Deck 13: Creative Expression: Anthropology and the Arts

Question 1

The ledger drawings are:

A)An example of how some Native Americans used art to record history and preserve their identity.
B)Economic records of the Cheyenne Indians during the period of European conquest.
C)An example of the earliest form of cave paintings.
D)A group of African folktales translated into a series of paintings.
E)A way for Native American people to record events that only occurred outside of their particular group.

Answer 1

An example of how some Native Americans used art to record history and preserve their identity.

Question 2

Which of the following is not an example of the fact that one needs to know the cultural meaning assigned to an artistic elements in order to understand it?

A)The use of minor keys in Western music.
B)The use of red dyes in Dogon sculpture.
C)The wearing of rings in Western society.
D)The use of the corn motif in Mayan sculpture.
E)Knives are used in processing food.

Answer 2

Knives are used in processing food.

Question 3

In the text,art refers to:

A)The visual arts only.
B)Anything that human beings do outside the realm of technology.
C)Works of universally recognized beauty.
D)Anything that excites people emotionally.
E)The application of skill that reflects cultural values and patterns.

Answer 3

The application of skill that reflects cultural values and patterns.

Question 4

A creative process in which improvisation is more highly valued than originality is characteristic of:

A)African music.
B)Western painting.
C)Navajo singing.
D)Balinese dance.
E)Inuit carving.

Question 5

Ice Age cave art demonstrates that:

A)Art is found only in hunting societies.
B)Visual art has become progressively more representational with increasing societal complexity.
C)So-called "primitive" art is the basis for much European modern art.
D)Art is a very early aspect of human culture.
E)Art is universally associated with religion.

Question 6

The Inuit do not have a word for art.This reveals that:

A)The Inuit have little artistic ability.
B)In a harsh environment,the practice of art is a luxury not easily indulged in.
C)The contemporary arts of the Inuit were introduced by Canadians as a way for Inuit to earn a living.
D)The Inuit language is impoverished because it lacks a word for art.
E)Inuit art is traditionally embedded in making objects for other purposes.

Question 7

During what historical period did ledger drawings flourish?

A)Early to late 1600s.
B)Mid 1700s-1804.
C)1840s-1860s.
D)1870s-1920s.
E)1940s-1970s.

Question 8

Archaeologists offer all of the following as explanations for cave art except:

A)They were drawn to magically increase the chance of a successful hunt.
B)They contain coded information about the hunt.
C)They were made for ritual use.
D)They depict things seen by shamans during trance.
E)They are for decorating the cave.

Question 9

An example of "deep play" in the United States is:

A)Swimming in deep water.
B)Lacrosse.
C)Skiing.
D)Football.
E)Bowling.

Question 10

An important function of art in all societies is that it:

A)Promotes social solidarity by symbolically conveying values and emotions.
B)Gives professional opportunities to the most talented members of society.
C)Serves as a marker between the higher and the lower classes.
D)Provides an escape into fantasy for the poor and the oppressed.
E)Provides people with a source of cash income.

Question 11

The trickster tales,such as the Br'er Rabbit stories of the American South,may be seen as:

A)A thinly veiled protest against oppression and domination.
B)No more than foolish stories that have no real significance.
C)A product of a society with limited interest in verbal folklore.
D)The protest of the little worker against the modern bureaucracy.
E)Particularly characteristic of an egalitarian society.

Question 12

Two principal themes found in anime and manga are:

A)Power and wealth.
B)Cuteness and violence.
C)Material prosperity and spiritual poverty.
D)Sex and fear.
E)History and fate.

Question 13

Calligraphy is an important art form in Islam because:

A)Muslims have exceptionally good handwriting.
B)It visually represents the Koran.
C)Letter writing was the most important traditional form of communication between individuals.
D)The Koran is a written document.
E)Art has not traditionally been important in the Arab culture.

Question 14

In the Spanish understanding of bullfighting,the matador is:

A)An angry combatant who uses force to vanquish his enemy.
B)A male seeking revenge for an insult or infidelity.
C)An honorable male: skilled,self-controlled,and calm.
D)The passive victim of the forces of nature.
E)Demonstrating the principle that violence should always be met with violence.

Question 15

Evidence of artistic expression:

A)Was first found in the early 18th century.
B)Was first discovered only in the form of cave paintings.
C)Was found at the dawn of the modern human species.
D)Was first found 400,000 years ago.
E)Was found for the first time with the emergence of state societies.

Question 16

Marking the body as an expression of cultural and personal identity is known as:

A)Self-mutilation.
B)Body art.
C)Cultural tattooing.
D)Ritual cleansing.

Question 17

The most important part of the Balinese cockfight is:

A)The gambling associated with it.
B)The costumes worn by the cock owners.
C)The magical ritual surrounding it.
D)Its historical origins in antiquity.
E)The special names given to the cocks by their owners.

Question 18

The Balinese cockfight is called "deep play" because:

A)It is merely play.
B)It is done in a playful manner.
C)It has deep symbolic meaning.
D)People who engage in it are over their heads financially.
E)It deepens the gap between the different social strata in Balinese society.

Question 19

What is manga?

A)Animated cartoons in Japan.
B)Comic book art in Japan.
C)Political satire in Japan.
D)Movie art in the U.S.
E)A type of music from Brazil.

Question 20

Japanese cultural analysts such as Murakami emphasize that:

A)Japanese will always feel inferior to Americans.
B)Japanese will always feel superior to Americans.
C)Japanese art has little or nothing to do with non-Japanese people.
D)Japan has not really come to grips with its role in World War II.
E)Japanese art will only truly be successful when it is collected in American and Europe.

Question 21

During the 19ᵗʰ century,European travelers thought the Orient was threatening because:

A)They did not believe they could acquire land in this region.
B)They believed it was the opposite of European civilization and thus irrational.
C)They did not know how to speak the language of the people in this region.
D)They were unable to safely traverse its terrain.
E)The Orient had more economic stability than the majority of European countries.

Question 22

The primary artistic efforts of Maria Martinez were:

A)Weaving.
B)Singing.
C)Pottery.
D)Painting.
E)Silver jewelry.

Question 23

"Orientalism" refers to:

A)Belief in the superiority of the cultures of China,Japan,and Korea.
B)Beliefs promoting colonial conquest of Asia.
C)A fantasy view of the Middle East as the European "other."
D)A school of European painting depicting Arab cultures in an objective,realistic way.
E)A theory of anthropology regarding Islamic cultures as not very different from Western cultures.

Question 24

Fritz Scholder's paintings combine historical images with abstract expressionism and pop art.A fundamental theme of his work is:

A)The oppression of Native Americans by the U.S.government.
B)His ambivalence about his Indian identity.
C)The need for Native Americans to get over the injustices of the past and get on with their lives.
D)The importance of the repatriation of Native American remains and artifacts.
E)The underlying humanity of all people,regardless of superficial racial and ethnic differences.

Question 25

Anthropologist Maria Messina found that all of the following are times in which Moroccan women use henna except:

A)First night of marriage.
B)When the woman finishes college.
C)At ages 3-4 in preparation of Ramadan.
D)Toward the end of her pregnancy.
E)During transition from girlhood to womanhood.

Question 26

Maria Martinez,of San Ildefonso Pueblo in the United States,is an example of:

A)Tribal concept of art imposed on a Western culture.
B)A person recognized as an "artist" in her own society prior to Western contact.
C)The strong continuities between prehistoric and contemporary tribal artistic creations.
D)The functional uses of all "primitive" art.
E)An "artist" created in a traditional culture by the impact of Western art collectors.

Question 27

Torajan tau-tau,or wooden effigies of nobles,carved in connection with mortuary ritual:

A)Have disappeared since contact with Western tourists.
B)Have often been stolen or bought for the Western art collector's market.
C)Created the indigenous status of artist where it never previously existed.
D)Never been used traditionally,but are a "fake" cultural product developed for the Western tourist market.
E)Have fallen into disuse since the conversion of the Torajan to Christianity.

Question 28

A increasingly popular part of world music and dance is:

A)The use of double meanings in lyrics.
B)Hip-hop.
C)The authentic representations of personal identity.
D)Break-dancing.
E)African music.

Question 29

The effect of tourism on indigenous arts:

A)Is mixed;some traditional arts have prospered while many have deteriorated.
B)Always results in the deterioration and simplification of traditional art forms.
C)Has been minimal;Western tourists are not interested in the arts of indigenous peoples.
D)Has resulted in the training of many indigenous artists in European art schools.
E)Has changed the ways in which artists are viewed in the industrialized nations.

Question 30

As the example of the Toraja of Indonesia demonstrates,in many indigenous cultures,art has now become:

A)A luxury.
B)A leveler of class differences.
C)A commodity.
D)Separated from cultural identity.
E)Widespread among the people within the society.

Question 31

Which of the following is a recent anthropological interest in art?

A)How native arts have become global commodities.
B)How native art is produced and used within its own society.
C)The place of the native artist in society.
D)How Western art is becoming increasingly commercialized.
E)How Western artists are including more pop art to meet generational demands.

Question 32

Musical styles from cultures throughout the world is represented in:

A)Reggae.
B)World music.
C)African music and folklore.
D)The majority of Western music.
E)A small body of musical genres.

Question 33

An important criticism of tourism is that:

A)Natives are rarely able to make any money from tourists.
B)It tends to turn culture into a marketable commodity.
C)It prevents natives from modernizing their cultures.
D)Since it allows natives to access outside funding,it results in a decrease in government spending in tourist areas.
E)The small number of tourists does not represent the larger global population and this leads to cross-cultural misunderstanding.

Question 34

In the art world,middlemen typically:

A)Manipulate art objects and the information regarding their production to meet the demands of buyers.
B)Neither have a high nor low ranking in the hierarchal structure of their society.
C)Are involved in the pillage of archaeological sites and illegal export of art treasures.
D)Accurately represent the original context of native art to Western buyers.
E)Interfere in the affairs of others.

Question 35

Which of the following was identified as one of the early art colonies in the U.S.?

A)Phoenix,AZ.
B)Taos,NM.
C)Tucson,AZ.
D)Billings,MT.
E)Harrodsburg,KY.

Question 36

Which of the following correctly characterizes bhangra?

A)A political party in India.
B)A form of art involving the braiding of hair.
C)A mixture of Punjabi folk music and British pop.
D)A form of sculpture combining Western with African characteristics.
E)A potter whose works have become known internationally.

Question 37

How has the role of the artist in society changed in the genre of world art?

A)Today,people are not interested in knowing the creator's identity in order to purchase the work.
B)Today,people seek to know the creator's identity in order to value the piece of art.
C)Native artists are disappearing and this is an endangered field.
D)Native art no longer has commercial value,because it is seen primarily as a ritual object.
E)Westerners and native artists cannot agree on how to define the role of the artists today.

Question 38

Bhangra is linked most tightly to identity in which cultural area?

A)British and French.
B)South Asia.
C)Middle Eastern.
D)Southern African.
E)Eastern Brazil.

Question 39

A critical event that influenced artist Frida Kahlo was:

A)A profound religious experience.
B)A visit to the Soviet Union in 1932.
C)A visit to the United States in 1938.
D)The Mexican Revolution of 1910.
E)Her long love affair with artist Pablo Picasso.

Question 40

A prop often seen in paintings of Middle Eastern domestic scenes is:

A)Bread being baked.
B)Washing being done.
C)Women getting undressed.
D)People smoking the hookah.
E)Women playing with their children.

Question 41

European artists were rarely concerned with representing non-Europeans in their art.

Question 42

Manga has a widespread and influential role in the popular culture of the global community.

Question 43

Evidence of artistic expression only dates to about 10,000 years ago.

Question 44

Today,museum exhibits are critically examined for the representations they provide of other cultures through the art on display.

Question 45

Art is an important element in the politics of a culture.

Question 46

External interest in Native American art negatively impacted the prestige of Maria Martinez.

Question 47

Tau-taus are a form of currency in the Toraja culture.

Question 48

Pictures depicting Orientalism were restricted to fine art.

Question 49

Art can provide many functions in society,especially for ritual meanings.

Question 50

World music incorporates musical styles from cultures all over the world.

Question 51

Trickster tales can be an indirect way of expressing dissatisfaction with an unequal system of social relations.

Question 52

Art for art's sake is a value that exists in all societies.

Question 53

Tourism in traditional societies has led to the emergence of artist as a special and distinct occupational specialization.

Question 54

Body art and adornment can be used as an expression of identification.

Question 55

Sports can be considered an art form,because they involve the application of human skill to behavior beyond the merely practical.

Question 56

Museum exhibits are a point of contact between the West and the art of indigenous cultures.

Question 57

Anime is Japanese comic book art.

Question 58

Frida Kahlo is an artist best known for the political content of her work.

Question 59

A very important function of art is symbolic communication.

Question 60

Bhangra is a musical form that originated from Eastern European folk music.

Question 61

What is the relationship between art and symbolism?

Question 62

How is calligraphy viewed differently in China and the Islamic Middle East?

Question 63

What is a nkisi?

Question 64

What is the primary function of the Spanish bullfight?

Question 65

Orientalism is often described as a European intellectual movement.What is it?

Question 66

How do anthropologists define art?

Question 67

What is bhangra,and how does it express world music?

Question 68

Define world music and give examples.

Question 69

Define world art and give examples.

Question 70

Distinguish between manga and anime.

Question 71

How were gender roles depicted in Orientalist art?

Question 72

Provide three possible explanations for cave art provided by archaeologists.

Question 73

Explain why art is not universally considered a product of artistic innovation.

Question 74

Why did indigenous peoples oppose the use of the term "primitive" for their art in museums?

Question 75

Among the Toraja,what is the tongkonan?

Question 76

Discuss the art of Fritz Scholder as a marker of personal identity.

Question 77

What are ledger drawings?

Question 78

Who is Maria Martinez?

Question 79

What is henna,and how is it used as an art form in Morocco?

Question 80

What is "deep play"?