Deck 31: Potential Perioperative Complications

Question 1

Major blood loss is about 30% to 45% of total blood volume (TBV).

Answer 1

True

Question 2

While a patient is under general anesthesia,it is a good practice to keep the patient's eyes open to prevent a corneal tear or abrasion.

Answer 2

False
If the eyes are not closed,eyes can be injured from irritating anesthetics or facemasks or from drying or scratching of the cornea.Also,patients with protruding eyes or those in the prone position are at risk for eye injury.

Question 3

Allogeneic blood is patient's own blood and requires no typing or crossmatching.

Answer 3

False
Allogeneic blood is that drawn from one individual for transfusion into another.It must be compatible (i.e. ,not cause a reaction).Therefore,blood typing and crossmatching are essential to determine compatibility between donor and recipient.

Question 4

What can occur due to infusion of cold IV fluids?

A) Air embolism
B) Hypertension
C) Venous stasis
D) Venospasm

Question 5

Why are sympathomimetics used?

A) To decrease renal flow
B) To decrease the pulse rate
C) To stimulate the central nervous system
D) To decrease the inotropic effect

Question 6

What is the term for partial or complete closure of the vocal cords as a reflex action?

A) Bronchospasm
B) Laryngospasm
C) Aspiration
D) Pneumonia

Question 7

If Avitene has been used for hemostasis during a surgical procedure,the blood collected from the wound cannot be used for autotransfusion.

Question 8

Which antidysrhythmic drug is used to suppress the PVCs and recurrent tachycardia?

A) Adenosine
B) Bretylium
C) Atropine
D) Procainamide

Question 9

Estimation of blood loss is most accurately done by looking at the contents in the suction container.

Question 10

A neurogenic crisis involves the physical and chemical changes that cause catabolic or anabolic activity.

Question 11

While suctioning via the trachea when artificial respirations are given,suction for at least 15 seconds so that secretions can be obtained.

Question 12

What is the term for abnormal accumulation of water in extravascular portions of the lungs?

A) Atelectasis
B) Intercostal muscle spasm
C) Pneumothorax
D) Pulmonary edema

Question 13

Which is an intraoperative factor that can increase a patient's risk of developing a respiratory complication?

A) Type of preoperative medication
B) Blood type
C) ASA classification
D) Braden score

Question 14

Which is a treatment used to reverse hypotension?

A) Increased use of anesthetics
B) Elevation of legs
C) Increased positive airway pressure
D) Beta-blocker drugs

Question 15

Which is a precursor to a pulmonary embolism?

A) Elevated white blood cell count
B) Deep breathing exercises
C) A long surgical procedure
D) Normothermia

Question 16

Internal cardiac compression can be performed only if the patient's chest is already open.

Question 17

During a cardiac arrest in the OR,the scrub person must always remain sterile.

Question 18

What are some predisposing factors for deep vein thrombosis?

A) Diabetes
B) Female
C) Obesity
D) Asthma

Question 19

Shock can occur in the OR due to loss of heat and temperature during a surgical procedure.

Question 20

How does the body compensate for mild hypoxia?

A) Decreased heart rate and increased respiratory rate
B) Increased heart rate and increased respiratory rate
C) Decreased heart rate and decreased respiratory rate
D) Increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure

Question 21

Which is a symptom of cardiac arrest?

A) Tachycardia
B) Reactive pupils
C) Warm skin
D) Absence of bleeding in surgical field

Question 22

Which is a cause of hypotension?

A) Volume overload
B) Blood volume depletion
C) Hypercapnia
D) Shivering

Question 23

Which is considered the most serious cardiac dysrhythmia?

A) Ventricular tachycardia
B) Atrial fibrillation
C) Atrial flutter
D) Bundle branch block

Question 24

What disturbance is characterized by dry skin,dry mucous membranes,low blood pressure,and deep rapid respirations?

A) Hypovolemia
B) Hypervolemia
C) Radiation enteritis
D) Oliguria

Question 25

Which drug is used for short-term treatment of refractory heart failure?

A) Epinephrine
B) Furosemide
C) Dobutamine
D) Calcium salts

Question 26

What type of autotransfusion system for blood collection collects the blood and then anticoagulates it before transfusion?

A) Automated cell salvage processor
B) Chest tube collection system
C) IVF collection bag
D) Jackson-Pratt reservoir

Question 27

Which is an anticoagulant given to patients?

A) Warfarin
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin D
D) Protamine sulfate

Question 28

Which is an example of vasodilator drugs?

A) Verapamil and propranolol
B) Atropine and Ditropan
C) Nipride and nitroglycerin
D) Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 29

Which is a way to prevent hypothermia in the OR environment?

A) Encourage patients to eat hot and spicy food the day before surgery.
B) Place UV lamps over patients in the preoperative holding area.
C) Encourage the patient to wear a coat and cold weather items such as hats and gloves while in the preoperative area.
D) Apply warmed blankets to patients as they arrive in the OR.

Question 30

Which of the following is a cause of anemia?

A) Blood transfusion
B) Fever
C) Hyperthermia
D) Abnormal blood cells produced by bone marrow

Question 31

Which is a way to cool a patient's body during a malignant hyperthermia (MH)crisis?

A) Pour frozen distilled water into surgical wound.
B) Decrease temperature of OR suite.
C) Administer iced normal saline intravenously.
D) Lavage the bladder with cooled fluids.

Question 32

What is the recommended IV dose of dantrolene to be given in a malignant hyperthermia (MH)crisis?

A) 1 mg/kg every minute until temperature is within normal limits
B) 2 to 3 mg/kg in an initial IV bolus and repeat every 5 to 10 minutes
C) 10 mg/kg initially and every 5 minutes until muscles relax
D) 10 to 20 mg/kg every 5 minutes until temperature stabilizes

Question 33

Which is a cause or trigger of malignant hyperthermia (MH)?

A) Excessive heat in the OR suite
B) Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants
C) Muscle disease
D) Unexplained preoperative fever

Question 34

Which is the universal donor blood type?

A) Type AB-positive
B) Type Rh
C) Type O-negative
D) Type B- negative

Question 35

What would be the pH of a patient in respiratory alkalosis?

A) pH >7.45
B) pH <7.30
C) pH = 7.25
D) pH = 7.35

Question 36

What type of shock is a result of increased capillary permeability with loss of blood volume into the tissues?

A) Vasogenic shock
B) Neurogenic shock
C) Hypovolemic shock
D) Traumatic shock

Question 37

Which is an example of iatrogenic injury that can occur in the OR setting?

A) Allergic reaction to penicillin
B) Malignant hyperthermia
C) Elevated blood potassium level
D) Hyperabduciton of arm on armboard

Question 38

Which is a component of CPR?

A) Airway
B) Drugs
C) Intubation
D) Initiation of IV

Question 39

What group of people may benefit from the use of Fluorovent?

A) Patients diagnosed with HIV or prostate cancer
B) Patients with diabetes
C) Infants with underdeveloped lungs
D) Patients with hypovolemic shock

Question 40

What are some signs that CPR is effective?

A) Dilated pupils
B) Palpable pulse
C) Intermittent heartbeat
D) Dusky mucous membranes

Question 41

COMPLETION
41.Name which form of life support each item refers to: BLS, ACLS, or both
Cardiac compression: ____________________

Question 42

COMPLETION
41.Name which form of life support each item refers to: BLS, ACLS, or both
Endotracheal tube: ____________________

Question 43

COMPLETION
41.Name which form of life support each item refers to: BLS, ACLS, or both
Arterial line: ____________________

Question 44

COMPLETION
41.Name which form of life support each item refers to: BLS, ACLS, or both
Emergency tracheotomy: ____________________

Question 45

COMPLETION
41.Name which form of life support each item refers to: BLS, ACLS, or both
Defibrillation: ____________________