Deck 4: Information Gathering: Interactive Methods

Question 1

Which structure should be used when you want to warm up the interviewee to a topic?

A)funnel
B)pyramid
C)diamond
D)oval

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A JAD session involves:

A)casual planning, since the interaction between users is when the activity occurs in a creative fashion.
B)using a session leader that has excellent communication skills.
C)having a systems analyst as a session leader.
D)note-taking by all the individuals within the session.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is not an advantage of using Joint Application Design (JAD)?

A)Users have improved ownership of the system.
B)The time to develop the system is reduced.
C)JAD works independent of organizational culture.
D)JAD helps to generate new ideas.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of JAD sessions?

A)JAD requires a commitment of a large block of time from the users.
B)If the preparation for a JAD session is inadequate, it may result is a less than satisfactory design.
C)Only one or two users have input into a JAD session.
D)The organizational culture may not support a JAD session.

Question 5

The written interview report:

A)should be written as soon as possible after the interview.
B)should be a transcript of the interview.
C)should not be shown to the interviewee since it may contain interview opinions that may not be perceived as favorable.
D)should not contain the user's name or position.

Question 6

Which of these interview structures begins with the general and ends with the specific?

A)circle
B)diamond
C)funnel
D)pyramid

Question 7

Which of the following should be used to prepare the interviewee?

A)Email your questions to the interviewee ahead of time so that he/she can formulate responses.
B)Tell the interviewee the type and format of the questions.
C)Let the interviewee know the names of other people that you have interviewed.
D)Ask the interviewee what he/she would like to be questioned about.

Question 8

Which kind of question is easiest to analyze?

A)closed
B)open
C)probe
D)tactical

Question 9

JAD sessions may be used when:

A)user groups are restless and want something new.
B)organizational culture is very individualistic and the employees need to learn how to relate to one another.
C)the users are pressed for time and cannot get away for the block of time required for many interviews.
D)the questions are very closed and the analysts are not concerned about idea generation.

Question 10

Which term is defined as "what people in the organization say they want"?

A)attitudes
B)behavior
C)beliefs
D)characteristics

Question 11

JAD sessions:

A)are used when several interviews, with several users, contain only closed, detailed questions.
B)are used when the users do not get along with one another.
C)are used to perform interviews with management and primary clients outside the corporation.
D)are used to reduce the time and the cost of doing many one-to-one interviews.

Question 12

Which of these is an advantage of open-ended questions?

A)allows more spontaneity
B)gets to the point more quickly
C)makes comparing interviews easier
D)saves time

Question 13

Which term is defined as "what organizational members do"?

A)attitudes
B)behavior
C)beliefs
D)characteristics

Question 14

What question should be asked at the end of an interview?

A)"Are there any answers that you would like to change, now that you have had time to think things over?"
B)"Others in your organization have provided conflicting information. Do we have your permission to explain your point of view?"
C)"Do you mind if we check your answers out with others in future interviews?"
D)"Is there anything we haven't touched on that you think it is important for me to know?"

Question 15

Which of these is an advantage of closed interview questions?

A)keeps interviewer in control of the interview
B)makes it more interesting for the interviewee
C)makes phrasing easier for the interviewer
D)provides richness of detail

Question 16

Which of these is most useful in understanding an organization's culture more fully?

A)goals
B)feelings
C)informal procedures
D)opinions

Question 17

Which of these steps in interview preparation is most helpful in allowing the interviewer to build a vocabulary common to the interviewee?

A)deciding on question types and structure
B)deciding whom to interview
C)establishing interview objectives
D)preparing the interviewee
E)reading background material

Question 18

After an interview has been conducted, which of these is not a good idea?

A)arranging for a followup meeting with the interviewee
B)proceeding directly to the next scheduled interview while you are still in "interview mode"
C)writing the interview report as soon as possible after the interview
D)None of the above.

Question 19

Probing questions:

A)should be avoided, since they may make the interviewee feel that he/she is being interrogated.
B)are not used when interviewing business professionals since the questioning should be strictly limited to understanding the system and business situation.
C)are used to clarify, draw out and expand on the interviewee's point.
D)should be done using an investigative/reporter approach.

Question 20

Which is not a guideline in determining whether use of questionnaires is appropriate?

A)The people you need to question are widely dispersed.
B)There are only a few people involved in the systems project.
C)You are doing an exploratory study to gauge overall opinion.
D)You desire to do problem sensing to identify problems with the current system.

Question 21

A question for which there are only two possible responses, e.g., yes or no, is known as a ________ question.

A)bipolar
B)closed
C)open
D)logical

Question 22

Closed questions should be used when the analyst:

A)needs to explore a new situation.
B)is able to list all possible responses.
C)needs to learn an opinion.
D)has only a small group of people to obtain information from.

Question 23

An interview that begins in a very specific way, then examines general issues, and concludes very specifically is said to have a ________ shape.

A)diamond
B)cube
C)funnel
D)pyramid

Question 24

The interview is a valuable time to explore key human-computer interaction concerns.

Question 25

The interview is also a valuable time to explore key ________ concerns, including ergonomic aspects and system usability.

A)color design
B)reliability
C)human computer interaction (HCI)
D)readability

Question 26

During an interview, the analyst should get the ________ of the interviewees, their feelings, organizational and personal goals, and informal procedures.

A)concerns
B)opinions
C)objections
D)None of the above.

Question 27

One drawback of closed questions is the possibility that they may bore the interviewee.

Question 28

________ can replace a series of one-on-one interviews.

A)Joint Application Design
B)Group interviews
C)Email questionnaires
D)Online surveys

Question 29

In an interview, opinions may be more important and more revealing than facts.

Question 30

A bipolar question is a special kind of open-ended question.

Question 31

An inductive organization of interview questions can be visualized as having a ________ shape.

A)pyramid
B)diamond
C)funnel
D)cube

Question 32

The degree in which the question measures what the analyst intends to measure is called:

A)external consistency.
B)internal consistency.
C)factoring.
D)validity.

Question 33

The problem that occurs when respondents rate everything as average is called:

A)bipolarity.
B)central tendency.
C)halo effect.
D)leniency.

Question 34

With a ________ structure, the interviewer begins with generalized questions and then narrows possible responses.

A)funnel
B)diamond
C)pyramid
D)cube

Question 35

The biggest difference between the questions used for most interviews and those on questionnaires is:

A)interview questions may be open ended.
B)interview questions may be grouped into categories.
C)interviewing allows the analyst to include questions that are both open ended and closed.
D)interviewing permits interaction between the questions and their meanings.

Question 36

Which is not a good guideline to use when choosing questionnaire language?

A)Avoid bias in wording.
B)Do not use low-level language choices.
C)Keep questions general rather than specific.
D)Keep questions short.
E)Use respondents' language whenever possible.

Question 37

A(n)________ question has a finite number of responses.

A)closed
B)open
C)logical
D)key

Question 38

An example of an ________ question is "Explain how you make a purchasing decision."

A)open-ended
B)closed-ended
C)true/false
D)multiple choice

Question 39

When deciding whom to interview, it is unnecessary to include all organizational levels which will be affected by the system.

Question 40

An example of a(n)________ is the question "Why?"

A)probe
B)bipolar question
C)closed question
D)interactive question

Question 41

Validity is the degree to which the question measures what the analyst intends to measure.

Question 42

A drawback of holding JAD sessions is that the system usually takes longer to implement while each person schedules their individual meeting.

Question 43

When the interviewer begins with a very detailed set of questions and then expands the scope, the interview is said to have a funnel shape.

Question 44

Responses gained through questionnaires using open-ended questions are relatively easy to quantify.

Question 45

A JAD session should be held at a comfortable location away from the corporate headquarters.

Question 46

Questionnaires are a quick way to gather massive amounts of data.

Question 47

The diamond structure has the advantage of taking less interviewer time.

Question 48

The longer you wait to write up your interview, the more suspect the quality of the data becomes.

Question 49

One benefit of a closed interview question is the richness of detail provided.

Question 50

A funnel-shaped question sequence is useful when the interviewee feels emotionally about the topic and needs freedom to express those emotions.

Question 51

Behavior is defined as "what people in the organization say they want.'"

Question 52

A pyramid structure should be used if the analyst believes the interviewee needs to warm up to the topic.

Question 53

One advantage of JAD sessions is that it isolates the user from the analysis and design process.

Question 54

No more than one JAD session should be conducted with an interviewee.

Question 55

A questionnaire is an excellent means of doing an in depth analysis of a manager's decision-making processes.

Question 56

Using questionnaires is useful for doing exploratory studies to gauge overall opinion.

Question 57

Reliability measures the degree to which the respondents may be trusted to complete the questionnaire.

Question 58

It is unimportant to read background information about the organization prior to an interview since it adds to the expense of the project and the information may be obtained from early open-ended questions.

Question 59

Questionnaires are useful in providing the analyst with interactive feedback.

Question 60

The halo effect is when an impression formed in one question carries into the next question.

Question 61

What are the five steps in the interview preparation process?

Question 62

Characteristics are properties of people or things.

Question 63

A radio button is used to obtain a yes-no or true-false answer on a Web survey.

Question 64

Beliefs are what people think is actually true.

Question 65

Behavior is what organizational members do.

Question 66

List three of the five methods of administering a questionnaire.

Question 67

The scribe is responsible for keeping the JAD session on track and for negotiating and resolving conflicts.

Question 68

Nominal scales are used to classify things.

Question 69

One quality questionnaires must possess is reliability, a measure of consistency.

Question 70

Central tendency is a problem caused by respondents who rate everything as average.

Question 71

Word choice is the process of assigning numbers to an attribute for the purpose of measuring that attribute.

Question 72

Describe a situation in which JAD would be ideal.

Question 73

Observers offer technical explanations and advice during a JAD session.

Question 74

Compose an open-ended question for Dr.DiVito, a university professor who is eligible for retirement in three weeks.

Question 75

When should an interviewer compose a written interview report and why?

Question 76

Closed questions leave all possible response options to the respondent.

Question 77

Behaviors are what people in the organization say they want.

Question 78

A scribe is responsible for taking notes at a JAD session.

Question 79

Administering a questionnaire on paper is one way to reach current users with minimal duplication costs.

Question 80

Validity is the degree to which the question measures what the analyst intends to measure.