Question 1

Which of the following is used to make a diagnosis of breast cancer?&#10;A) breast pain&#10;B) nipple discharge&#10;C) mammography&#10;D) biopsy

Accepted Answer

Diagnosis of breast cancer is made from a core biopsy of breast tissue.Breast cancer is often detected as a lump in the breast with or without nipple discharge,breast skin changes,and breast pain.Mammography detects the mass in only 75% to 85% of patients.Although mammography recently has been controversial,it is still a valuable screening technique as considered by the American Cancer Society (ACS).

Question 2

The risk for a second oral cancer in smokers whose habits remain unchanged is about __%,as compared with 13% for those who quit smoking.&#10;A) 15&#10;B) 20&#10;C) 25&#10;D) 30

Accepted Answer

The risk for a second oral cancer in smokers whose habits remain unchanged is about 30%.Careful follow-up is particularly important in patients with oral cancer,who are at increased risk for a second primary cancer in the respiratory system,upper digestive tract,or oral cavity.

Question 3

The &#34;M&#34; in TNM stands for _________.&#10;A) medullary&#10;B) medial&#10;C) metastasis&#10;D) monomorphic

Accepted Answer

TNM is an abbreviation for tumor-node-metastasis.The TNM system is used to stage cancers.Malignant tumors overcome the limitation of anatomic boundaries and begin to outgrow their blood supply.Metastasis is a distinct form of cancerous spread that occurs when malignant cells enter blood or lymphatic vessels and travel to distant sites.Metastasis is related to factors produced by tumor cells that allow individual cells to invade tissues and endothelium.

Question 4

Which of the following is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States?&#10;A) colon cancer&#10;B) breast cancer&#10;C) lung cancer&#10;D) bone cancer

Accepted Answer

Lung cancer is the cause of 14% of cancer cases and is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States.Although it maintains a similar incidence with breast and prostate cancer,the number of deaths caused by lung cancer exceeds the two combined.The number of new cases has been declining in men since 1984; by contrast,the incidence in women increased in the 1980s and 1990s and only recently declined.

Question 5

Prophylactic antibiotics are often recommended for a neutropenic patient if the white blood cell count (WBC)is less than _____.&#10;A) 2,000&#10;B) 1,000&#10;C) 500&#10;D) 250

Accepted Answer

Prophylactic antibiotics are often recommended if the WBC count is less than 2,000 or the neutrophil count is less than 500 (or 1,000 at some institutions.)There is no evidence that antibiotic prophylaxis is effective under these circumstances,but it is often recommended.

Question 6

How much of a reduction in salivary flow occurs in the first week after radiation therapy?&#10;A) 10%&#10;B) 25%&#10;C) 50%&#10;D) 75%

Accepted Answer

Usually,a 50% to 60% reduction in salivary flow occurs in the first week after radiation therapy.As a sequela of radiotherapy,saliva is reduced in volume and altered in consistency,pH,and immunoglobulin concentration.

Question 7

Where in the mouth is mucositis due to radiation therapy most likely to develop?&#10;A) buccal mucosa&#10;B) dorsum of the tongue&#10;C) hard palate&#10;D) gingival epithelium

Accepted Answer

Mucositis develops more often in nonkeratinized mucosa (buccal and labial mucosa,ventral tongue)and adjacent to metallic restorations by the end of the second week of radiation therapy (if the dose is 200 cGy per week).Mucositis occurs in up to 40% of patients undergoing chemotherapy and often is a dose-limiting factor for chemotherapy and a cause of dose interruption of radiation therapy.

Question 8

Which of the following types of cancer has the fastest-growing incidence in the United States?&#10;A) melanoma&#10;B) lung&#10;C) breast&#10;D) prostate

Accepted Answer

The incidence of melanoma is increasing faster than any other cancer,with approximately 70,000 new cases of melanoma reported in the United States annually.Ultraviolet light sun exposure is the major etiologic factor.Because of the increased time spent outdoors and the thinning of the earth's atmosphere,the rate of melanoma has increased.Increased risk also is associated with light skin color,history of severe sunburns in childhood,overall nevus count greater than 50,light and red hair color,extensive freckling,and regular use of tanning beds.

Question 9

Which of the following is the preferred approach for evaluating a patient for colorectal cancer?&#10;A) sigmoidoscopy&#10;B) digital rectal examination&#10;C) colonoscopy&#10;D) barium enema with air contrast

Accepted Answer

Colonoscopy is the preferred approach for evaluating a patient for colorectal cancer.This approach permits tissue and brush biopsy to be performed.Staging of the patient is aided by endoscopic ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT)scanning.Surgical excision is the treatment of choice with lesions encroaching the distal 5 cm of the colon,resulting in colostomy.Radiation therapy is used for treatment of rectal and anal cancer.Chemotherapy is used when metastatic spread occurs.

Question 10

Which of the following is the most common type of cancer in the United States?&#10;A) breast&#10;B) colon&#10;C) lung&#10;D) bone

Accepted Answer

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States,with 98% of cases occurring in women.The incidence increases with age.Risk factors include early menarche,late menopause,and nulliparity.All breast cancers are the result of somatic genetic abnormalities.

Question 11

According to the most recent recommendations from the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS),the working definition of BON (or BRONJ [bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw])is based on the criteria of current or previous treatment with a bisphosphonate,and __________________.
1.exposed bone in the maxillofacial region that has persisted for more than 2 weeks
2.exposed bone in the maxillofacial region that has persisted for more than 8 weeks
3.history of radiation therapy to the jaws
4.no history of radiation therapy to the jaws

A) 1, 3
B) 1, 4
C) 2, 3
D) 2, 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the most recent recommendations from...

Question 12

Which of the following is the most important risk factor for breast cancer?&#10;A) smoking&#10;B) exposure to carcinogens&#10;C) genetics&#10;D) nulliparity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the most...

Question 13

Which of the following are components of protocols to reduce the risk of osteoradionecrosis following radiation to the jaws?&#10;A) hyperbaric oxygen therapy before invasive procedures&#10;B) selection of extraction over endodontic therapy&#10;C) use of lidocaine with epinephrine as a local anesthetic&#10;D) use of lidocaine without epinephrine as a local anesthetic

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are components of...

Question 14

Which of the following is the major etiologic agent of cervical cancer?&#10;A) somatic genetic abnormalities&#10;B) birth control pills&#10;C) human papilloma viruses&#10;D) unknown

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the major...

Question 15

Which type of T lymphocyte body defense cell normally protects against cancer cells?&#10;A) T memory&#10;B) T helper&#10;C) T natural killer&#10;D) T suppressor

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of T lymphocyte body defense...

Question 16

What is the critical amount (&#34;D&#34;-diameter)in millimeters in the mnemonic ABCD for melanoma?&#10;A) 3 mm&#10;B) 6 mm&#10;C) 9 mm&#10;D) 12 mm

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the critical amount (&#34;D&#34;-diameter)in millimeters...

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the incidence of cancer in the United States?&#10;A) Cancer is second only to heart disease as the leading cause of death in the United States.&#10;B) The incidence of cancer has decreased over the past 50 years.&#10;C) The death rate from all cancers combined has increased in the past 10 years.&#10;D) a, b, c&#10;E) a and c

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true regarding...

Question 18

Which of the following is the most common type of breast cancer?&#10;A) infiltrating lobular carcinoma&#10;B) infiltrating ductal carcinoma&#10;C) mucinous carcinoma&#10;D) tubular carcinoma

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the most...

Question 19

The American Cancer Society (ACS)recommends a mammogram and professional clinical examination every year for women __ years of age and over.&#10;A) 30&#10;B) 40&#10;C) 50&#10;D) 60

Accepted Answer

The answer of The American Cancer Society (ACS)recommends a mammogram...

Question 20

The overall incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)in oral leukoplakia approximates __%.&#10;A) 1&#10;B) 10&#10;C) 20&#10;D) 30

Accepted Answer

The answer of The overall incidence of squamous cell carcinoma...

Deck 26: Cancer and Oral Care of the Cancer Patient