Deck 14: Anthropology Makes a Difference

Question 1

What do we call anthropology that communicates with nonanthropological audiences in order to have an impact on critical contemporary issues?

A)Critical anthropology
B)Public anthropology
C)Native anthropology
D)Social anthropology
E)Grassroots anthropology

Answer 1

Public anthropology

Question 2

Unlike anthropologists,art critics in the early 20th century felt that:

A)indigenous art did not qualify as art under any circumstances.
B)all art was indigenous art and should be recognized as "primitive."
C)art had universal intrinsic artistic qualities.
D)art had no intrinsic value.
E)art was highly related to its cultural context.

Answer 2

art had universal intrinsic artistic qualities.

Question 3

Why did the African-American community in Hyde Park not receive any type of compensation or settlement for the damages caused by environmental pollution of local factories?

A)They did not have lawyers who were capable of representing them.
B)They were not told about the lawsuit or settlement.
C)The lawsuit failed and there were not damages paid.
D)The white residents of Hyde Park took all of the settlement money.
E)The court costs were so high that there was no money left after the settlement.

Answer 3

They were not told about the lawsuit or settlement.

Question 4

All of the following are facts about the African Burial Ground Project except:

A)over 400 bodies were discovered in the burial ground.
B)slavery operated in the northern U.S. ,as well as the southern states.
C)some 1.5 million artifacts were located there,contributing to our understanding of African material culture.
D)the site was discovered in lower Manhattan in 1985.
E)the anthropologist in charge of the site was a biological anthropologist.

Question 5

Forensic anthropology is best (and most holistically)defined as:

A)the examination and notation of human biological decay.
B)the excavation and analysis of human remains in order to identify individuals.
C)the excavation and analysis of human remains in order to understand culture.
D)the laboratory analysis of human remains in order to determine manner of death.
E)the analysis of human remains in order to chronicle political and social movements of change.

Question 6

With which country is Diego Garcia historically and politically associated?

A)Kenya
B)France
C)Belgium
D)Madagascar
E)Mauritius

Question 7

Which of the following best defines "race" in anthropology?

A)the sorting of people by physical differences
B)the categorization of people based upon physical capacities
C)the division of people into groups based upon essential biological differences
D)the separation of people into separate breeding pools
E)the grouping of people based upon intelligence capacities

Question 8

All of the following are ways that the anthropological perspective is best incorporated into museum exhibits on indigenous art except by:

A)telling the official historical account of Native American history.
B)collaborating with indigenous peoples on exhibits of their art.
C)framing the exhibit with narratives that frame (and explain)the exhibit.
D)labeling objects to emphasize ethnographic context.
E)respecting sacred objects that are included within the exhibit.

Question 9

Which of the following is not true about the island of Diego Garcia?

A)It is off limits to the Red Cross and other international observers.
B)It was a military base for the U.S.during World War I.
C)It was used as a take-off point for U.S.military aircraft invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan in the Gulf War.
D)It is off limits to the media today.
E)It is used as a storehouse for U.S.military weaponry.

Question 10

In what country did Edward Snajdr do ethnographic work on women in situations of domestic violence?

A)Russia
B)Kazakhstan
C)Pakistan
D)India
E)the United States

Question 11

What is the relationship between biology and culture?

A)They are responsive to each other and flexible and adaptable.
B)Culture is a biological imperative and is attached to our genes.
C)Human biology cannot be activated without culture.
D)Biology and culture are both fixed and determined at birth.
E)Although culture is very important,it does not have any biological effect.

Question 12

Anthropology routinely contributes all of the following except:

A)analyses of human events and solutions to human problems.
B)information about the dynamic elements of social organization.
C)ways to become advocates for other cultures.
D)a means to determine which culture is more favorable for an area.
E)help for governments who wish to implement more sensitive policy for indigenous cultures.

Question 13

In what U.S.city do we find the African Burial Ground National Monument?

A)Detroit
B)Atlanta
C)Washington D.C.
D)Chicago
E)New York City

Question 14

What role has David Vines played in the Chagossian struggle?

A)He has worked to document their losses and calculate the compensation that they are due because of their displacement.
B)He has worked with military advisors to help meet local demands of the Chagossian population while their island is utilized by foreigners.
C)He has worked to obtain social services for the Chagossians while they are displaced on the island of Seychelles.
D)He has helped organize a strong Chagossian military presence so that they can proclaim their independence from the United States.
E)He has worked to publicize their struggles and obtain outside aid in providing schools and health care for the Chagossians left on Diego Garcia Island.

Question 15

Melissa Checker's ethnographic study of Hyde Park was carried out in which state?

A)New York
B)Massachusetts
C)Alabama
D)Georgia
E)Florida

Question 16

What does it mean to say that anthropologists are "studying up"?

A)They are preparing a great deal of background research.
B)They are studying architectural and space-use aspects within a situation.
C)They are gathering information from people who are powerful and influential in the society.
D)They are working with the lowest social classes and will eventually move up the social scale to interview others.
E)They are doing comparative research between a native population and their own culture.

Question 17

Approximately how many burials do anthropologists believe were contained within the African Burial Ground circa 1790?

A)400
B)1,000
C)5,000
D)10,000
E)20,000

Question 18

All of the following are primary messages of the RACE Project except:

A)race is part of the narrative about human variation.
B)race is a recent human invention.
C)understandings of race are rooted in human culture.
D)race is founded upon sound biological principles.
E)racism continues to be embedded in contemporary U.S.society.

Question 19

Which anthropologist referred to the discipline as a "reformer's science"?

A)Franz Boas
B)Bronislaw Malinowski
C)E.B.Tylor
D)Margaret Mead
E)Sherry Ortner

Question 20

Why does domestic violence occur frequently among immigrant women?

A)Most of these women come from Latin America,where there are very strong patriarchal values that condone domestic violence.
B)Many of these women do not consider the violence they face in the home as unusual or illegal.
C)Immigrant women must make alliances with very strong men in order to survive in a new country.
D)Immigrant women cannot speak English and so are completely unable to communicate their distress to social workers.
E)Many of these women lack the language and economic opportunities to provide them with alternatives.

Question 21

Why do Richard Lee and Ida Susser believe that the Ju/'hoansi have a significantly lower rate of HIV infection?

A)economic autonomy of women
B)political autonomy of women
C)religious belief system
D)sexual abstinence
E)social norms

Question 22

Domestic violence is not a major problem in the United States.

Question 23

In southern Africa,approximately what percentage of AIDS victims are women?

A)15%
B)25%
C)60%
D)75%
E)90%

Question 24

Medical anthropology draws upon which of the following?

A)cultural anthropology
B)linguistic anthropology
C)social anthropology
D)biological anthropology
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about child sex workers in New York City did Richard Curtis find to be true?

A)They often blamed their parents for their living situations and need to leave their homes.
B)Many youths were attracted to the sex trade by the media glamour surrounding it on television.
C)Girls were found to be far more solitary and disconnected than boys.
D)Almost all of the youths entered the sex trade after being propositioned by a stranger on the street who turned out to be a pimp.
E)Almost 75% of the youths were homeless.

Question 26

What is a dagongmei?

A)a child worker in Brazil
B)a factory worker in China
C)a pimp who works in New York City
D)a ritual object used by indigenous people in Indonesia
E)an artifact found at the African Burial Ground National Monument

Question 27

Which of the following is not an accurate description of the ways that the Qur'an is used by a nongovernmental women's group in Kazakhstan?

A)It is used to support domestic violence as a way of disciplining women.
B)It is used as a basis for counseling and mediation in cases of domestic violence.
C)It used as a way to empower women to have some autonomous aspects of their lives.
D)It is used to define and stabilize gender roles in the society.
E)It is used to help women focus on a commitment to their families.

Question 28

Paul Farmer argues that because of the importance of anthropology in our everyday lives,it should be seen as a:

A)"reformer's science."
B)tool for intervention.
C)university discipline.
D)political tool.
E)religious institution.

Question 29

What is a "favela?"

A)the sex trade in Brazil
B)a shantytown in Brazil
C)a factory worker in China
D)garbage dumps in Hong Kong
E)a child sex worker in New York

Question 30

Public anthropology can best be defined as the study of local peoples and local voices.

Question 31

Race in anthropology is defined as the sorting of people based on physical differences.

Question 32

What are the primary ethical issues that anthropology has with a "cultural defense?"

A)There is concern that a cultural defense means that one culture is protected,while another is not.
B)There is a concern that abusive behavior will be excused by the use of such a defense.
C)There is concern that these cultural behaviors that are criminal in nature will become widespread in U.S.society.
D)There is an ethical concern that lawyers will begin making money off of cultural matters.
E)There is a concern that culture may become contested in court.

Question 33

Medical anthropology is concerned with the study of aging.

Question 34

Mary Kenny found that all of the following aspects of education made it difficult for child workers in Olinda except:

A)It was expensive to go to school.
B)School required supplies and clothing that children did not have.
C)School took children away from their employment too many hours a day for them to survive.
D)Education did not always lead to better employment opportunities for the children.
E)Education did not provide the children with any kind of usable skills.

Question 35

In an attempt to address issues of widespread domestic violence in Kazakhstan,Edward Snajdr faced all of the following traditions except:

A)a very typically patriarchal culture.
B)difficulty in obtaining divorce.
C)court systems which frequently awarded children to women and not men.
D)the practice of bride price.
E)a tradition of extreme "privacy" and "family sovereignty."

Question 36

Approximately how many dagongmei are there in China?

A)50,000
B)150,000
C)1 million
D)10 million
E)70 million

Question 37

What do we call a legal argument that attempts to mitigate conviction and sentencing by invoking the influence of culture on behavior?

A)cultural defense
B)social defense
C)minority status
D)indigenous defense
E)cultural rights

Question 38

Forensic anthropologists worked to help identify victims of September 11th,2001.

Question 39

All of the following are common qualities of child sex workers that Richard Curtis found in New York City except:

A)They are mainly runaways.
B)They have minimal education.
C)They cannot find legitimate employment.
D)They are addicted to drugs or dealing drugs.
E)They have been physically abused.

Question 40

In what country do we find dagongmei?

A)Indonesia
B)Thailand
C)China
D)Burma
E)Vietnam

Question 41

This chapter included many examples of types of applied anthropology and ethnographic study that contributed to changes among a group of people.Choose one of the examples and discuss the types of contribution that occurred as a result of the anthropological perspective.

Question 42

__________ anthropology aims to communicate with nonacademic audiences,such as the public,and have an impact on critical issues of wide social significance.

Question 43

The dagongmei are female factory workers in Thailand.

Question 44

What is the importance of the African Burial Ground National Monument?

Question 45

What are dagongmei and what kinds of challenges do they face in today's global economy?

Question 46

Although children are exploited in many parts of the world,there is a universal recognition that should grow up in a family environment with a sense of stability and joy.

Question 47

What is "environmental justice?"

Question 48

Child sex workers in New York City earn only enough money to purchase essential items needed for survival.

Question 49

What is a "cultural defense"? After defining the term and discussing what it means,address the ethical issues that surround this type of defense.What are the pros and cons of recognizing such a defense?

Question 50

What are the three primary messages of the RACE Project?

Question 51

Name one benefit that anthropology can make in our contemporary world.

Question 52

In southern Africa some 75% of AIDS victims are women.

Question 53

Discuss the types of commitment that anthropology takes in the contemporary world.Consider advocacy and also other ways of being involved and contributing to our society today.

Question 54

The Western medical model does not always translate well to other cultures.

Question 55

Compare and contrast child workers in Olinda,Brazil and youth sex workers in New York City.How are they different and alike?