Deck 7: Marriage, Family, and Kinship

Question 1

Polygyny is a form of marriage in which:

A)women's status is universally low.
B)women's status is universally high.
C)women's and men's status varies cross-culturally.
D)men's status is universally high.
E)men's status is universally low.

Answer 1

men's status is universally high.

Question 2

When cash or goods are given by the groom's kin to the bride's kin to seal the marriage,it is classified as:

A)dowry.
B)bride service.
C)bridewealth.
D)levirate.
E)sororate.

Answer 2

bridewealth.

Question 3

What is most responsible for changing Na family structures today?

A)the shortage of women in China today
B)state-sponsored public school and the need to name a father on official documents
C)economic prosperity and the desire to create inheritance lines to allow children to inherit
D)increasing economic demands and poverty that make it necessary for the family to become larger and more productive
E)the shortage of men

Answer 3

state-sponsored public school and the need to name a father on official documents

Question 4

Bride service is found most commonly among which type of society?

A)agricultural
B)horticultural
C)foraging
D)industrial
E)pastoral

Question 5

Nuclear families are organized around __________ relations and extended families are organized around __________ relations.

A)consanguineal;descent
B)conjugal;consanguineal
C)descent;residence
D)residence;conjugal
E)relative;blood

Question 6

Among the Toda of South India,there tends to be:

A)fraternal polyandry.
B)maternal polyandry.
C)fraternal polygyny.
D)maternal polygyny.
E)monogamy.

Question 7

What is the primary significance of rules of exogamy?

A)They form the basis for alliance between groups.
B)They keep privileges and wealth of a group intact.
C)They limit rivalries for power and influence.
D)They function to create a more conservative religious alliance.
E)They allow families to marry individuals who are related to them.

Question 8

What percentage of the world's societies permit polygyny as a marriage norm?

A)15%
B)37%
C)59%
D)75%
E)83%

Question 9

Ego's mother's brother's child is classified as which kind of cousin in anthropology?

A)parallel
B)cross
C)affinal
D)third
E)second

Question 10

Which of the following is not a correct argument supporting the use of dowry?

A)It symbolizes the affection that the bride's family feels for her.
B)It is the most common form of marriage compensation found in the world today.
C)It is a compensatory payment given by the bride's family to the groom's family as acknowledgement of their taking on an economic burden.
D)It is a source of security for women in a new marriage.
E)It provides the newly-married couple with resources to start their own household.

Question 11

The customs,rules,and obligations that establish a socially-endorsed relationship between adults and children and between the kin groups of the married partners is called:

A)cohabitation.
B)conjugal union.
C)"family visits."
D)intercourse.
E)marriage.

Question 12

What is unique about family relationships among the Na of China?

A)Among the Na,marriage is polygamous.Men and women reproduce temporarily and then move on to other relationships.Women and men never live together.
B)There is no marriage or paternity recognized in the culture;men and women reproduce through incest.Families consist of women,brothers,and their children.
C)There is no marriage or paternity recognized in the culture;men only visit women temporarily and leave.Families consist of the women,their children,and their male relatives.
D)There is no marriage or paternity recognized in the culture;men only visit women temporarily and leave.Families consist of women and their children.Men always live in village men's houses.
E)There is marriage among the Na,but it is not defined the same way as it is in Western society.Men and women practice serial marriage,moving from one to another partner and living together temporarily.

Question 13

Parallel-cousin marriage involves:

A)children whose parents are first cousins.
B)children whose parents are related by marriage.
C)children who are third cousins.
D)children of the parents' opposite-sex siblings.
E)children of the parents' same-sex siblings.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is not true?

A)In most societies the economic potential of the groom is highly significant.
B)In arranged marriages the senior members of a family exercise a great deal of influence over the marriage.
C)In most societies kin group interests have a more significant role in mate selection than individual desires.
D)Arranged marriages are not found in the majority of the world's cultures.
E)In most societies the bride's reproductive potential is a significant part of the marriage arrangement.

Question 15

Bronislaw Malinowski argued that the incest taboo is universal because:

A)it decreases the amount of genetic harmfulness and reduces the number of weak offspring.
B)it decreases the potential for family conflict and disruption of role relationships.
C)it increases the number of social alliances that people make within human societies.
D)all societies have the same rules of exogamy and endogamy.
E)it increases the number of marriageable pairs within a society and allows population to grow at a higher rate.

Question 16

Marriage traditionally,and most commonly,extends social alliances between all of the following except:

A)cultures.
B)the couple.
C)the couple and child.
D)kin groups.
E)different families.

Question 17

Under the levirate rule,if Tom and Jane are married and:

A)Tom dies,Jane will be returned to her nuclear family.
B)Tom dies,Jane will marry one of Tom's uncles.
C)Tom dies,Jane will marry one of Tom's brothers.
D)Jane dies,Tom will marry one of Jane's aunts.
E)Jane dies,Tom will marry one of Jane's sisters.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the incest taboo is correct?

A)All human societies have an incest taboo,but it is only applicable to the nuclear family.
B)The incest taboo is found only in Western societies.
C)All human societies have an incest taboo.
D)The incest taboo encourages cousins to mate but not members of the same nuclear family.
E)The incest taboo is universal and prevents mating between members of the nuclear family and first cousins.

Question 19

In the United States,racial groups and social classes tend to be:

A)endogamous.
B)exogamous.
C)collateral kin.
D)caste-like.
E)patrilineal.

Question 20

The most common form of marriage across cultures is:

A)monogamy.
B)polygyny.
C)polyandry.
D)arranged marriage.
E)serial monogamy.

Question 21

When a couple lives with the wife's family,it is referred to as:

A)neolocal residence.
B)bilocal residence.
C)avunculocal residence.
D)patrilocal residence.
E)matrilocal residence.

Question 22

Exogamy specifies that a person must marry within a specific group of individuals.

Question 23

The Hopi are a(n)_________ society.

A)matrilineal
B)patrilineal
C)bilateral
D)ambilineal
E)cognatic

Question 24

Which kinship principle differentiates between cross-cousins and parallel cousins?

A)consanguinal vs.affinal kin
B)gender
C)bifurcation
D)relative age
E)sex of linking relative

Question 25

All of the following are principles for classifying kin except:

A)sex of linking relative.
B)lineality vs.collaterality.
C)gender.
D)race.
E)relative age.

Question 26

How has the American family changed since the 1960s?

A)Almost fifty percent of American families have been through a divorce.
B)Women continue to bear the greatest responsibilities for housework and childcare.
C)Almost half of the children of divorced families have not seen their father in more than one year.
D)Divorce is frequently followed by remarriage.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 27

A(n)__________ family is organized around the female line.

A)ambilineal
B)patrilineal
C)matrilineal
D)bilineal
E)kindred

Question 28

Although lay people refer to plural marriage as "polygamy," the appropriate anthropological term for what the FLDS practice is:

A)polyandry.
B)polygyny.
C)polygandry.
D)polysororate.
E)plurality.

Question 29

Kin groups that trace descent from a common ancestor and who can demonstrate those genealogical links among themselves are called:

A)moieties.
B)clans.
C)kindreds.
D)corporate descent groups.
E)lineages.

Question 30

The Nuer are a(n)___________ society.

A)matrilineal
B)patrilineal
C)bilateral
D)ambilineal
E)cognatic

Question 31

When a couple can choose between living with the wife's or husband's family,it is called:

A)neolocal residence.
B)bilocal residence.
C)avunculocal residence.
D)patrilocal residence.
E)matrilocal residence.

Question 32

The individual who has authority and control in a matrilineal society is:

A)the children's father.
B)the children's grandmother.
C)the children maternal uncle (mother' brother).
D)the children's paternal uncle (father's brother).
E)the children's mother.

Question 33

Most polygynous families are structured into:

A)composite families.
B)nuclear families.
C)extended families.
D)matrilineal families.
E)avunculocal families.

Question 34

Marriage is a cultural construction.

Question 35

The primary difference between the FLDS and the Mormon Church is that:

A)the FLDS does not believe in following any of U.S.federal laws.
B)the FDS continues to practice polygamy.
C)the FLDS and the Mormon Church agreed to a separation of land and resources.
D)the FLDS does not use electricity and running water;they believe in producing everything for themselves.
E)the FLDS and Mormon Church do not have the same religious roots.

Question 36

The principle of __________ differentiates relatives by blood from relatives by marriage.

A)consanguineal vs.affinal kin
B)lineality vs.collaterality
C)relative age
D)bifurcation
E)gender

Question 37

Non-unilineal descent groups are also called:

A)cognatic.
B)matrilineal.
C)patrilineal.
D)double descent.
E)compository.

Question 38

When kin group interests are the basis of mate selection it is called arranged marriage.

Question 39

All societies practice some form of the levirate and sororate.

Question 40

Which of the following is not an example of a cognatic descent system?

A)Both the mother's and father's lines are equally used to determine descent and kinship.
B)A system has no clear-cut descent group,but rather has a network of kin called kindred.
C)A man and his children belong to the same descent group.Inheritance is passed from father to son.
D)A child chooses to affiliate with his or her mother's descent group.
E)A child chooses to affiliate with his or her father's descent group.

Question 41

Most non-unilineal systems are __________.

Question 42

More than 25 percent of the world's population is traditionally neolocal.

Question 43

Marriage is a virtually universal institution among human societies.Discuss the advantages that marriage has for human society.In the case of a society that does not have marriage,how might it regulate these needs without marriage?

Question 44

Name four functions of marriage.

Question 45

The Fundamentalist Latter-Day Saints are part of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.

Question 46

Bride wealth transactions are particularly characteristic of Africa.

Question 47

Ambilineal descent is a type of cognatic descent.

Question 48

How does polyandry differ from polygyny?

Question 49

How many generations are there in an extended family?

Question 50

Name three functions of a kinship system.

Question 51

Polygyny is a very commonly-accepted form of marriage in many societies.List and describe of the advantages of polygyny for a man,his wives,and his children.

Question 52

Clans do not normally indicate the residence of an individual.

Question 53

Consider a newly-married couple in each of the various forms of residence.How does the particular residence rule affect the type of family that couple will produce and how that family will function?

Question 54

Kinship systems are cultural phenomena.

Question 55

Compare and contrast each of the marriage compensations that are found in contemporary human societies.How are these changing today in a globalized economy?

Question 56

Compare and contrast the functions of marriage and kinship systems in a society.