Deck 18: Newborn Nutrition and Feeding

Question 1

A pregnant woman wants to breastfeed her infant; however, her husband is not convinced that there are any scientific reasons to do so. The nurse can give the couple printed information comparing breastfeeding and bottle-feeding. Which statement is true? Bottle-feeding using commercially prepared infant formulas:

A) Increases the risk that the infant will develop allergies.
B) Helps the infant sleep through the night.
C) Ensures that the infant is getting iron in a form that is easily absorbed.
D) Requires that multivitamin supplements be given to the infant.

Answer 1

Increases the risk that the infant will develop allergies.

Question 2

A newly delivered mother who intends to breastfeed tells her nurse, "I am so relieved that this pregnancy is over so I can start smoking again." The nurse encourages the woman to refrain from smoking. However, this new mother insists that she will resume smoking. The nurse will need to adapt her health teaching to ensure that the woman is aware that:

A) Smoking has little or no effect on milk production.
B) There is no relation between smoking and the time of feedings.
C) The effects of secondhand smoke on infants are less significant than for adults.
D) The mother should always smoke in a room away from the baby.

Answer 2

The mother should always smoke in a room away from the baby.

Question 3

With regard to the nutrient needs of breastfed and formula-fed infants, nurses should be aware that:

A) Breastfed infants need extra water in hot climates.
B) During the first 3 months, breastfed infants consume more energy than formula-fed infants.
C) Breastfeeding infants should receive oral vitamin D drops daily at least during the first 2 months.
D) Vitamin K injections at birth are not needed for infants fed on specially enriched formula.

Answer 3

Breastfeeding infants should receive oral vitamin D drops daily at least during the first 2 months.

Question 4

A breastfeeding woman develops engorged breasts at 3 days' postpartum. What action would help this woman achieve her goal of reducing the engorgement? The woman:

A) Skips feedings to let her sore breasts rest.
B) Avoids using a breast pump.
C) Breastfeeds her infant every 2 hours.
D) Reduces her fluid intake for 24 hours.

Question 5

Which statement concerning the benefits or limitations of breastfeeding is NOT accurate?

A) Breast milk changes over time to meet changing needs as infants grow.
B) Long-term studies have shown that the benefits of breast milk continue after the infant is weaned.
C) Breast milk/breastfeeding may enhance cognitive development.
D) Breastfeeding increases the risk of childhood obesity.

Question 6

A woman who recently arrived from Africa insists upon feeding her infant honey prior to her milk coming in. This statement leads the nurse to believe that the woman should receive further education on infant feeding practices.

Question 7

In helping the breastfeeding mother position the baby, nurses should keep in mind that:

A) The cradle position usually is preferred by mothers who had a cesarean birth.
B) Women with perineal pain and swelling prefer the modified cradle position.
C) Whatever the position used, the infant is "belly to belly" with the mother.
D) While supporting the head, the mother should push gently on the occiput.

Question 8

A new father is ready to take his wife and newborn son home. He proudly tells the nurse who is discharging them that within the next week he plans to start feeding the infant cereal between breastfeeding sessions. The nurse can explain to him that beginning solid foods before 4 to 6 months may:

A) Decrease the infant's intake of sufficient calories.
B) Lead to early cessation of breastfeeding.
C) Help the infant sleep through the night.
D) Limit the infant's growth.

Question 9

The nurse providing couplet care should understand that nipple confusion results when:

A) Breastfeeding babies receive supplementary bottle feedings.
B) The baby is weaned too abruptly.
C) Pacifiers are used before breastfeeding is established.
D) Twins are breastfed together.

Question 10

The best reason for recommending formula over breastfeeding is that:

A) The mother has a medical condition or is taking drugs that could be passed along to the infant via breast milk.
B) The mother lacks confidence in her ability to breastfeed.
C) Other family members or care providers also need to feed the baby.
D) The mother sees bottle-feeding as more convenient.

Question 11

According to the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics on infant nutrition:

A) Infants should be given only human milk for the first 6 months of life.
B) Infants fed on formula should be started on solid food sooner than breastfed infants.
C) If infants are weaned from breast milk before 12 months, they should receive cow's milk, not formula.
D) After 6 months, mothers should shift from breast milk to cow's milk.

Question 12

The process whereby parents awaken the infant to feed every 3 hours during the day and at least every 4 hours at night is:

A) Known as demand feeding.
B) Necessary during the first 24 to 48 hours after birth.
C) Used to set up the supply-meets-demand system.
D) A way to control cluster feeding.

Question 13

All of these statements indicate impacts of breastfeeding on the family or society at large except:

A) Breastfeeding requires fewer supplies and less cumbersome equipment.
B) Breastfeeding saves families money.
C) Breastfeeding costs employers in terms of time lost from work.
D) Breastfeeding benefits the environment.

Question 14

A nurse is discussing the signs and symptoms of mastitis with a mother who is breastfeeding. What signs and symptoms should the nurse include in her discussion? Choose all that apply.

A) Breast tenderness
B) Warmth in the breast
C) An area of redness on the breast often resembling the shape of a pie wedge
D) A small white blister on the tip of the nipple
E) Fever and flulike symptoms

Question 15

The nurse is discussing storage of breast milk with a mother whose infant is preterm and in the special care unit. Which statement would indicate that the mother needs additional teaching?

A) "I can store my breast milk in the refrigerator for 3 months."
B) "I can store my breast milk in the freezer for 3 months."
C) "I can store my breast milk at room temperature for 8 hours."
D) "I can store my breast milk in the refrigerator for 3 to 5 days."

Question 16

At a 2-month well-baby examination, it was discovered that a breastfed infant had only gained 10 ounces in the past 4 weeks. The mother and the nurse agree that, to gain weight faster, the infant needs to:

A) Begin solid foods.
B) Have a bottle of formula after every feeding.
C) Add at least one extra breastfeeding session every 24 hours.
D) Start iron supplements.

Question 17

A new mother recalls from prenatal class that she should try to feed her newborn daughter when she exhibits feeding readiness cues rather than waiting until her infant is crying frantically. On the basis of this information, this woman should feed her infant about every 2½ to 3 hours when she:

A) Waves her arms in the air.
B) Makes sucking motions.
C) Has the hiccups.
D) Stretches her legs out straight.

Question 18

A postpartum woman telephones about her 4-day-old infant. She is not scheduled for a weight check until the infant is 10 days old, and she is worried about whether breastfeeding is going well. Effective breastfeeding is indicated by the newborn who:

A) Sleeps for 6 hours at a time between feedings.
B) Has at least one breast milk stool every 24 hours.
C) Gains 1 to 2 ounces per week.
D) Has at least six to eight wet diapers per day.

Question 19

A new mother wants to be sure that she is meeting her daughter's needs while feeding her commercially prepared infant formula. The nurse should evaluate the mother's knowledge about appropriate infant care. The mother meets her child's needs when she:

A) Adds rice cereal to her formula at 2 weeks of age to ensure adequate nutrition.
B) Warms the bottles using a microwave oven.
C) Burps her infant during and after the feeding as needed.
D) Refrigerates any leftover formula for the next feeding.