Deck 5: Nutrition and Diabetes

Question 1

Which stimulates the pancreas to secrete glucagon?

A)elevated ketone bodies in the blood
B)elevated glycogen in the liver
C)elevated blood glucose
D)decreased blood glucose
E)ketoacidosis

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is the glycemic index value for glucose?

A)40
B)60
C)80
D)100
E)200

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Prediabetes is associated with all of the following,except

A)the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
B)a higher risk of heart disease and stroke.
C)a fasting blood glucose level of 120 mg/dl.
D)an oral glucose tolerance value of 225 mg/dl.
E)the prevention through lifestyle changes.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which is most likely responsible for the recent increase in type 2 diabetes in the population?

A)an increase in prevalence of obesity
B)genetic changes
C)an increase in consumption of high-fructose corn syrup
D)an increase in gestational diabetes
E)an increase in allergies and autoimmune diseases

Question 5

Insulin promotes conversion of excess glucose to glycogen in

A)the skeletal and cardiac muscles only.
B)the liver and skeletal muscles.
C)the liver and adipose tissue.
D)the brain,muscles,and liver.
E)the liver,adipose tissue,and kidneys.

Question 6

In response to insulin,glucose is taken up by

A)skeletal and cardiac muscles only.
B)brain only.
C)liver only.
D)adipose tissue and muscles.
E)skeletal and cardiac muscles,brain,and kidneys.

Question 7

Which are the accepted methods for diagnosing diabetes?

A)fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests
B)fasting blood glucose and urinary glucose levels
C)glucometer testing of blood glucose levels
D)urinary glucose and ketone body levels
E)fasting blood glucose and ketone body levels

Question 8

Which stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin?

A)elevated ketone bodies in the blood
B)elevated glycogen in the liver
C)elevated blood glucose
D)decreased blood glucose
E)ketoacidosis

Question 9

Prediabetes

A)is diagnosed by the onset of ketoacidosis.
B)is due to loss of the ability of the pancreas to produce insulin.
C)can be managed,but not cured.
D)can be reversed by early lifestyle intervention.
E)is triggered by an autoimmune disorder.

Question 10

Which is not a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

A)obesity
B)genetics
C)inactivity
D)poor nutrition
E)gender

Question 11

Which would you recommend to a person with hyperglycemia due to type 2 diabetes?

A)high glycemic foods
B)low glycemic foods
C)insulin injections
D)a high-protein diet
E)increase intake of alternative sweeteners

Question 12

Which would you recommend to a person with hypoglycemia?

A)high glycemic foods
B)low glycemic foods
C)insulin injections
D)avoid soluble fibers
E)increase intake of alternative sweeteners

Question 13

Which of these early symptoms is not associated with type 2 diabetes?

A)extreme thirst
B)fatigue/weakness
C)sudden weight gain
D)frequent urination
E)blurred vision

Question 14

Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes results in higher risk of all of the following,except

A)cardiovascular disease.
B)kidney failure.
C)blindness.
D)autoimmune disorders.
E)limb amputations.

Question 15

The fetus responds to higher glucose in gestational diabetes by

A)increasing glucagon production and muscle mass.
B)increasing glucagon production and liver mass.
C)increasing epinephrine production and muscle mass.
D)increasing insulin and body fat.
E)increasing insulin and muscle mass.

Question 16

Which is not a factor in mothers developing gestational diabetes?

A)family history of type 2 diabetes
B)number of pregnancies
C)obese prior to pregnancy
D)pregnancy at an older age
E)ethnic background

Question 17

Which symptom is common to gestational,type 1,and type 2 diabetes?

A)reduced insulin
B)insulin resistance
C)rapid disease onset
D)being overweight or obese
E)elevated blood glucose

Question 18

Insulin resistance is typical of

A)type 1 and 2 diabetes.
B)prediabetes.
C)gestational diabetes.
D)gestational and type 2 diabetes.
E)all types of diabetes.

Question 19

The oral glucose tolerance test includes
A.the intake of 50 g white bread and measured blood glucose levels 1 hour later.
B.the intake of 50 g lactose and measured blood glucose levels 1 hour later.
C.the intake of 50 g glucose and measured blood glucose levels 1 hour later.
D.the intake of 75 g glucose and measured blood glucose levels 2 hours later.
E.the intake of 75 g lactose and measured blood glucose levels 2 hours later.
Answers: D

Question 20

Which carbohydrate food is the most effective for preventing a rise in blood glucose?

A)breakfast cereal
B)brown rice
C)oatmeal
D)honey
E)whole wheat bread

Question 21

Explain why individuals with diabetes can satisfy their sweet tooth using non-nutritive
sweeteners without worsening their disease symptoms.

Question 22

An individual with a fasting plasma glucose level of 100 mg/dl and oral glucose tolerance test value of 150 mg/dl would be

A)normal.
B)hypoglycemic.
C)ketoniC.
D)diabetic.
E)prediabetic.

Question 23

Release of epinephrine from the adrenal gland

A)stimulates insulin release by the liver.
B)lowers blood glucose.
C)raises blood glucose.
D)increases ketone bodies.
E)results in ketoacidosis.

Question 24

Which is NOT true about gestational diabetes?

A)It increases the mother's future risk of type 1 diabetes.
B)It resolves shortly after the woman gives birth.
C)It causes pregnancy complications.
D)It increases the infant's future risk of obesity.
E)It increases the infant's future risk of type 2 diabetes.

Question 25

The definition of a resistant starch is

A)a nondigestible dietary fiber.
B)a type of soluble fiber.
C)a nondigestible starch.
D)a type of cellulose.
E)a type of functional fiber.

Question 26

Glycemic index is a measurement of the effect of carbohydrates on

A)the production of ketone bodies by the liver.
B)insulin production by the pancreas.
C)blood glucose levels.
D)urinary glucose excretion levels.
E)the synthesis of glucose by the liver.

Question 27

An individual with a fasting plasma glucose level of 90 mg/dl and oral glucose tolerance test value of 120 mg/dl would be

A)normal.
B)hypoglycemic.
C)ketoniC.
D)diabetic.
E)prediabetic.

Question 28

Reactive hypoglycemia is the result of

A)a pancreatic tumor.
B)inactivity and obesity.
C)too much insulin in response to a meal.
D)prolonged fasting.
E)drinking too much alcohol.

Question 29

Which changes in the urine are possible signs of diabetes?

A)increased volume and darker color
B)increased mineral content
C)increased glucose and ketone bodies
D)increased volume and ketone bodies
E)increased acidity and ketone bodies

Question 30

Why should individuals with type 2 diabetes consume a diet that is lower in fat and saturated fats?

Question 31

Glucagon increases blood glucose by promoting

A)glycogen synthesis by the liver.
B)glycogen synthesis by the muscles.
C)glycogen breakdown and glucose synthesis by the liver.
D)glycogen breakdown and glucose synthesis by the muscles.
E)glucose synthesis by the liver and muscles.

Question 32

Explain why diabetes causes excessive thirst and increased glucose in the urine.

Question 33

Women with gestational diabetes should consume

A)diets high in complex carbohydrates.
B)diets high in simple carbohydrates.
C)omega-3 fatty acids fish oil supplements.
D)antioxidant vitamin supplements.
E)both C and D

Question 34

An individual with blood glucose levels that drop below 70 mg/100 mL blood would be considered

A)normal.
B)hypoglycemic.
C)hyperglycemiC.
D)diabetic.
E)prediabetic.

Question 35

Which is the major cause of type 1 diabetes?

A)inactivity and obesity
B)pancreatic tumor
C)aging
D)loss of vascular elasticity
E)autoimmune disorder

Question 36

Which food combination would be expected to produce the lowest glycemic index value?

A)a cup of skim milk and a piece of frosted cake
B)a soft drink and French fries
C)a fruit salad consisting of watermelon and apples
D)a waffle topped with low-fat ice cream
E)a peanut butter and jam sandwich

Question 37

An individual experiences sudden weight loss despite increased food intake,extreme thirst,frequent urination,and fatigue.You suspect this individual may suffer from

A)fasting hypoglycemiA.
B)reactive hypoglycemia.
C)type 1 diabetes.
D)type 2 diabetes.
E)ketoacidosis.

Question 38

An individual with a fasting plasma glucose level of 150 mg/dl and oral glucose tolerance test value of 250 mg/dl would be

A)normal.
B)hypoglycemic.
C)ketoniC.
D)diabetic.
E)prediabetic.

Question 39

An individual with symptoms of weakness,sweating,and rapid heartbeat after consuming a carbohydrate meal may be suffering from

A)hyperglycemiA.
B)fasting hypoglycemia.
C)reactive hypoglycemia.
D)type 1 diabetes.
E)ketoacidosis.

Question 40

Which of these clinical tests enables type 1 diabetes to be distinguished from type 2 diabetes?

A)higher fasting blood glucose levels
B)higher oral glucose tolerance test values
C)higher ketone bodies in the blood
D)lower insulin levels
E)higher glucose levels in the urine

Question 41

Explain the short-term versus long-term complications of type 2 diabetes.

Question 42

Explain how the glycemic index can help blood glucose control.What are some of the problems associated with the glycemic index?

Question 43

Explain why individuals with diabetes produce higher amounts of ketone bodies.

Question 44

Explain the metabolic events that lead to symptoms of extreme thirst,frequent urination,elevated glucose levels in the urine,weight loss,and fatigue in diabetes.

Question 45

Explain why,according to the glycemic index,a frosted cake is among the food that can be consumed by diabetics? What is a problem with this concept?

Question 46

Explain why increased consumption of resistant starches is recommended for individuals with diabetes.Provide some food sources rich in resistant starches.

Question 47

Provide recommendations for diet and insulin injections to a patient with type 1 diabetes.

Question 48

What are the health consequences of ketoacidosis in people with diabetes?

Question 49

Explain the metabolic events that lead to symptoms of increase risk of heart disease,blindness,kidney failure,and limb amputation in diabetes.

Question 50

Develop a nutrition care plan to help your patient with gestational diabetes.Include a menu plan,methods to monitor disease,and other lifestyle interventions.