Deck 14: The Future of Juvenile Justice

Question 1

There is considerable disagreement as to whether training schools and prisons are effective deterrents to:

A) Crime in general
B) Juvenile Crime
C) Adult crime
D) All of the Above.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

There is evidence of ____________ public and legislative support for rehabilitation of juvenile offenders.

A) Decreased
B) Stabilized
C) Significant
D) None of the Above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Politics of the 1980s produced a greater division between what?

A) Those who were jobless and those who were employed
B) Those who were blacks and whites
C) Those who lived in affluent suburbs and the inner cities
D) All of the Above.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Who failingly predicted a trend of serious and violent juvenile crime by "superpredators"?

A) Criminologists of the 1990s
B) FBI profilers of the 1990s
C) The Commission on Juvenile Delinquency1990)
D) None of the Above

Question 5

What was the second major presidential crime commission?

A) National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals
B) National Commission on Juvenile justice Standards and Goals
C) Advisory Commission on Juvenile Justice Standards
D) None of the Above

Question 6

Which were not recommendations made by the Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime Task Force?

A) Decriminalization of status offenses.
B) Diversion of youth from court procedures into public and private treatment programs.
C) Deinstitutionalization of youth from rehabilitation programs.
D) Diversification of services.

Question 7

The juvenile court was developed in the context of what?

A) Social science and social welfare
B) The need for a juvenile criminal justice.
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above.

Question 8

For how many years has the federal government been helping local communities?

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40

Question 9

Referrals and purchase of services form the private sector have ____________ diversification and decentralization of services in many states.

A) Increased
B) Decreased
C) Stabilized
D) None of the Above

Question 10

What report did the president's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice indicate to the federal government as a pressing initiative?

A) Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime Report of 1967
B) Task Force Report: Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime
C) Juvenile Delinquency Task Force Report
D) None of the Above

Question 11

From 1985 to 1989 the average daily population and total census count of juveniles in public facilities increased by what percent?

A) 12%
B) 13%
C) 14%
D) 15%

Question 12

Private juvenile treatment programs often provide better services in residential settings that are more _____________ and less ____________.

A) Serious; institutional
B) Serious; liberal
C) Focused; punitive
D) Humane; institutional

Question 13

The "juvenile crime waive" was during what decade interval?

A) 1954 to 1964
B) 1964 to 1974
C) 1974 to 1984
D) 1984 to 1994

Question 14

According to the Juvenile Residential Facility CensusJRFC) in 2002, what total of juveniles were held in public facilities?

A) Around 102,000
B) 103,000
C) 104,000
D) 105,000

Question 15

In the age referred to as "culture of control" how is crime viewed?

A) As a product of bad choices.
B) A product of bad choices by bad individuals.
C) As a violation of social relationships
D) None of the Above

Question 16

Research evidence based on a wealth of criminological research shows that the causes' and explanations of delinquent behavior have virtually _________ in the past 50 years.

A) Decreased
B) Increased
C) Unchanged
D) Changed

Question 17

Juvenile crime is a local community problem but the federal government has played what role in crime control?

A) They have helped local communities by supplying resources to deal adequately with the challenges of juvenile crime.
B) They have supplied local communities with an attaché to the FBI
C) They have provided training to deal adequately with the challenges of juvenile crime.
D) None of the Above

Question 18

Efforts to deinstitutionalize youth from large training schools produced _______ results, the most dramatic being Massachusetts's closing of most of its state juvenile training schools in the early 1970s.

A) Menial
B) Grand
C) Mixed
D) None of the Above

Question 19

The federal Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 __________ efforts to decriminalize status offenders.

A) Decreased
B) Increased
C) Engaged
D) None of the Above

Question 20

Diversion programs, which were implemented in cities throughout the United States, have diverted many youth from what?

A) Being abused by other juvenile delinquents in a detention center.
B) Being subjected to a Juvenile Training School.
C) Being processed through formal juvenile court.
D) All of the Above

Question 21

Children raised in poor, disadvantaged families are at greater risk for becoming a delinquent than children who are raised in rural areas.

Question 22

Social class and racial biases are illustrated by the tendency of Americans to distinguish between their own children and "other people's children."

Question 23

The rate of child poverty in the United States is more than triple that of Canada.

Question 24

The social and economic causes of delinquency have changed.

Question 25

According to the National Center for Children in poverty at Columbia University in 2008 there were a total of 73 million children in the United States in total.

Question 26

In 2007 the family poverty rate was 25%.

Question 27

Wheeler, in 1971, studied the relationship between child neglect and delinquency and noted that a majority of neglect and delinquency cases can be attributed to economic stress.

Question 28

Neither the rehabilitative ideal nor the social control approach has been effective in significantly reducing juvenile crime in America.

Question 29

List, discuss, and compare the future policy issues for juvenile justice in the 21ˢᵗ century.

Question 30

Summarize the public health approach.

Question 31

The disproportionate confinement of ethnic and racial minorities is a problem in juvenile corrections.

Question 32

Politicians and the public tend to view youth crime, violence, and child poverty in the same context as war.

Question 33

Fear of crime and public perceptions of young offenders presented by sensational media depictions have no influence on juvenile justice policies.

Question 34

Discuss the many social factors that have an impact on juvenile justice.

Question 35

Neither the rehabilitative ideal nor the social control approach has been effective in increasing juvenile court referrals.

Question 36

Poverty is the biggest single risk factor for the welfare of young people.

Question 37

Juvenile court and justice policies have developed with a focus on children and families at risk.

Question 38

A "culture of control" in the United States has increased rehabilitation responses to both juvenile and adult offenders in recent decades.

Question 39

Describe the shift between "law-and-order" and "get-tough."