Deck 13: Stress and Health

Question 1

Recall the "three Ds" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook. The extent to which a behavior interferes with a person's daily life and relationships is referred to as its:

A)distress.
B)dysfunction.
C)deviance.
D)disability.

Answer 1

dysfunction.

Question 2

Dr. Alfonso investigates the etiology of psychological disorders. Dr. Alonso's field of specialization is known as _____ psychology.

A)abnormal
B)developmental
C)medical
D)pathological

Answer 2

abnormal

Question 3

Pam is experiencing a major depressive episode. She is upset that she doesn't feel "like herself," and it bothers her that she has too little energy to participate fully in her family and work life. Pam's discomfort is an example of the _____ associated with psychological abnormality.

A)distress
B)dysfunction
C)deviance
D)disability

Answer 3

distress

Question 4

Dramatic mood swings are characteristic of a condition known as _____ disorder.

A)major depressive
B)bipolar
C)obsessive-compulsive
D)dissociative identity

Question 5

A _____ disorder is a set of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that are significantly distressing and disabling.

A)chemical
B)behavioral
C)psychological
D)physiological

Question 6

Major depressive disorder is a set of distressing, disabling cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. Major depressive disorder is a _____ disorder.

A)mental
B)behavioral
C)physiological
D)psychological

Question 7

Individuals suffering from _____, a disorder seen in _____, believe their souls have left their bodies. The disorder usually develops after a frightening situation.

A)koro; Latin America
B)koro; Southeast Asia
C)susto; Latin America
D)susto; Southeast Asia

Question 8

Hoang lives in Vietnam. He is terrified that his penis will disappear into his abdomen. Hoang appears to suffer from a disorder called:

A)koro.
B)susto.
C)ataque de nervios.
D)taijin kyofu.

Question 9

Recall the "three Ds" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook. Which "D" is correctly matched with its definition?

A)distress - the extent to which a behavior falls outside society's standards or rules
B)dysfunction - the extent to which a behavior interferes with daily life and relationships
C)deviance - the extent to which behaviors or emotions cause an individual to become upset or uncomfortable
D)disability - whether a person's behavior qualifies him or her for disability

Question 10

Recall the "three Ds" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook. The extent to which a behavior falls outside society's standards or rules is referred to as its:

A)distress.
B)dysfunction.
C)deviance.
D)disability.

Question 11

Which is NOT one of the "three Ds" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook?

A)distress
B)dysfunction
C)deviance
D)disability

Question 12

Which psychological disorder is NOT universal?

A)depression
B)koro
C)schizophrenia
D)bipolar disorder

Question 13

Insanity is a _____ term.

A)legal
B)psychological
C)medical
D)psychiatric

Question 14

Which choice BEST expresses how many states offer some form of the insanity legal defense?

A)Fewer than half of them do.
B)About half of them do.
C)Almost all of them do.
D)All of them do.

Question 15

Alex is prone to drastic mood swings. Alex may suffer from a condition known as _____ disorder.

A)bipolar
B)antisocial personality
C)obsessive-compulsive
D)dissociative identity

Question 16

According to the textbook, normal and abnormal behavior are BEST viewed as:

A)discrete categories.
B)orthogonal dimensions.
C)ends of a continuum.
D)parallel continua.

Question 17

Dex is troubled by his own methamphetamine use; moreover, he has been written up twice lately for missing shifts at work. Dex's case illustrates the _____ associated with psychological abnormality.

A)distress
B)dysfunction
C)deviance
D)distress and dysfunction

Question 18

The subfield in which psychological disorders are studied is generally known as _____ psychology.

A)cognitive
B)developmental
C)medical
D)abnormal

Question 19

Individuals with antisocial personality disorder tend to break the law and violate others' rights. Because these behaviors fall outside society's standards and rules, they reflect the _____ often associated with psychological abnormality.

A)disability
B)deviance
C)distress
D)dysfunction

Question 20

The insanity defense is successful in about _____ of the cases in which it is used.

A)5%-10%
B)10%-25%
C)35%-50%
D)65%-75%

Question 21

The term _____ refers to the causes of psychological disorders.

A)symptomology
B)etiology
C)prognosis
D)prevalence

Question 22

Approximately _____ of psychological disorders are diagnosed by age 30.

A)40%
B)50%
C)70%
D)90%

Question 23

The primary purpose of the DSM-5 is to provide:

A)descriptions of disorders.
B)recommendations for treatment of disorders.
C)explanations of the causes of disorders.
D)the frequency with which disorders occur.

Question 24

In round numbers, the DSM-5 lists approximately _____disorders.

A)100
B)150
C)200
D)250

Question 25

_____ refers to the occurrence of two or more psychological disorders at the same time.

A)Etiology
B)Prevalence
C)Prognosis
D)Comorbidity

Question 26

The first version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders was published in:

A)1947.
B)1952.
C)1973.
D)1994.

Question 27

In any given year, just over 1 in _____ Americans are diagnosed with a psychological disorder.

A)4
B)5
C)8
D)10

Question 28

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is sometimes diagnosed alongside substance use disorder in the same individual. This is an example of:

A)etiology.
B)prevalence.
C)comorbidity.
D)prognosis.

Question 29

Compared to chronic medical conditions, psychological disorders are _____ impairing and are _____ often treated.

A)less; less
B)less; more
C)more; less
D)more; more

Question 30

Dr. Chapman believes that major depression is best treated through the prescription of drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. Dr. Chapman appears to endorse the _____ model of the etiology of psychological disorders.

A)medical
B)psychological
C)sociocultural
D)biopsychosocial

Question 31

The textbook suggests that the language often used to discuss psychological disorders BEST reflects the _____ perspective.

A)sociocultural
B)psychological
C)biopsychosocial
D)medical

Question 32

Data from a large-scale study reveals that about _____% of Americans will experience symptoms that meet the criteria for a psychological disorder.

A)10%
B)25%
C)35%
D)50%

Question 33

A _____ is a negative attitude about groups of people based on certain shared traits or characteristics.

A)script
B)schema
C)stereotype
D)stigma

Question 34

How might the results of David Rosenhan's study inform an evaluation of the DSM-5's system of classifying psychological disorders?

A)The study's results are reassuring because they suggest that diagnostic labels have no impact on how a person's behavior is perceived.
B)The study's results are reassuring because they suggest that diagnostic labels strongly affect how a person's behavior is perceived.
C)The study's results are worrying because they suggest that diagnostic labels have no impact on how a person's behavior is perceived.
D)The study's results are worrying because they suggest that diagnostic labels strongly affect how a person's behavior is perceived.

Question 35

Klaus has been diagnosed not only with major depressive disorder, but also generalized anxiety disorder. Klaus' case illustrates:

A)comorbidity.
B)prevalence.
C)etiology.
D)prognosis.

Question 36

Specific neurotransmitters are being implicated in an increasing number of psychological disorders. This fact most directly affirms the _____ perspective on abnormality.

A)psychological
B)medical
C)biopsychosocial
D)sociocultural

Question 37

Dr. Fritsch and Dr. Gupta are debating why depression is more prevalent among women than among men. "Women have fewer economic opportunities than do men, and they experience role conflicts more often," notes Dr. Fritsch. Dr. Gupta remarks that women experience fluctuations in estrogen levels, whereas men do not. Dr. Fritsch appears to take a _____ approach to depressive disorders, whereas Dr. Gupta seems to favor a _____ approach.

A)medical; sociocultural
B)psychological; medical
C)sociocultural; medical
D)sociocultural; psychological

Question 38

Many of the criticisms of the DSM-5 revolve around:

A)its failure to recommend courses of treatment.
B)the potential effects of labeling people based on inflexible categories.
C)its failure to keep up with advances in the field.
D)its focus on the causes of abnormal behavior instead of its symptoms.

Question 39

In any given year, the most common type of psychological disorder is:

A)mood disorders.
B)anxiety disorders.
C)schizophrenia.
D)substance disorders.

Question 40

During David Rosenhan's study, in which several colleagues were admitted into mental hospitals, which group was most likely to detect that these secret "pseudopatients" actually did not suffer from mental illness?

A)actual mental patients
B)psychiatrists
C)psychologists
D)nurses

Question 41

Although Zebulon realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them, causing him to take an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Zebulon appears to suffer from:

A)panic disorder.
B)specific phobia.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 42

Symptoms that can be incorrectly perceived as those of a heart attack are MOST characteristic of _____ disorder.

A)bipolar
B)obsessive-compulsive
C)generalized anxiety
D)panic

Question 43

Cross-cultural variants of panic disorder do NOT include:

A)ataque de nervios.
B)trung gio.
C)khyal.
D)taijin kyofu.

Question 44

Anxiety disorders are:

A)twice as common among men as among women.
B)equally common among men and women.
C)twice as common among women as among men.
D)three times as common among men as among women.

Question 45

Panic disorder affects about _____ of the population.

A)0)5%-1%
B)1%-2%
C)2%-3%
D)3%-4%

Question 46

______ disorders are characterized by extreme apprehension and debilitating fears.

A)Anxiety
B)Depressive
C)Dissociative
D)Personality

Question 47

The anxiety disorders identified in the DSM-5 do NOT include:

A)panic disorder.
B)specific phobia.
C)bipolar disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 48

Which perspective on abnormal behavior places the greatest emphasis on early childhood experiences and personality factors?

A)the biopsychosocial model
B)the medical model
C)the psychological perspective
D)the sociocultural perspective

Question 49

The _____ perspective is the most integrative approach to psychological disorders.

A)medical
B)psychological
C)sociocultural
D)biopsychosocial

Question 50

In _____ disorder, an individual experiences sudden, intense fear or discomfort.

A)obsessive-compulsive
B)panic
C)generalized anxiety
D)social anxiety

Question 51

The learning mechanism MOST likely implicated in the development of panic disorder is:

A)classical conditioning.
B)observational learning.
C)operant conditioning.
D)latent learning.

Question 52

Taijin kyofu is to ataque de nervios as _____ disorder is to _____ disorder.

A)social anxiety; generalized anxiety
B)social anxiety; panic
C)generalized anxiety; panic
D)panic; social anxiety

Question 53

Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra most likely is suffering from _____ disorder.

A)panic
B)generalized anxiety
C)social anxiety
D)separation anxiety

Question 54

When people suffer from _____, they often feel intense fear that something horrible is about to happen. These feelings last several minutes and include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness.

A)specific phobia
B)dissociative disorder
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)panic disorder

Question 55

"Negative reinforcement contributes to the maintenance of not only phobias but also obsessive-compulsive disorder." This statement BEST reflects a _____ perspective on psychological disorders.

A)medical
B)psychological
C)sociocultural
D)biopsychosocial

Question 56

Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are most characteristic of:

A)specific phobia.
B)panic disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 57

Brett has an intense, irrational fear of needles and other sharp objects. Brett might be diagnosed with:

A)agoraphobia.
B)panic disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)specific phobia.

Question 58

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between the diathesis-stress model of psychological disorders and the biopsychosocial perspective?

A)The diathesis-stress model reflects the biopsychosocial perspective.
B)The diathesis-stress model is an alternative to the biopsychosocial perspective.
C)The diathesis-stress model has replaced the biopsychosocial perspective.
D)The diathesis-stress model opposes the biopsychosocial perspective.

Question 59

Data presented in the textbook indicates that _____ is the most common anxiety disorder among adults.

A)separation anxiety
B)panic disorder
C)specific phobia
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 60

Which piece of evidence does NOT directly support a sociocultural perspective on the etiology of psychological abnormality?

A)General declines in psychological functioning are seen during economic downturns.
B)Schizophrenia is diagnosed more frequently among lower- than among middle- or high-SES individuals.
C)African Americans are more likely than White Americans to be involuntarily hospitalized for psychological disorders.
D)Traumatic childhood experiences are associated with bipolar disorder.

Question 61

Walter has an intense fear of public speaking. Because he can engage only in one-on-one interactions, he has been passed over for promotions. Walter's case illustrates _____ disorder.

A)social anxiety
B)obsessive-compulsive
C)panic
D)posttraumatic stress

Question 62

Obsession is to compulsion as _______ is to _______. 

A)emotion; cognition
B)cognition; emotion
C)cognition; behavior
D)behavior; cognition

Question 63

People who suffer from _____ disorder are so preoccupied by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions that they are unable to function in their daily lives.

A)obsessive-compulsive
B)bipolar
C)dissociative identity
D)generalized anxiety

Question 64

People who are troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions are suffering from ____ disorder.

A)major depressive
B)obsessive-compulsive
C)dissociative identity
D)generalized anxiety

Question 65

The brain areas involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder also contribute to:

A)emotion.
B)memory.
C)movement.
D)language.

Question 66

_____ is characterized by excessive worry and unease concerning multiple aspects of life.

A)Generalized anxiety disorder
B)Social anxiety disorder
C)Panic disorder
D)Specific phobia

Question 67

Abnormal activity in the orbital frontal cortex is implicated in:

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)panic disorder.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)agoraphobia.

Question 68

An intrusive, repetitive thought, urge, or image is called a(n):

A)obsession.
B)delusion.
C)compulsion.
D)hallucination.

Question 69

Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of _____ disorder.

A)panic
B)bipolar
C)obsessive-compulsive
D)generalized anxiety

Question 70

Obsessive-compulsive disorder may reflect reduced activity of the neurotransmitter:

A)dopamine.
B)serotonin.
C)norepinephrine.
D)glutamate.

Question 71

Lenora is always tense and uneasy. She is plagued by insomnia and muscle tension. Lenora is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

A)panic
B)generalized anxiety
C)agoraphobia
D)social anxiety

Question 72

Sally is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for four hours per day. In particular, the fringe on her rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time, and she often repeats this 10 to 12 times per day. Her experience is most symptomatic of _____ disorder.

A)phobic
B)bipolar
C)major depressive
D)obsessive-compulsive

Question 73

Some people in Japan and Korea suffer from taijin kyofu, a variant of _____ anxiety disorder in which people fear _____.

A)generalized; causing distress to others
B)generalized; negative evaluation by others
C)social; causing distress to others
D)social; negative evaluation by others

Question 74

Thirty-five-year-old Lucy needs to have her blood drawn. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take a short-acting sedative. Lucy seems to be suffering from:

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)panic disorder.
C)specific phobia.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 75

Rhonda is constantly worried about many aspects of her life. She is having trouble sleeping and is experiencing muscle tension. Rhonda is showing signs of:

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)panic disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)specific phobia.

Question 76

At some time in Hector's life, he became one of the few people who crossed the line from normal worries and quirks to a time-consuming, disruptive impairment in which he must repeatedly do certain things in a certain order to prevent disaster from occurring. Hector's condition is known as _____ disorder.

A)social anxiety
B)hypomanic
C)generalized anxiety
D)obsessive-compulsive

Question 77

Twenty-year-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she no longer goes out to eat in restaurants. Brianna seems to be suffering from:

A)specific phobia.
B)social phobia.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)panic disorder.

Question 78

Each day, the obsessions and compulsions of obsessive-compulsive disorder consume at least _____ of a person's day.

A)30 minutes
B)1 hour
C)2 hours
D)3 hours

Question 79

An individual with a fear of public speaking, going to parties, or eating out MOST likely suffers from _____ disorder.

A)panic
B)obsessive-compulsive
C)social anxiety
D)posttraumatic stress

Question 80

Diane is concerned about things at work even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her home life even when she is at work. Diane has a free-floating anxiety that leaves her tense and irritable, impairs her concentration, and results in many sleepless nights. Diane is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

A)panic
B)generalized anxiety
C)bipolar
D)social anxiety