Question 1

Which characteristic among women correlates with a high morbidity of cancer of the colon, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, breast, uterus, and kidney?&#10;A)Women older than 45 years of age&#10;B)Women who never had children&#10;C)Women who had a high body mass index&#10;D)Woman who smoked for more than 10 years

Accepted Answer

A recent hypothesis states that the observed increased incidence of such cancers as breast, endometrium, colon, liver, kidney, and adenomas of the esophagus may be associated with obesity. There are no current data to support the remaining options.

Question 2

The most important risk factors associated with the development of skin melanoma include:&#10;A)light-colored hair.&#10;B)blue eyes.&#10;C)fair skin.&#10;D)freckles.&#10;E)history of acne.

Accepted Answer

Risk factors associated with a high risk of melanoma include light-colored hair, eyes, and skin; an inability to tan; and a tendency to freckle, sunburn, and develop nevi. There are no current data to support acne as a risk factor.

Question 3

There is no current evidence that associates adult obesity with cancer formation.

Accepted Answer

A large prospective study of 900,000 American adults showed obesity is linked to cancer.

Question 4

Tobacco smoking is associated with cancers of all of the following except:&#10;A)lung.&#10;B)skin.&#10;C)bladder.&#10;D)kidney.&#10;E)pancreas.

Accepted Answer

Smoking causes cancer of the lung and is associated with cancers of the renal gland, bladder, penis, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavities, sinuses, esophagus, stomach, liver, kidney, uterus, and myeloid leukemia. There are no data currently linking the tobacco smoking skin cancer.

Question 5

Which of the following has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination with tobacco smoking?&#10;A)Alcohol&#10;B)Steroids&#10;C)Antihistamines&#10;D)Antidepressants

Accepted Answer

Alcohol interacts with smoke, increasing the risk of malignant tumors, possibly by acting as a solvent for the carcinogenic chemicals in smoke products. There are no current data to support that the remaining options have an increased effect on the incidence of cancer when used in combination with tobacco smoking.

Question 6

Research data support the relationship between ultraviolet sunlight exposure and the development of:&#10;A)basal cell carcinoma.&#10;B)squamous cell carcinoma.&#10;C)melanoma.&#10;D)non-Hodgkin lymphoma.&#10;E)soft tissue sarcoma.

Accepted Answer

UVL causes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. There is no current research to support a causative relationship between the remaining options and ultraviolet sunlight exposure.

Question 7

Alcohol consumption has been proven to be a consistent risk factor in the development of which of the following major cancers?&#10;A)Colorectal&#10;B)Kidney&#10;C)Breast&#10;D)Esophageal&#10;E)Pancreatic

Accepted Answer

Research data support the consistent risk alcohol consumption has on breast, colorectal and esophageal cancer; no such data have yet been determined for the remaining options.

Question 8

An increased number of sexual partners have been shown to be related to the incidence of cervical cancer.

Accepted Answer

The number of sexual partners is more probably an indicator of human papillomavirus (required for the development of most cervical cancers) exposure rather than an independent risk factor.

Question 9

Which of the following environmental factors has been shown to have the greatest effect on the frequency of genetic mutations in humans?&#10;A)Tobacco use&#10;B)Radiation exposure&#10;C)Obesity&#10;D)Alcohol abuse&#10;E)Stressful occupation

Accepted Answer

The frequency and consequences of genetic mutations can be altered by a number of environmental factors. The most significant factors include smoking, radiation, obesity, and a few oncogenic viruses.

Question 10

Which of the following diagnostic tests provides the greatest exposure to ionizing radiation?&#10;A)A four-view mammogram&#10;B)A whole body DEXA scan&#10;C)A CT scan of the abdomen&#10;D)A PET scan of the brain

Accepted Answer

Ionizing radiation exposure is measured in mSv (mrem); A CT scan of the abdomen generates 10 mSv; a whole body DEXA scan, 0.0004; a four-view mammogram, 0.7; and a PET scan of the brain, 1.

Deck 12: Cancer Epidemiology