Deck 28: a Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Gee Yee was jogging up the hill next to your house when he suddenly had terrible,suffocating pain in his chest.You called the EMTs (Emergency Medical Technicians)and he was rushed to the emergency room where they will most likely perform this test with an x-ray machine.

A)C-reactive protein
B)coronary angiography
C)electrocardiogram
D)western blot

Answer 1

B

Question 2

How could lipids lead to a myocardial infarction?

Answer 2

The fat,arriving via LDLs (low-density lipoproteins),will be deposited on the arterial lining,which stimulates inflammation.The smooth muscle layer of the arteries will enlarge in response to the inflammatory (or defense)cells and that will result in thicker arterial walls.Some defensive cells will take up more lipids and fatty streaks will form on the arterial wall.These processes produce plaques,which can narrow the passageway within the artery,reducing blood flow.The plaque could rupture and a blood clot may form.At that point,the artery may be so narrow that the cells it serves will no longer get the oxygen they need and then die.When this happens in the heart,it can cause heart attack.

Question 3

Viagra® works by dilating the arteries to the penis and other parts of the body.Why shouldn't a person use nitroglycerin at the same time that they are using Viagra®?

Answer 3

Both drugs will reduce the blood pressure (because they dilate blood vessels)and the combination may cause it to become so low that the person's heart can no longer pump sufficient blood to the vital organs.

Question 4

In terms of public health,the major lethal effect of smoking is ________.

A)lung cancer
B)oral-facial cancer
C)peptic ulcers
D)cardiovascular disease

Question 5

Which of the following lifestyle changes might be used to treat or prevent high blood pressure?

A)limit dietary salt
B)exercise regularly
C)control body weight
D)All of the above could help with high blood pressure.

Question 6

What are some ways that hypertension can kill?

Question 7

During the summer of 2010,there were very large forest fires in Western Russia.The cloud spread at some point over 1,000 miles (approximately 1600 km),enveloping a number of cities.The smoke was thicker than any you would see in a tobacco store! Based on the information in this chapter alone,why do you think the daily death rate due to heart disease in Moscow doubled during that time?

Question 8

When a leg vein is grafted to provide an alternate route around a point of obstruction between the aorta and a clogged coronary artery,the procedure is called ________.

A)angioplasty
B)stent
C)coronary bypass
D)coronary infarction

Question 9

Which of the following is caused by nicotine in cigarette smoke?

A)faster heart rate
B)constriction of blood vessels
C)increased stickiness of platelets
D)All of the above are true.

Question 10

In which of these patients might Dr.Singh most appropriately prescribe a diuretic? The numbers represent their blood pressures.

A)6/66
B)20/80
C)25/75
D)60/90

Question 11

Ashante is having surgery for a blocked coronary artery.The physician is inserting a catheter with a tiny balloon to open the blocked vessel.What is this procedure called and what else might the physician do to keep the artery open in the long term?

Question 12

Heart attacks can be caused by a blood clot blocking a coronary artery; this condition is called a (an)________.

A)coronary thrombosis
B)coronary bypass
C)stent
D)angioplasty

Question 13

Which of the following might be an indicator of atherosclerosis?

A)inflammatory chemicals in the blood
B)high HDL levels in the blood stream
C)quiet lifestyle
D)low blood pressure