Question 1

According to the World Health Organization (WHO),approximately what percentage of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis?&#10;A) one-tenth&#10;B) one-eighth&#10;C) one-quarter&#10;D) one-third

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization (WHO)estimates that one-third of the world's population-representing 2 billion people-is infected.This disease kills more adults worldwide each year than does any other single pathogen.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of the arterial blood gas measurement for a patient with emphysema?
1.elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide
2.normal partial pressure of carbon dioxide
3.decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide
4.decreased partial pressure of oxygen 5.normal partial pressure of oxygen

A) 1, 4
B) 2, 4
C) 3, 4
D) 1, 5
E) 2, 5

2, 4

Accepted Answer

Patients with emphysema have a relatively normal partial pressure of carbon dioxide and a decreased partial pressure of oxygen.Patients with chronic bronchitis have an elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide and a decreased partial pressure of oxygen.

Question 3

Which of the following is the drug of choice for relief of an acute asthma attack?&#10;A) oral anticholinergic&#10;B) inhalation corticosteroid&#10;C) short-acting &#946;2-adrenergic agonist&#10;D) inhaled cromolyn sodium

Accepted Answer

For relief of an acute asthma attack,inhaled short-acting β₂-adrenergic agonists are the drugs of choice because of their fast and notable bronchodilatory and smooth muscle relaxation properties.Inhalation corticosteroids,inhaled cromolyn sodium,and oral anticholinergics are not used for this purpose because of slow onset of action.

Question 4

For which of the following categories of patients is treatment in the dental office contraindicated?
1.patients with a positive tuberculin test
2.patients with a history of tuberculosis
3.patients with clinically active sputum-positive tuberculosis

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 1, 2
C) 2, 3
D) 3

Accepted Answer

Patients with recently diagnosed,clinically active TB and positive sputum cultures should not be treated on an outpatient basis.Treatment is best rendered in a hospital setting with appropriate isolation,sterilization (mask,gloves,gown),and special engineering control (ventilation)systems and filtration masks.The patient with a history of tuberculosis who is found to be free of active disease and is not immunosuppressed may be treated with the use of standard precautions.Patients with a positive tuberculin skin test may be treated in a normal manner with the use of standard precautions.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the signs and symptoms associated with COPD for patients who were historically referred to as &#34;blue bloaters&#34; or &#34;pink puffers&#34;?&#10;A) Patients who had emphysema were traditionally known as &#34;pink puffers&#34; because they demonstrated enlarged chest walls, giving them a &#34;barrel-chested&#34; appearance.&#10;B) Currently, it is recognized that most patients with COPD may exhibit features of both diseases.&#10;C) &#34;Blue bloaters&#34; demonstrated weight loss with progression of the disease and a lack of cyanosis.&#10;D) a and b&#10;E) b and c

Accepted Answer

"Blue bloaters" were presented as patients who had chronic bronchitis.They were described as sedentary,overweight,cyanotic,edematous,and breathless.Patients diagnosed with emphysema were traditionally known as "pink puffers" because they demonstrated enlarged chest walls,giving them a "barrel-chested" appearance; weight loss with disease progression; severe exertional dyspnea with a mild,nonproductive cough; lack of cyanosis; and pursing of the lips with effort to forcibly exhale air from the lungs.Most patients with COPD may exhibit features of both diseases.

Question 6

The most important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)in the world is ________.&#10;A) occupational pollutants&#10;B) environment pollutants&#10;C) tobacco smoking&#10;D) allergy

Accepted Answer

Worldwide,tobacco smoking is the most important cause of COPD.Approximately 12.5% of current smokers and 9% of former smokers have COPD.Smoking also accounts for 85% to 90% of COPD-related deaths in both men and women.The risk for development of COPD is dose related and increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and duration of smoking.

Question 7

Which of the following agents is currently regarded as the first-line medication for long-term control of asthma?&#10;A) &#946;-adrenergic agonist&#10;B) corticosteroid&#10;C) theophylline&#10;D) cromolyn sodium

Accepted Answer

Current guidelines recommend a "stepped care" approach that uses inhaled anti-inflammatory agents as first-line drugs (the preferred inhalational agent is a corticosteroid preparation,with a leukotriene inhibitor as an alternative)for the long-term management and prophylaxis of persistent asthma.β-adrenergic agonists are recommended for intermittent asthma when anti-inflammatory drugs are inadequate alone.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of dental management for a patient with COPD?&#10;A) The appointment should be rescheduled if pulse oximetry finds the oxygen saturation level to be less than 91%.&#10;B) The patient should be placed in a supine position for treatment in the dental chair.&#10;C) Prilocaine is the only local anesthetic that is recommended for use with this category of patient.&#10;D) Nitrous oxide is preferred over diazepam (Valium) for a patient with severe COPD.

Accepted Answer

A patient coming to the office for routine dental care who displays shortness of breath at rest,a productive cough,upper respiratory infection,or an oxygen saturation level less than 91% (as determined by pulse oximetry)is unstable,and the appointment should be rescheduled and an appropriate referral for medical attention should be made.Patients should be placed in a semisupine or upright chair position for treatment,rather than in the supine position,to prevent orthopnea and a feeling of respiratory discomfort.No contraindication to the use of local anesthetic has been identified.If sedative medication is required,low-dose oral diazepam may be used.Nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation sedation should not be used in patients with severe COPD and emphysema because gas may accumulate in air spaces of the diseased lung.

Question 9

The use of local anesthetic without epinephrine or levonordefrin may be advisable for patients with moderate to severe asthma because _________ preservatives are found in local anesthetic solutions that contain epinephrine or levonordefrin.

A) alum
B) sulfite
C) methylparaben
D) sodium chloride

Accepted Answer

In 1987,the U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA)warned that drugs containing sulfites were a cause of allergic-type reaction in susceptible individuals.Sulfite preservatives are found in local anesthetic solutions that contain epinephrine or levonordefrin,although the amount of sulfite in a local anesthetic cartridge is less than the amount commonly found in an average serving of certain foods.

Question 10

Any time a patient demonstrates unexplained,persistent signs or symptoms that may be suggestive of TB,or has a positive result on skin testing or IGRA,and has not been given follow-up medical care,_________.

A) it is appropriate to treat the patient using standard precautions
B) respiratory equipment should be used during provision of dental care
C) only treatment that utilizes a rubber dam should be provided
D) dental care should not be rendered, and the patient should be referred to a physician for evaluation

Accepted Answer

Dental care should not be rendered.If a health care provider is exposed to TB,the provider should be evaluated for skin test conversion.Converters should be treated promptly with isoniazid.

Question 11

Which of the following medications is associated with &#34;triad asthmaticus&#34;?&#10;A) methotrexate&#10;B) nonspecific beta blockers&#10;C) aspirin&#10;D) penicillin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following medications is associated...

Question 12

Which of the following chronic inflammatory diseases of the airways is characterized by reversible episodes of increased airway hyperresponsiveness?&#10;A) emphysema&#10;B) asthma&#10;C) chronic bronchitis&#10;D) a and b&#10;E) b and c

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following chronic inflammatory diseases...

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding laboratory tests for tuberculosis?&#10;A) A positive tuberculin (Mantoux) skin test (TST) means that the person has clinically active tuberculosis.&#10;B) The interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) is administered by intradermal injection of 0.1 mL of purified protein derivative (PPD).&#10;C) All dentists should undergo annual tuberculin skin testing.&#10;D) The IGRA test can discriminate active from latent infection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true regarding...

Deck 7: Pulmonary Disease