Deck 7: Contentious Politics: Social Movements, Political Violence, and Revolution

Question 1

In which types of system are parties more likely to champion a social movement's demands?

A)consensual democracies with multiple-party systems
B)majoritarian democracies
C)electoral authoritarianisms with multiple political parties
D)electoral authoritarian regimes with a strong underground movement

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Social movements are most common and have arguably had the greatest impact in

A)wealthy democracies
B)poor democracies
C)wealthy autocracies
D)poor autocracies

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Some scholars argue that the "power devaluation model" best explains

A)the rise of the Occupy movement
B)the rise of the Tea Party
C)the rise of the Arab revolutions
D)the rise of Standing Rock

Answer 3

B

Question 4

"NGOization" refers to

A)the growing relationship between governments and NGOs
B)the success of social movements
C)as social movements become more institutionalized, they become NGOs
D)the blurring line between political parties and social movements

Question 5

The key distinction between terrorism and other forms of political violence is

A)the number of people killed
B)who is targeted
C)the motive behind the action
D)retaliation

Question 6

"Political violence or the threat of violence by groups or individuals who deliberately target civilians or noncombatants in order to influence the behavior and actions of targeted publics and governments" is a definition of

A)genocide
B)political violence
C)terrorism
D)absolute repression

Question 7

The extent to which a regime is open to influence from social movements and other extra-institutional groups is known as

A)political opportunity structure
B)relative openness
C)political acceptance
D)community outreach efforts

Question 8

The Seattle protest at the 1999 meeting of the World Trade Organization was the first protest to bring together multiple groups concerned with the effect of

A)global warming
B)free trade
C)globalization
D)democratization

Question 9

Which of the following can be considered part of the "Arab Spring"?

A)the Jasmine Revolution
B)the Orange Revolution
C)the Rose Revolution
D)the Velvet Revolution

Question 10

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Social movements

A)have loosely defined organizational structure
B)represent people who weren't included in political institutions
C)employ informal mechanisms to fulfill their purpose
D)play no role in political development

Question 11

Social movements differ from interest groups in that they

A)are more institutionalized
B)tend not to have officially recognized leaders
C)do not produce the same level of change
D)produce the same level of change

Question 12

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which of the following led to the rise of social movements in the 1950s and 1960s in much of the Western world?

A)Formal institutions changed too slowly to incorporate new interests.
B)People sought more participation than was available.
C)Established institutions were seen as vehicles for elite self-interest.
D)the development of the internet

Question 13

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.When groups make claims that conflict with others' interests, there is potential for

A)bipartisan politics
B)relative deprivation
C)security dilemma
D)contentious politics

Question 14

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.A revolution MUST involve

A)mass participation
B)extra-legal action
C)violence
D)repression

Question 15

A fundamental transformation of an existing regime that is instigated and primarily carried out by a social movement or armed group is known as a(n)

A)ideological revolution
B)political revolution
C)social revolution
D)true revolution

Question 16

Values favoring greater individual freedom and equality of opportunity are known as

A)relative deprivation
B)equal opportunity values
C)emancipative values
D)family values

Question 17

The Tea Party can best be described as

A)a political structure
B)a social movement
C)a political party
D)an NGO

Question 18

When two or more groups do not trust one another, and do not believe that institutional constraints will protect them, there is potential for

A)contentious politics
B)security dilemma
C)relative deprivation
D)oppression

Question 19

The use of physical force by nonstate actors for political ends is known as

A)authoritarianism
B)state-sponsored terrorism
C)terrorism
D)political violence

Question 20

"Relative deprivation" is best defined as

A)a situation where part of the population faces economic hardship
B)the belief that a group is not getting their share of something of value relative to others in the society
C)lack of support from wealthy groups to the well-being of all citizens
D)a system of unequal oppression

Question 21

Social media eliminates the need for organizations and leaders.

Question 22

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which theory helps political scientists explain why revolutions occur?

A)Marxism analyses the economic structure of the old regime.
B)Structural arguments focus on political opportunity structures and movements' resources.
C)Psychological theories focus on the motivation to revolt.
D)Rational choice utilizes relative deprivation to understand decision making.

Question 23

Consensual democracies with multiple-party systems are more likely to produce major candidates or parties that champion a social movement's demands.

Question 24

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which of the following are factors that allow political leaders to mobilize support based on group identity?

A)economic inequality
B)political inequality
C)relative deprivation
D)security dilemma

Question 25

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which of the following is a factor for determining whether or not a revolution will be successful?

A)the ideology behind the revolution
B)the strength of the current state
C)the resources in the hands of the revolutionaries
D)the number of attempts

Question 26

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which of the following can be considered strategic actions of a social movement?

A)peaceful protest
B)online petitions
C)lunch counter sit-ins
D)violent actions

Question 27

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which of the following is true about revolutions?

A)revolutions are rare events that can change the course of world history
B)there have been more revolutions in the world than military coups in Africa
C)revolutions often change both politics and the social environment within a society
D)revolutions are often associated with the ideologies that inspire them

Question 28

As global communication has become easier, transnational social movements have declined.

Question 29

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which of the following enhance the political opportunities social movements have?

A)multiple and independent centers of power
B)openness to new actors
C)instability in political alignments
D)influential allies within the regime

Question 30

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which countries were involved in the Arab Spring?

A)Egypt
B)Turkey
C)Tunisia
D)Iran

Question 31

Which repertoires of political action a group chooses and which are more likely to be successful depend very much on context.

Question 32

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which of the following can be considered a form of contentious politics

A)social movements and protests
B)ethnic conflict
C)terrorism and civil war
D)revolution

Question 33

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which of the following characteristics apply to the conventional definition of social movements?

A)part of civil society
B)loosely defined organizations structure
C)perceive themselves to be outside formal institutions
D)seek major socioeconomic or political changes

Question 34

Constructing an identity was a key element in "new social movements" that began in the 1990s following the fall of communism.

Question 35

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which of the following is an outcome of the Occupy Movement in the United States?

A)influencing public opinion
B)electoral success on the right
C)reduced inequality
D)changing American political debate

Question 36

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Scholars using the contentious politics framework have claimed that which of the following causes can be important to producing a revolution?

A)grievances
B)mobilization
C)resources
D)political opportunities

Question 37

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which of the following is among the causes of the Chinese revolution?

A)relative deprivation
B)weakened state
C)political opportunity
D)technological advancement

Question 38

The Egyptian revolution created a portable model of revolution by achieving its goal relatively quickly with a minimum loss of life and established a set of repertoires that could be copied throughout the region.

Question 39

Social movements and organizations cannot evolve into political parties.

Question 40

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which of the following is among the causes of the Iranian revolution?

A)relative deprivation
B)weakened state
C)political opportunity
D)technological advancement

Question 41

Discuss two factors that led to the rise of social movements in the 1950s and 1960s in much of the Western world.

Question 42

Is it fair to state that the women's movement was one of the most dramatic social and political revolution of the last generation? Why, or why not?

Question 43

Describe, using an example, what "transnational advocacy networks" are and the resources they use.

Question 44

How is a social movement different from an interest group? From a political party?

Question 45

Skocpol (1979) noted that a crucial ingredient for successful revolution is a state in crisis - often one that has been weakened by international events.Discuss one revolution in which this applies and how.

Question 46

According to Kalyvas (2006), areas in which armed groups have good sources of information, their violence is indiscriminant; in areas in which armed groups have no information, they tend to engage in discriminant violence.

Question 47

A social revolution is the transformation of an existing regime, instigated and primarily carried out by a social movement or armed group.

Question 48

According to scholars, what are the factors that can cause a revolution?

Question 49

Explain how the quality of democratic representation affects the importance of NGOs.

Question 50

The Occupy movement's slogan was "We are the 99%." Describe what this slogan meant and its significance in the movement's development.

Question 51

How were the origins of the Chinese and Iranian revolutions similar? What important differences existed?

Question 52

What is the difference between revolution and terrorism?

Question 53

Choose one defining aspect of social movements and explain how it differs from a political party.

Question 54

What are the two "transformative elements" of the internet as argued by Earl and Kimport (2014)?

Question 55

Many groups that engage in terrorism began using other means to address their grievances.

Question 56

Provide a definition of "relative deprivation," using a real-life example to illustrate your point.

Question 57

Describe two ways in which new communication technology in the last two decades has affected social movements.

Question 58

Describe and use examples to illustrate at least two possible causes of terrorism.

Question 59

The Occupy movement was inspired partly by the Arab Spring.

Question 60

Civil wars are defined as any conflict between two or more groups.

Question 61

Explain how the Occupy movement and Tea Party movement in the United States shaped political discourse and public opinion. Be sure to note the mechanisms behind the movements (i.e., social media, organization, etc.)

Question 62

Can the American Revolution really be considered a revolution? Why or why not? (Be sure to provide evidence supporting your argument.)

Question 63

Collier and Hoefller (2004) claim that ethnicity has little to do with violent conflict, while Cederman et al.(2013) argue that ethnically based political exclusion and inequality does produce conflict.Which side do you believe is correct? Provide evidence from case studies to bolster your argument.

Question 64

Compare and contrast the Zapatista rebellion in Mexico with Boko Haram in Nigeria.What do these groups have in common? How do they differ?

Question 65

Using an example from the textbook, describe what a "security dilemma" is and how they can be overcome.