Deck 3: The Thorax

Question 1

Which of the following statements about breathing is/are true?

A) Respiration consists of inspiration and expiration.
B) Muscle action decreases pressure in the sealed pleural cavities by enlarging the volumes of the pleural cavities.
C) Lower pressure in the sealed pleural cavities causes higher pressure from outside to fill the lungs with air.
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C
F) A and C

Answer 1

E
A, B, and C. Respiration consists of inspiration and expiration. During inspiration, muscles decrease the pressure within the sealed pleural cavities by enlarging the volumes of the pleural cavities. Increasing the volume lowers the pressure and causes higher atmospheric pressure from outside to fill the lungs with air.

Question 2

Costal cartilage joins _______________________.

A) sternum to thorax
B) ribs to sternum
C) manubrium to sternum
D) ribs to jugular notch
E) subcostal groove to interior surface

Answer 2

B
Ribs to sternum. The typical rib is joined to the sternum by its own costal cartilage. The manubrium is a portion of the sternum.

Question 3

The superior and inferior venae cavae enter which chamber of the heart?

A) Left ventricle
B) Left atrium
C) Right ventricle
D) Right atrium
E) None of the above

Answer 3

D
Right atrium. The superior and inferior venae cavae enter the right atrium of the heart.

Question 4

The ___________ forms the muscular, contractile layer of the heart.

A) visceral pericardium
B) endocardium
C) parietal pericardium
D) epicardium
E) myocardium

Question 5

The lungs are contained within the thorax in the ____________.

A) peritoneal cavity
B) diaphragm
C) mitral cavities
D) pleural cavities
E) sternal angle

Question 6

What are the three types of ribs?

A) Sternal, true, and floating
B) Tubercle, scalene, and medius
C) True, false, and floating
D) Fixed, semifixed, and floating
E) There are only two types of ribs.

Question 7

The costal margin, used as an aid in locating the correct sternal position for external heart massage during cardiac emergencies, is formed by the inferior aspects of costal cartilages ____________.

A) 1-3
B) 4-5
C) 7-10
D) 11-12
E) 12-14

Question 8

The right pleural cavity, the left pleural cavity, and the mediastinum are three main regions of the ______________________.

A) heart
B) lungs
C) spinal cord
D) diaphragm
E) thoracic cavity

Question 9

Where is the heart located?

A) In the thorax, below the diaphragm
B) Behind the sternum, closer to the posterior than to the anterior chest wall
C) In the thorax, above the diaphragm, and closer to anterior than posterior chest wall
D) In the thorax, below the diaphragm, and closer to anterior than posterior chest wall
E) In the thorax, behind the sternum, and below the diaphragm

Question 10

Asthma is caused by a spasm in the muscle of the ____________________.

A) lung
B) trachea
C) bronchioles
D) bronchi
E) middle lobe of left lung

Question 11

The intercostal muscles of the thorax, which run from rib to rib, sternum to rib, and vertebra to rib, are involved with the mechanics of _________________________.

A) the upper limb
B) cardiac function
C) digestion
D) vocal cords
E) breathing

Question 12

The entrance and exit in the lung for blood vessels and air tubes is the _________.

A) bronchus
B) hilum
C) cartilaginous ring
D) upper lobe
E) lower lobe

Question 13

Which of the following is/are contained within the mediastinum?

A) Heart
B) Trachea and bronchi
C) Thoracic esophagus
D) Vagus nerves
E) All of the above

Question 14

Intercostal arteries and veins provide circulation for the ________________________.

A) thoracic wall
B) lungs
C) heart
D) esophagus
E) thymus gland

Question 15

Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the _____ valve.

A) bicuspid
B) pulmonary
C) right atrioventricular
D) aortic
E) mitral

Question 16

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Lungs are divided into lobes by fissures.
B) Both lungs have an oblique fissure.
C) Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli of the lungs.
D) Each lung has two lobes.
E) Each lung exhibits four surfaces: the apex, the diaphragmatic surface, the mediastinal surface, and the costal surface.

Question 17

The fossa ovalis is located in the _________________________.

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle
E) left and right ventricles

Question 18

The suprasternal, or jugular, notch, located at the anterior base of the __________, is used to locate the underlying trachea.

A) skull
B) neck
C) rib cage
D) thorax
E) mediastinum

Question 19

The skeleton of the __________ consists of (1) a midline sternum, (2) 12 pairs of ribs and associated costal cartilages, and (3) 12 vertebrae.

A) peritoneal cavity
B) pleural cavity
C) mediastinum
D) thorax
E) epicardium

Question 20

The air-filled chambers in the lungs in which gas exchange takes place are the _____________________.

A) apices
B) alveoli
C) lobes
D) fissures
E) visceral pleura

Question 21

A stethoscope placed at the left lower aspect of the sternal border would pick up sounds of the _______________.

A) pulmonary valve
B) valve of the inferior vena cava
C) aortic valve
D) right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve
E) left atrioventricular (mitral) valve

Question 22

The primary function of the cardiac sphincter at the abdominal end of the esophagus is to ____________.

A) assist in the movement of food through the esophagus
B) prevent the regurgitation of stomach contents
C) prevent the aspiration of blood
D) assist in blood flow
E) prevent the swallowing of air

Question 23

Which is the correct description of a fractured rib?

A) A rib that is displaced at its sternocostal joint
B) A rib that is torn from its costal cartilage
C) A rib that has a break in the rib itself, usually at the angle of the rib
D) A rib that has a break in the costal cartilage
E) A rib that is separated at the costal cartilage

Question 24

The mitral valve is the _____ valve.

A) right atrioventricular
B) left atrioventricular
C) tricuspid
D) aortic
E) pulmonary

Question 25

A condition in which the patient has a decreased number of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and destruction of elastic tissue necessary for recoil during quiet expiration, experiences breathlessness on exertion, and may be "barrel-chested" is ____________________________.

A) pneumothorax
B) emphysema
C) cardiac arrest
D) asthma
E) heart murmur

Question 26

Spasm of smooth muscle in the bronchial tree, inflammation of the respiratory mucosa, and production of mucus is a description of __________________.

A) emphysema
B) pneumothorax
C) asthma
D) lung pigmentation
E) tracheal spasm

Question 27

Which is the correct description of a dislocated rib?

A) A rib that is displaced at its sternocostal joint
B) A rib that is torn from its costal cartilage
C) A rib that has a break in the rib itself, usually at the angle of the rib
D) A rib that has a break in the costal cartilage
E) A rib that is separated at the costal cartilage

Question 28

A stethoscope placed at the right sternal border, second interspace, would pick up sounds of the _______________.

A) pulmonary valve
B) valve of the inferior vena cava
C) aortic valve
D) right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve
E) left atrioventricular (mitral) valve

Question 29

The _______ valve prevents blood from exiting the pulmonary artery and flowing back into the right ventricle.

A) trabeculae carneae
B) pulmonary
C) tricuspid
D) aortic
E) chordae tendineae

Question 30

What is a mitral valve stenosis?

A) An incomplete closure of the mitral valve that permits the backflow of blood
B) A permanent closure of the mitral valve
C) A precursor to carditis
D) A narrowing of the mitral valve that interferes with the emptying of blood to the left ventricle
E) An absence of the mitral valve

Question 31

The vein that drains the lower limbs and abdomen is the _________________.

A) inferior vena cava
B) abdominal aorta
C) superior vena cava
D) aortic sinus
E) jugular vein

Question 32

The _________ is a tubelike portion of the gastrointestinal tract that extends from the pharynx at vertebra C6 to the abdomen at vertebra T11.

A) thorax
B) esophagus
C) aorta
D) bronchus
E) trachea

Question 33

The ___________ nervous system can modify the rate at which the pacemaker initiates the heartbeats.

A) peripheral
B) sympathetic
C) somatic
D) autonomic
E) none of the above

Question 34

A condition in which air is present in the pleural cavity because of a puncture through the thoracic wall or a spontaneous rupture through the lung surface is ______________.

A) angina pectoris
B) foreign-object aspiration
C) black lung
D) emphysema
E) pneumothorax

Question 35

The primary function of the cricopharyngeus muscle at the pharyngeal end of the esophagus is to ___________________________________.

A) assist in the movement of food through the esophagus
B) prevent the regurgitation of stomach contents
C) prevent the aspiration of blood
D) assist in blood flow
E) prevent the swallowing of air

Question 36

The pumping chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the entire body is the ________________.

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle
E) septomarginal trabecula

Question 37

T lymphocytes are produced in the __________.

A) lungs
B) bone marrow
C) heart
D) pineal gland
E) thymus gland

Question 38

The ________ is a small aggregation of specialized cardiac muscle tissue that acts as a pacemaker and initiates the heartbeat.

A) cardiac plexus
B) angina pectoris
C) bundle of His
D) atrioventricular node
E) sinoatrial node

Question 39

____________ occurs when a coronary vessel is completely occluded and the block of myocardium supplied becomes necrotic and dies.

A) Cardiac ischemia
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Heart murmur
D) Valvular stenosis
E) Cardiac dysrhythmia

Question 40

The vein that drains the upper limbs, head, and neck is the ______________________.

A) inferior vena cava
B) abdominal aorta
C) superior vena cava
D) aortic sinus
E) jugular vein