Deck 10: Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

The milk fortification program was instituted to

A)reduce blindness due to vitamin A deficiency.
B)reduce rickets due to vitamin D deficiency.
C)reduce osteomalacia due to vitamin D deficiency.
D)prevent hemorrhaging in infants due to vitamin K deficiency.
E)increase milk shelf-life by adding vitamin E.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

An early sign of vitamin A deficiency is

A)carotenemiA.
B)hypervitaminosis A
C)night blindness.
D)infectious diseases.
E)keratinization.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In order to avoid vitamin D toxicity,one should avoid

A)consuming too much beef liver.
B)too much exposure to sunlight.
C)consuming too much fortified milk and dairy products.
D)consuming vitamin D fortified juices.
E)high-dose vitamin D supplements.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which is not a fat-soluble vitamin?

A)tocopherol
B)carotenoids
C)ascorbic acid
D)retinoic acid
E)vitamin K

Question 5

Vitamin D deficiency in adults results in

A)rickets.
B)osteomalacia.
C)hypervitaminosis D
D)oxidative damage.
E)cancer.

Question 6

Which foods are the richest source of provitamin A?

A)beef liver and tuna
B)skim milk and other low-fat dairy products
C)dark,leafy,green vegetables
D)carrots and sweet potatoes
E)mango and pink grapefruit

Question 7

For absorption,fat-soluble vitamins are packed into _____ and transported into the _____.

A)chylomicrons;blood vessels
B)LDLs;blood vessels
C)chylomicrons;lymph
D)LDLs;lymph
E)VLDLs;lymph

Question 8

Vitamin D is converted to its active form by the

A)skin and small intestine.
B)skin and liver.
C)fat tissue and liver.
D)small intestines and kidneys.
E)kidneys and liver.

Question 9

Fat-soluble vitamins are mainly stored in

A)the gallbladder.
B)the gallbladder and liver.
C)skeletal muscles and liver.
D)skeletal muscles and fatty tissues.
E)fatty tissues and liver.

Question 10

_____is used to synthesize vitamin D when human skin is exposed to UV radiation.

A)Calcitriol
B)Melanin
C)Cortisol
D)Tocopherol
E)Cholesterol

Question 11

Which is an example of provitamin A?

A)retinoic acid
B)retinol
C)retinal
D)tocopherol
E)beta-carotene

Question 12

The active form of vitamin D is known as

A)cholesterol.
B)provitamin
C)calcitriol.
D)
D)tocopherol.
Rickets.

Question 13

Which does NOT play a role in maintaining blood concentrations when calcium levels are low?

A)parathyroid hormone increasing kidney production of active vitamin D
B)parathyroid hormone increasing intestinal production of active vitamin D
C)activated vitamin D increasing intestinal absorption calcium
D)activated vitamin D decreasing kidney excretion of calcium
E)activated vitamin D increasing release of calcium from the bone

Question 14

Which vitamin can be synthesized in significant amounts by humans and,therefore,may not be essential?

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin E
C)vitamin K
D)retinoids
E)carotenoids

Question 15

Which is the richest food source of vitamin D?

A)salmon (3 oz)
B)milk (1 cup)
C)fortified orange juice (1 cup)
D)cheese (1 slice)
E)egg (1 large)

Question 16

Which must be present for fat-soluble vitamins to be absorbed?

A)calcium and intrinsic factor
B)calcium and LDL
C)dietary lipids and bile
D)dietary lipids and LDL
E)dietary lipids and insulin

Question 17

Which vitamin combination does NOT have antioxidant properties?

A)vitamin K and vitamin D
B)vitamin E and vitamin C
C)ascorbic acid and carotenoids
D)vitamin E and xanthophylls
E)tocopherol and beta-carotene

Question 18

Which is NOT a function of vitamin D?

A)blood calcium regulation
B)bone growth and maintenance
C)immunity
D)antioxidant
E)cell development

Question 19

For adults age 19 to 50,the RDA for vitamin D is

A)400 IU.
B)600 IU.
C)900 IU.
D)1,000 IU.
E)4,000 IU.

Question 20

Calcification of soft tissues is a symptom of

A)vitamin A excess.
B)vitamin A deficiency.
C)vitamin D excess.
D)vitamin D deficiency.
E)vitamin K excess.

Question 21

The result of too much vitamin E intake is

A)increased blood clotting.
B)tendency to bleed.
C)low blood calcium levels.
D)keratinization.
E)kidney stones.

Question 22

Too much of which vitamin can result in birth defects?

A)retinoids
B)carotenoids
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin D
E)vitamin E

Question 23

Which can be produced by intestinal bacteria?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin E
E)tocopherol

Question 24

Which vitamin is particularly effective at preventing free-radical damage to cell membranes?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin E
D)vitamin K
E)carotenoids

Question 25

Which is NOT a good food source of vitamin E?

A)nuts
B)seeds
C)vegetable oil
D)milk
E)margarine

Question 26

Which fat-soluble vitamin can prevent the oxidation of LDL and potentially reduce risk of atherosclerosis?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin E
E)both vitamins A and K

Question 27

Too much carotene intake can result in

A)excessive bleeding.
B)a yellowing of the skin.
C)high blood calcium levels.
D)keratinization.
E)hypervitaminosis A.

Question 28

Which vitamin is given to infants soon after birth due to reduce the risk of hemorrhage?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin E
E)tocopherol

Question 29

What vitamins are associated with cell differentiation and cell development?

A)vitamins A and K
B)vitamins A and E
C)vitamins A and D
D)vitamins E and K
E)vitamins E and D

Question 30

Which can protect against free radicals?

A)mitochondrial energy metabolism
B)exposure to UV radiation
C)immune function
D)vitamin E supplementation
E)cigarette smoking

Question 31

Which vitamin functions as a hormone?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin K
D)both vitamins K and E
E)both vitamins A and D

Question 32

Which would provide the highest amount of vitamin E per tablespoon?

A)peanut butter
B)margarine
C)canola oil
D)olive oil
E)sunflower oil

Question 33

Which of these conditions can increase the tendency to bleed?

A)vitamin E toxicity
B)vitamin D deficiency
C)vitamin K deficiency
D)vitamin E and vitamin K deficiencies
E)vitamin D and vitamin K deficiencies

Question 34

Which vitamins play a role in bone health?

A)vitamin E and vitamin K
B)vitamin E and carotenoids
C)vitamin D and vitamin E
D)vitamin D and vitamin K
E)vitamin D and carotenoids

Question 35

When light strikes rhodopsin,retinal changes its shape from

A)cis to retinoic acid
B)cis to trans
C)trans to cis
D)cis retinoic acid to cis
E)trans retinoic acid to cis

Question 36

Antibiotic use can result in reduced synthesis of

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin E
D)vitamin K.
E)carotenoids.

Question 37

The visual pigment rhodopsin is made of _____ and _____.

A)opsin;beta-carotene
B)opsin;retinol
C)opsin;retinal
D)opsin;retinoic acid
E)opsin;xanthophyll

Question 38

Which deficiency condition is related to vitamin A's role in maintaining epithelial tissue?

A)hypervitaminosis A
B)osteomalacia
C)reduced immune function
D)keratinization
E)skin cancer

Question 39

Which fat-soluble vitamin has no established Upper Tolerable Intake Level (UL)?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin K
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin E
E)both vitamins A and K

Question 40

Vitamin A deficiency delays reformation of

A)cis retinal with opsin to form rhodopsin.
B)trans retinal with opsin to form rhodopsin.
C)trans retinol with opsin to form rhodopsin.
D)cis retinoic acid with opsin to form rhodopsin.
E)trans retinoic acid with opsin to form rhodopsin.

Question 41

How many micrograms of beta-carotene would you need to consume from food to provide 10 micrograms of retinol?

Question 42

Explain why cooked or processed carrots have more vitamin A activity than raw carrots?

Question 43

Describe the potential toxic effect of fat-soluble vitamins.To avoid toxicity due to dietary supplements,list rich food sources of these vitamins.

Question 44

How many micrograms of beta-carotene would you need to consume from supplements to provide 10 micrograms of retinol?

Question 45

List the differences between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins.

Question 46

Why are Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)values for vitamin A expressed as retinol activity equivalents?

Question 47

Name individuals (not including those with low-dietary intake)who are susceptible to vitamin D deficiency and explain why they may be deficient?

Question 48

Why does toxicity occur more often from fat-soluble vitamins than from water-soluble vitamins?

Question 49

Orange juice is often fortified with both calcium and vitaminD.Explain the role of vitamin D in relation to calcium.

Question 50

Describe the digestion,absorption,transport,and storage of fat-soluble vitamins.