Deck 7: Assessment of the Hospitalized Patient

Question 1

In clinical settings such as hospitals, the energy requirements of patients are generally estimated using one of several available prediction equations.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following is the largest component of 24-hour energy expenditure for most healthy, sedentary adults?

A) resting energy expenditure
B) thermic effect of food
C) thermic effect of exercise

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which one of the following is the preferred approach for determining energy expenditure in free-living research subjects?

A) the Harris-Benedict equations
B) closed circuit calorimetry
C) using a computerized metabolic cart
D) doubly labeled water

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A patient is admitted to a hospital ward with a current body weight of 53 kg. The patient reports that his usual weight is 65 kg. What is the patient's percent weight change?

A) 9%
B) 13%
C) 18%
D) 21%

Question 5

Arm muscle area can be a useful index of total body muscle in children and adults.

Question 6

A recently admitted patient undergoing nutritional screening has an admission weight of 130 lb and states that her usual weight is 145 lb. Based on the information provided, what is the patient's percent of usual weight?

A) 75%
B) 90%
C) 110%
D) 125%

Question 7

Arm muscle area can be used as an index of

A) total body energy reserves
B) adipose tissue reserves in the upper arm
C) the amount of lean tissue or muscle in the body

Question 8

A drawback of the doubly labeled water approach for measuring energy expenditure is that it is unsuitable for use in infants and in women who are pregnant or lactating.

Question 9

The Mini Nutritional Assessment is an instrument designed to assess the nutritional status of elderly adults once they have undergone nutritional screening and have been shown to be at nutritional risk.

Question 10

The major route of nitrogen excretion from the body for most individuals is

A) loss of blood
B) feces
C) loss of hair, clipped finger nails, and sloughed-off skin cells
D) urine

Question 11

Which one of the following factors poses the greatest problem in calculating nitrogen balance?

A) a high protein intake
B) nutrient needs being met solely by enteral or parenteral nutrition
C) a large amount of wound drainage or blood loss
D) a high urine urea nitrogen value

Question 12

Which one of the following conditions tends to increase nitrogen excretion and REE the most?

A) total starvation
B) partial starvation
C) major burn
D) peritonitis/severe sepsis

Question 13

How much would a person with a desirable body weight or reference body weight of 160 lb have to weigh in order to be at 175% of desirable body weight?

A) 205 lb
B) 235 lb
C) 250 lb
D) 280 lb

Question 14

Equations for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) are as good at predicting the mean REE of a group as they are at predicting REE for any individual member of that group.

Question 15

As the score on the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool increases, risk of malnutrition increases.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a variable in the World Health Organization REE prediction equations?

A) age
B) height or stature
C) body weight

Question 17

Which one of the following statements regarding resting energy expenditure (REE) prediction equations is True?

A) they are more accurate at predicting a group's mean REE than an individual's REE
B) they are more accurate at predicting an individual's REE than a group's mean REE
C) they are able to predict a group's mean REE and an individual's REE with equal accuracy

Question 18

A computerized metabolic monitor or cart is an example of

A) closed circuit calorimetry
B) open circuit calorimetry
C) Douglas bag method

Question 19

Which one of the following statements regarding the Harris-Benedict equations is False?

A) they were developed using a technique known as regression analysis
B) they do not include age as a variable
C) body weight is measured in kilograms
D) they tend to underestimate REE in malnourished, ill patients

Question 20

Which of the following is the most variable component of 24-hour energy expenditure?

A) resting energy expenditure
B) thermic effect of food
C) thermic effect of exercise

Question 21

A patient who cannot walk or who is bed-ridden is said to be __________.

Question 22

A computerized metabolic monitor or cart is an example of indirect calorimetry.

Question 23

A nutrition screening instrument developed by the Malnutrition Advisory Group of the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition is known as the __________.

Question 24

Determining energy expenditure by measuring the body's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production is known as __________.

Question 25

A change in body weight of more than 0.5 kg in one day indicates an accumulation or loss of body water rather than a gain or loss of lean or fat tissue.

Question 26

Nutritional assessment typically precedes nutritional screening.

Question 27

When the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body is equal to nitrogen intake, a condition known as __________ is said to exist.

Question 28

A 12 percent weight loss over a period of six months is less significant than a 12 percent weight loss over a period of 12 months.

Question 29

The increase in energy expenditure following the consumption of food is known as the __________.

Question 30

The Dietary Reference Intake value which is defined as the average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy person of a defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity consistent with good health is the __________.