consume the pathogens.

Question 33

According to preliminary tests Alexandra has liver cancer but the mass is inoperable and hard to localize.In order to administer x-ray beam therapy safely and effectively,the doctors must find the exact location of the cancer.Which of the following methods would be best in this situation?

A)radioactive monoclonal antibodies
B)florescence-linked B-cells
C)activated neutrophils
D)enormous mast cell injections

Question 34

________ are molecules that signal to the immune system that particular cells belong to a host.

Question 35

An example of a(n)________ barrier is lysozyme found in tears and saliva.

Question 36

Monoclonal antibodies are useful in treating cancer when radioactive materials or tumor-killing drugs are attached to them.How is it that these cancer-killing methods are delivered only to the tumor and not to other healthy cells?

A)Antibodies will specifically bind to the antigen target for which they are designed, here a cancer cell.
B)Antibodies will attach to any cancer cell found, even if there are several different types present.
C)Antibodies will stimulate the actions of T helper cells to fight the cancer.
D)Antibodies will stimulate the actions of cytotoxic T cells to fight the cancer.

Question 37

________ are organisms capable of invading the body and causing disease.

Question 38

If all of these hair-like structures,called ________,in respiratory passages suddenly stopped working,a person would probably have more respiratory infections.

Question 39

A (n)________ is an overreaction by the immune system to an antigen.

Question 40

The ________ occurs when body tissues are injured or damaged,and includes redness,heat,and swelling.

Question 41

Allergy shots require many injections over long periods of time to be effective.Why can't the body get over an allergy with just a couple of injections?

Question 42

What are the three strategies for defending against foreign organisms,cells,or molecules?

Question 43

Briefly explain the first line of defense that prevents pathogens from invading the body.

Question 44

Zacchias has been in a horrible fire and 50% of the total surface of his skin has been destroyed.Given the information in this chapter,why is it so important to replace the burned skin and what is his best specific option for replacement?

Question 45

One type of bacteria,called gram-negative bacteria,has a pyrogen molecule that is part of its membrane structure.This endogenous pyrogen is released when the cell is destroyed by the immune system.Why would a severe gram-negative bacterial infection be particularly dangerous to a patient?

Question 46

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Eosinophils
B)Autoimmune disorders
C)Third line of defense
D)Neutrophils
E)Plasma cells
F)Second line of defense
G)Cytotoxic T cells
H)First line of defense
I)Mast cells
Line of defense that involves natural killer cells.

Question 47

Lupus is a disease in which the immune system produces antibodies that attach to various tissues throughout the body,which initiates massive inflammation and tissue death.What type of disease is this,and what sort of treatment may prove effective?