Deck 4: Social ethical and Legal Issues in the Digital Firm

Question 1

The Copyright Office began registering software programs in the 1990s.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In white-collar fraud,information systems are most typically used as a means to hide financial evidence of crimes.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Despite the passage of several laws defining and addressing computer crime,accessing a computer system without authorization is not yet a federal crime.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The European Parliament has passed a ban on unsolicited commercial messaging.

Question 5

Data gathered by online behavioral tracking firms is limited to the user's behavior on a single Web site.

Question 6

Copyright is the legal protection afforded intellectual property,such as a song,book,or video game.

Question 7

Most Internet businesses do very little to protect the privacy of their customers.

Question 8

Advances in data storage have made routine violation of individual privacy more difficult.

Question 9

The most common type of computer-related RSI is CTS.

Question 10

Any unsolicited e-mail is legally considered spam.

Question 11

The last step in analyzing an ethical issue should be to identify the stakeholders-people who have a vested interest in the outcome of the decision.

Question 12

The drawback to copyright protection is that the underlying ideas behind the work are not protected,only their reproduction in a product.

Question 13

Spyware is software that comes hidden in downloaded applications and can track your online movements.

Question 14

Even in today's legal climate,there is little incentive for firms to cooperate with prosecutors investigating financial crimes at their firm.

Question 15

The key concepts in patent law are originality,novelty,and value.

Question 16

Technostress is a computer-related malady whose symptoms include fatigue.

Question 17

Most American and European privacy law is based on a set of five principles called COPPA.

Question 18

According to the courts,in the creation of software,unique concepts,general functional features,and even colors are protectable by copyright law.

Question 19

Privacy is the right to be left alone when you want to be,without surveillance or interference from other individuals or organizations.

Question 20

Professionals take on special rights and obligations because of their special claims to knowledge,wisdom,and respect.

Question 21

All of the following are current key technology trends raising ethical issues except

A) data storage improvements.
B) data analysis advancements.
C) increase in multimedia quality.
D) increase in use of mobile devices.

Question 22

Responsibility means that you accept the potential costs,duties,and obligations for the decisions you make.

Question 23

Accepting the potential costs,duties,and obligations for the decisions you make is referred to as

A) responsibility.
B) accountability.
C) liability.
D) due process.

Question 24

In Europe,privacy protection is much weaker than in North America.

Question 25

NORA is a

A) profiling technology used by the EU.
B) federal privacy law protecting networked data.
C) data analysis technology that finds hidden connections between data in disparate sources.
D) sentencing guideline adopted in 1987 mandating stiff sentences on business executives.

Question 26

Canada's privacy legislation meets the standards of the European Directive on Data Protection.

Question 27

Cookies are small text files deposited on a computer hard drive when a user visits Web sites.

Question 28

The introduction of new information technology has a

A) dampening effect on the discourse of business ethics.
B) ripple effect raising new ethical, social, and political issues.
C) beneficial effect for society as a whole, while raising dilemmas for consumers.
D) waterfall effect in raising ever more complex ethical issues.

Question 29

In the information age,the obligations that individuals and organizations have regarding the preservation of existing values and institutions fall within the moral dimension of

A) family and home.
B) property rights and obligations.
C) system quality.
D) quality of life.

Question 30

Which of the following best describes how new information systems result in legal gray areas?

A) They work with networked, electronic data, which are more difficult to control than information stored manually.
B) They result in new situations that are not covered by old laws.
C) They are implemented by technicians rather than managers.
D) They are created from sets of logical and technological rules rather than social or organizational mores.

Question 31

Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age do the central business activities of ChoicePoint raise?

A) property rights and obligations
B) system quality
C) accountability and control
D) information rights and obligations

Question 32

The feature of social institutions that means mechanisms are in place to determine responsibility for an action is called

A) due process.
B) accountability.
C) the courts of appeal.
D) the judicial system.

Question 33

In the information age,the obligations that individuals and organizations have concerning rights to intellectual property fall within the moral dimension of

A) property rights and obligations.
B) system quality.
C) accountability and control.
D) information rights and obligations.

Question 34

Web sites using cookie technology can directly obtain visitors' names and addresses.

Question 35

Internet and digital firm technologies make it more difficult than ever to assemble,integrate,and distribute information,unleashing new concerns about the appropriate use of customer information,the protection of personal privacy,and the protection of intellectual property.

Question 36

The process in law-governed societies in which laws are known and understood and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly is called

A) liability.
B) due process.
C) the courts of appeal.
D) accountability.

Question 37

Ethics refers to the principles of right and wrong that individuals,acting as free moral agents,use to make choices to guide their behaviours.

Question 38

In addition,in 2000,Parliament passed the Personal Technology Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PTPEDA),Canada's modern privacy law.

Question 39

The use of computers to combine data from multiple sources and create electronic dossiers of detailed information on individuals is called

A) profiling.
B) phishing.
C) spamming.
D) targeting.

Question 40

Informed consent can be defined as consent given without knowledge of all the facts needed to make a rational decision.

Question 41

When a cookie is created during a Web site visit,it is stored

A) on the Web site computer.
B) on the visitor's computer.
C) on the ISP's computer.
D) in a Web directory.

Question 42

A colleague of yours frequently takes for his own personal use small amounts of office supplies,noting that the loss to the company is minimal.You counter that if everyone were to take the office supplies,the loss would no longer be minimal.Your rationale expresses which historical ethical principle?

A) Kant's Categorical Imperative
B) the Golden Rule
C) the Risk Aversion Principle
D) the "No free lunch" rule

Question 43

One of the difficulties of patent protection is

A) that only the underlying ideas are protected.
B) digital media cannot be patented.
C) preventing the ideas from falling into public domain.
D) the years of waiting to receive it.

Question 44

Which of the following adjusts copyright laws to the Internet age by making it illegal to circumvent technology-based protections of copyrighted materials?

A) Digital Millennium Copyright Act
B) Privacy Act
C) Freedom of Information Act
D) Electronic Communications Privacy Act

Question 45

What legal mechanism protects the owners of intellectual property from having their work copied by others?

A) patent protection
B) intellectual property law
C) copyright law
D) Fair Use Doctrine

Question 46

European privacy protection is ________ than in the United States.

A) less far-reaching
B) less liable to laws
C) much less stringent
D) much more strict

Question 47

Flash cookies are different from ordinary cookies in that they

A) are installed only at the user's request.
B) are not stored on the user's computer.
C) cannot be easily detected or deleted.
D) monitor the user's behavior at a Web site.

Question 48

According to the ________,you should take the action that produces the least harm.

A) Categorical Imperative
B) Risk Aversion Principle
C) Utilitarian Principle
D) Golden Rule

Question 49

Which of the following is not one of the five steps discussed in the chapter as a process for analyzing an ethical issue?

A) Assign responsibility.
B) Identify the stakeholders.
C) Identify the options you can reasonably take.
D) Identify and clearly describe the facts.

Question 50

Intellectual property can best be described as

A) intangible property created by individuals or corporations.
B) unique creative work or ideas.
C) tangible or intangible property created from a unique idea.
D) the expression of an intangible idea.

Question 51

U.S.businesses are allowed to use personal data from EU countries if they

A) have informed consent.
B) create a safe harbor.
C) develop equivalent privacy protection policies.
D) make their privacy protection policies publicly available.

Question 52

The strength of patent protection is that it

A) puts the strength of law behind copyright.
B) allows protection from Internet theft of ideas put forth publicly.
C) is easy to define.
D) grants a monopoly on underlying concepts and ideas.

Question 53

"Look and feel" copyright infringement lawsuits are concerned with

A) the distinction between tangible and intangible ideas.
B) the distinction between an idea and its expression.
C) using the graphical elements of another product.
D) using the creative elements of another product.

Question 54

A(n)________ model of informed consent permits the collection of personal information until the consumer specifically requests that the data not be collected.

A) opt-in
B) opt-out
C) P3P
D) PGP

Question 55

Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative states that

A) if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time.
B) one should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost.
C) one can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action.
D) if an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take.

Question 56

The Online Privacy Alliance

A) encourages self-regulation to develop a set of privacy guidelines for its members.
B) protects user privacy during interactions with Web sites.
C) has established technical guidelines for ensuring privacy.
D) is a government agency regulating the use of customer information.

Question 57

Which of the following statements about trade secrets is not true?

A) Trade secret protections vary from state to state.
B) Any intellectual product, regardless of its purpose, can be classified as a trade secret.
C) Software that contains unique elements can be claimed as a trade secret.
D) Trade secret law protects the actual ideas in a product.

Question 58

A classic ethical dilemma is the hypothetical case of a man stealing from a grocery store in order to feed his starving family.If you used the Utilitarian Principle to evaluate this situation,you might argue that stealing the food is

A) acceptable, because the grocer suffers the least harm.
B) acceptable, because the higher value is the survival of the family.
C) wrong, because the man would not want the grocer to steal from him.
D) wrong, because if everyone were to do this, the concept of personal property is defeated.

Question 59

In general,it is very difficult to hold software producers liable for their software products when those products are considered to be

A) part of a machine.
B) similar to books.
C) services.
D) artistic expressions.

Question 60

The ethical "no free lunch" rule states that

A) if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time.
B) one should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost.
C) one can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action.
D) everything is owned by someone else, and that the creator wants compensation for this work.

Question 61

______________________ is the commission of acts involving a computer that may not be illegal but that are considered unethical.

A) Computer misconduct
B) Computer crime
C) Computer abuse
D) Computer violence

Question 62

It is not feasible for companies to produce error-free software because

A) any programming code is susceptible to error.
B) it is too expensive to create perfect software.
C) errors can be introduced in the maintenance stage of development.
D) any software of any complexity will have errors.

Question 63

Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age does spamming raise?

A) quality of life
B) system quality
C) accountability and control
D) information rights and obligations

Question 64

________ are not held liable for the messages they transmit.

A) Regulated common carriers
B) Private individuals
C) Organizations and businesses
D) Elected officials

Question 65

"Copying data from one location to another and accessing personal data from remote locations are both much easier",this impact is the result of what computing trend?

A) Computing power doubles every 18 months
B) Data storage costs rapidly decline
C) Data analysis advances
D) Networking advances

Question 66

______________________ is the commission of illegal acts through the use of a computer or against a computer system.

A) Computer misconduct
B) Computer crime
C) Computer abuse
D) Computer violence

Question 67

______________________ grants the owner an exclusive monopoly on the ideas behind an invention for between 17 and 20 years.

A) The Fair Use Doctrine
B) FOIP
C) A patent
D) A copyright

Question 68

Several studies,including at least two by Statistics Canada,have found that _____________________in Canada are less likely to have computers or online Internet access.

A) old and minority groups
B) poor and majority groups
C) poor and main stream groups
D) poor and minority groups

Question 69

"Organizations can easily maintain detailed databases on individuals",this impact is the result of what computing trend?

A) Computing power doubles every 18 months
B) Data storage costs rapidly decline
C) Data analysis advances
D) Networking advances

Question 70

A tiny software object embedded in a Web page and used by tracking programs to monitor online user behavior is called

A) spyware.
B) a super cookie.
C) a Web beacon.
D) a cookie.

Question 71

The "do anything anywhere" computing environment can

A) make work environments much more pleasant.
B) create economies of efficiency.
C) centralize power at corporate headquarters.
D) blur the traditional boundaries between work and family time.

Question 72

________________________ refers to any eyestrain condition related to display screen use in desktop computers,laptops,e-readers,smartphones,and handheld video games.

A) Computer vision syndrome (CVS)
B) Technostress
C) Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
D) Compustress

Question 73

The most common source of business system failure is

A) software bugs.
B) software errors.
C) hardware or facilities failures.
D) data quality.

Question 74

The practice of spamming has been growing because

A) telephone solicitation is no longer legal.
B) it is good advertising practice and brings in many new customers.
C) it helps pay for the Internet.
D) it is so inexpensive and can reach so many people.

Question 75

The newest computer-related malady is _________________________which is stress induced by computer use.Its symptoms include aggravation,hostility toward humans,impatience,and fatigue.

A) Computer vision syndrome (CVS)
B) Technostress
C) Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
D) Compustress

Question 76

Re-designing and automating business processes can be seen as a double-edged sword because

A) increases in efficiency may be accompanied by job losses.
B) increases in efficiency may be accompanied by poor data quality.
C) support for middle-management decision making may be offset by poor data quality.
D) reliance on technology results in the loss of hands-on knowledge.

Question 77

"More organizations depend on computer systems for critical operations",this impact is the result of what computing trend?

A) Computing power doubles every 18 months
B) Data storage costs rapidly decline
C) Data analysis advances
D) Networking advances

Question 78

______________________in Canada is one of the principal means of protecting computer software in Canada.

A) PIPEDA law
B) FOIP law
C) Patent law
D) Copyright law

Question 79

"Companies can analyze vast quantities of data gathered on individuals to develop detailed profiles of individual behaviour",this impact is the result of what computing trend?

A) Computing power doubles every 18 months
B) Data storage costs rapidly decline
C) Data analysis advances
D) Networking advances

Question 80

________ can be induced by tens of thousands of repetitions under low-impact loads.

A) CTS
B) CVS
C) RSI
D) Technostress