Deck 11: Contraception and Abortion

Question 1

Contraception became legal in Canada in

A)1969.
B)1935.
C)1956.
D)1945.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

With consistent correct use, which form of birth control is the least reliable?

A)Withdrawal
B)IUD
C)Cervical cap
D)Spermicides

Answer 2

C

Question 3

As well as thickening the cervical mucus, the minipill also

A)makes the fallopian tubes too acidic for an egg.
B)suppresses ovulation.
C)makes the inner lining of the uterus less receptive to a fertilized egg.
D)increases progesterone levels.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following women is best suited to taking the hormonal birth-control pill?

A)Peggy, who smokes cigarettes
B)Meredith, who is at risk for stroke
C)Preet, who is breastfeeding
D)Pham, who has an iron-deficiency

Question 5

Combination pills contain

A)estrogen and FSH.
B)progesterone and FSH.
C)estrogen and progesterone.
D)estrogen and prostaglandins.

Question 6

Which statement is true regarding the failure rate of the birth-control pill?

A)The pill is 100% effective for all users.
B)With typical use, the pill has a failure rate of 3%.
C)With consistent, correct use, the pill has a failure rate of 3%.
D)With typical use, the pill has a failure rate of 0.1%.

Question 7

In 2009, a national survey of Canadian women found that the most widely used form of contraception was

A)the male condom.
B)oral contraceptives.
C)chemical spermicide.
D)the withdrawal method.

Question 8

In the eighteenth century, condoms were made of

A)rubber.
B)linen.
C)animal intestines.
D)latex.

Question 9

The progestin in combination pills

A)inhibits the production of LH and increases the thickness and acidity of cervical mucus.
B)inhibits the production of FSH.
C)decreases the thickness and acidity of cervical mucus.
D)inhibits the production of both FSH and LH.

Question 10

Progestin in the combination pill

A)lowers estrogen levels.
B)increases the thickness and acidity of the cervical mucus.
C)delays ovulation.
D)increases progesterone levels.

Question 11

After stopping the use of oral contraceptives, nearly all women begin ovulating regularly within

A)three weeks.
B)three months.
C)six months.
D)one year.

Question 12

Which of the following is true with regard to the history of birth control in Canada?

A)Birth control was illegal until the nineteenth century.
B)In 1902 it became legal to provide information about birth control.
C)The movement to legalize contraception began in the 1920s.
D)The first birth-control clinic in Canada was established in 1965.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the contraceptive pill?

A)The pill should not be taken by women with a history of circulatory problems or stroke.
B)The pill helps to reduce the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
C)The pill helps to protect women against STIs.
D)Some users report increased feelings of depression and irritability.

Question 14

Canada's first public health clinic to focus on family planning was opened in

A)Ottawa, Ontario.
B)Montreal, Quebec.
C)Scarborough, Ontario.
D)Vancouver, British Columbia.

Question 15

Combination birth-control pills work by

A)preventing the production of estrogen.
B)preventing the production of progesterone and thus ovulation.
C)preventing a fertilized egg from implanting in the fallopian tubes.
D)preventing the release of FSH and LH.

Question 16

Women in Greek and Roman times attempted to prevent pregnancy by

A)using the rhythm method.
B)placing absorbent material into their vaginas.
C)ingesting herbal medicines.
D)douching.

Question 17

In a 2009 survey of Canadian women of reproductive age, approximately _____ of women reported that they had used no form of contraception within the last six months.

A)10%
B)15%
C)20%
D)25%

Question 18

Which statement is true regarding the minipill?

A)It is taken for 21 days of the menstrual cycle.
B)It is taken daily throughout the menstrual cycle.
C)It is discontinued once menstruation starts.
D)It is taken for 28 days, then discontinued for 7 days.

Question 19

Imagine that one of your friends has just started taking oral contraceptives. What side effects might she experience?

A)Weight loss
B)Facial acne
C)Hair growth
D)Headaches

Question 20

According to a national 2009 survey of Canadian women, the three most popular methods of contraception for those under the age of 40 are

A)male condom, oral contraceptives, IUD.
B)male condom, withdrawal, oral contraceptives.
C)oral contraceptives, IUD, withdrawal.
D)oral contraceptives, female condom, male condom.

Question 21

With combination pills, estrogen can increase a woman's weight by causing

A)fluid retention.
B)an increase in appetite.
C)the development of more muscle mass.
D)a slower metabolism.

Question 22

What approximate percentage of sexually active women in Canada use IUDs?

A)1%
B)5%
C)10%
D)25%

Question 23

Which of the following is not caused by progestin in the combination pill?

A)Increased muscle mass
B)Increased appetite
C)Water retention
D)Weight gain

Question 24

Research suggests that women who use the IUD have an increased risk of

A)pelvic inflammatory disease.
B)hormonal imbalances.
C)toxic shock syndrome.
D)uterine cancer.

Question 25

What is a potential problem with the use of most IUDs?

A)They can cause excessive menstrual cramping.
B)They can increase blood pressure.
C)They can fall out during athletic activities.
D)They can cause a mucous discharge.

Question 26

Physicians may prescribe the pill for conditions not related to pregnancy prevention. Which of the following conditions would the pill not be prescribed to address?

A)Menstrual difficulties
B)Facial acne
C)Iron-deficiency anemia
D)Depression

Question 27

Research has shown that the IUD prevents pregnancy

A)by irritating the uterine lining.
B)by stimulating the immune system to create antibodies against sperm.
C)by preventing implantation of a fertilized ovum.
D)through some mechanism that isn't entirely clear.

Question 28

Eva had unprotected sex and takes emergency contraception to prevent pregnancy, which may not be effective if her body weight is over ______ kg.

A)50
B)60
C)70
D)80

Question 29

Imagine that your friend has recently had unprotected sex. Although early treatment is most effective for preventing pregnancy, she may take emergency contraception for up to _______ days after having sex.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 30

In Canada, the morning-after pill

A)is currently available without a prescription.
B)is illegal.
C)is available with a prescription from a physician.
D)is kept behind the counter at pharmacies.

Question 31

Emergency contraception is most effective when taken within ____ of unprotected intercourse.

A)24 hours
B)36 hours
C)72 hours
D)12 hours

Question 32

After removal of an IUD, about 90% of women who wish to become pregnant may do so within

A)six months.
B)nine months.
C)18 months.
D)one year.

Question 33

A common side effect of emergency contraception is

A)vaginal bleeding.
B)nausea.
C)high blood pressure.
D)infertility.

Question 34

Of the following, which is not noted to be a benefit of oral contraceptive use?

A)Reduction in the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease
B)Reduction in the risk of benign ovarian cysts
C)Reduction in facial acne
D)Reduction in high blood pressure

Question 35

IUDs are approximately ___ % effective.

A)60
B)99
C)75
D)85

Question 36

The morning-after pill

A)has a lower hormone content than most birth-control pills.
B)in some cases is recommended as a regular form of birth control.
C)has a higher hormone content than most birth-control pills.
D)prevents the ovum from passing through the fallopian tube.

Question 37

Depo-Provera is

A)a contraceptive vaginal ring.
B)a contraceptive patch.
C)an injectable hormone solution.
D)an emergency contraceptive pill.

Question 38

PID can produce scar tissue that blocks the fallopian tubes, causing

A)cancer.
B)infertility.
C)infection.
D)bloating.

Question 39

What is not an advantage of IUDs?

A)They increase the occurrence of PID.
B)They are highly effective.
C)They do not diminish sexual spontaneity.
D)They are relatively maintenance free.

Question 40

Jessica had a bout of gonorrhea a few years ago, which was successfully treated. She is considering birth control. Which method should she avoid?

A)IUD
B)Diaphragm
C)Oral contraceptive
D)Spermicides

Question 41

Hendrick is considering becoming sexually active. He wants to use condoms to protect against the possibility of contracting an STI or HIV. Which type of condom should he use?

A)He should only use condoms made from the intestinal membranes of lambs.
B)He should only use condoms made of latex.
C)His partner can use the female condom.
D)All types of condoms will protect from STI and HIV.

Question 42

Which is not a form of contraception?

A)Hormonal method
B)Vaginal ring
C)Douching
D)Withdrawal

Question 43

Joni is tracking her menstrual cycle on a calendar to determine when she can have unprotected sex without becoming pregnant. What should she know about this method?

A)She can have sex on days 10-17 without conceiving.
B)Calculating "safe days" for sex can be inaccurate.
C)Most women's menstrual cycles are 35 days in length.
D)Sperm can survive for longer than 96 hours in the cervix.

Question 44

In typical use, the failure rate of the diaphragm is about

A)18%.
B)25%.
C)10%.
D)6%.

Question 45

Research has shown that spermicides containing nonoxynol-9

A)increase susceptibility to HIV infection.
B)reduce susceptibility to HIV infection.
C)provide protection against STIs.
D)increase susceptibility to chlamydia infection.

Question 46

Depo-Provera

A)is available without a prescription at the pharmacy.
B)provides up to eight years of protection.
C)contains progestin only.
D)increases bone density.

Question 47

Kendra plans to have sex and will be using a spermicidal suppository. She should insert the suppository

A)about three hours before intercourse.
B)about two hours before intercourse.
C)no more than an hour before intercourse.
D)no less than 10-15 minutes before intercourse.

Question 48

Studies show that the primary reason Canadians use condoms is

A)because they are inexpensive and readily available.
B)to prevent pregnancy.
C)to protect against STIs.
D)because many people are too embarrassed to see a physician for birth-control pills.

Question 49

On which days is intercourse avoided with the calendar method?

A)Days 1-13 of the menstrual cycle
B)Days 5-14 of the menstrual cycle
C)Days 14-21 of the menstrual cycle
D)Days 10-17 of the menstrual cycle

Question 50

The female condom is made of

A)latex.
B)polyurethane.
C)silicone.
D)lamb skin.

Question 51

How long must a diaphragm be kept in place after intercourse?

A)One hour
B)Three hours
C)Five hours
D)Six hours

Question 52

Larry is allergic to latex but wants to protect himself from acquiring a sexually transmitted infection. Which of the following is his best option?

A)Polyurethane condoms
B)Lambskin condoms
C)Post-coital douching
D)Spermicidal jelly

Question 53

Jingi consults her family doctor about the most effective contraception that is female-controlled and non-hormonal. Her doctor is most likely to recommend a

A)cervical cap.
B)diaphragm.
C)spermicide.
D)copper IUD.

Question 54

When Harvey puts on a condom, he should make sure to

A)unroll it all the way first.
B)remove air from the tip.
C)turn the condom inside out.
D)leave it rolled up half-way.

Question 55

Which method of contraception provides the best protection against STIs?

A)Female condom
B)Male condom
C)Cervical cap
D)Spermicides

Question 56

Unlike the diaphragm, the cervical cap

A)fits over the cervix.
B)must be used with spermicide.
C)must be fitted by a health care professional.
D)provides continuous protection for 48 hours, without the need for additional spermicide.

Question 57

A woman using Depo-Provera must receive an injection

A)every month.
B)every six months.
C)every three months.
D)once a year.

Question 58

Nina is concerned about the effectiveness of Depo-Provera as a contraceptive device. What should you tell Nina about the failure rate?

A)The failure rate is similar to that of the diaphragm.
B)The failure rate is only about 7%.
C)The failure rate is lower than the IUD but higher than oral contraceptives.
D)The failure rate is similar to oral contraceptives.

Question 59

The diaphragm's main function is to

A)prevent sperm from reaching the uterus.
B)alter the acidity in the vagina.
C)thicken the cervical mucus.
D)prevent implantation of a fertilized egg.

Question 60

In contrast to the diaphragm, the cervical cap

A)is larger and does not require the use of a spermicide.
B)is smaller and can provide protection for up to 48 hours.
C)is less likely to dislodge during intercourse.
D)has a much lower typical use failure rate.

Question 61

Which of the following statements regarding the vasectomy is false?

A)Sperm is no longer produced by the testes.
B)Sex drive is not diminished.
C)Volume of ejaculate is not noticeably reduced.
D)Erectile function is not affected.

Question 62

Studies show that men who had vasectomies can reverse them with a success rate of

A)10%.
B)10-16%.
C)16-79%.
D)80%.

Question 63

Which of the following is not an acceptable form of female sterilization?

A)Minilaparotomy
B)Tubal ligation
C)Culpotomy
D)Hysterectomy

Question 64

In the menstrual cycle, basal body temperature

A)rises just prior to ovulation and then falls three days after ovulation.
B)dips slightly just before ovulation and remains slightly lower until menstruation.
C)dips slightly just before ovulation and then rises and remains elevated until menstruation.
D)rises just before ovulation, remains elevated through ovulation, and then drops slightly until menstruation.

Question 65

Jacob plans to use the withdrawal method when he has sex with his girlfriend. What should he know about the efficacy of this method?

A)Sperm may be in his penile excretions before he ejaculates.
B)The timing of withdrawal is reliable and easy to control.
C)Women prefer to use this method over any other method.
D)The "typical use" failure rate is lower than any rhythm method.

Question 66

Deirdre has elected to undergo tubal ligation. She should know that after the surgery

A)she will not menstruate ever again.
B)her sex drive will gradually decrease.
C)she will ovulate about once a month.
D)sexual responsiveness will decline.

Question 67

Which statement is true regarding the history of abortion?

A)The Bible specifically prohibits abortion.
B)In Canada, the abortion law restricts abortion under certain conditions.
C)In Canada, abortion was legalized in 1960.
D)Abortion was illegal in Canada until 1969.

Question 68

Sterilization is more common among men and women who are

A)single.
B)married.
C)40 and over.
D)childless.

Question 69

Donna has recently undergone a procedure that involved a small abdominal incision to allow access to the fallopian tubes, which were then cut and tied back. What procedure has Donna undergone?

A)Minilaparotomy
B)Laparoscopy
C)Vasovasotomy
D)Culpotomy

Question 70

After ovulation, cervical mucus becomes

A)cloudy and tacky.
B)thick and white.
C)thick and yellow.
D)slippery and white.

Question 71

According to the cervical mucus (ovulation) method of birth control, women are most fertile

A)when mucus is slippery and stringy.
B)when mucus is thick and sticky.
C)when there is no mucus present.
D)when mucus is white and cloudy.

Question 72

Which of the following statements regarding female sterilization is false?

A)Unfertilized eggs are reabsorbed by the body.
B)Sexual response is not diminished.
C)Menstrual cycle is not affected.
D)Eggs are no longer produced.

Question 73

With regard to abortion statistics in Canada, which of the following is true?

A)The majority of abortions are performed in clinics.
B)The majority of abortions are performed in hospitals.
C)All abortions must be reported to provincial or territorial ministries of health.
D)Comprehensive abortion statistics are available annually.

Question 74

Imagine you are a doctor with a patient who is considering a vasectomy. What would you tell him is a disadvantage of male sterilization?

A)It is associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer.
B)It does not diminish the risk of sexually transmitted infections.
C)Post-surgical side effects include diminished sexual desire.
D)The procedure is completely permanent and irreversible.

Question 75

Besides abstinence, which is the most effective form of contraception?

A)Condoms
B)Sterilization
C)Withdrawal
D)Diaphragms

Question 76

In a vasectomy,

A)each vas deferens is severed.
B)each epididymis is severed.
C)the seminiferous tubules are tied shut.
D)the seminal vesicles are tied shut.

Question 77

Eunice has elected to undergo female sterilization, which will involve accessing the fallopian tubes through an incision in the back wall of the vagina. This procedure is called a

A)minilaparotomy.
B)laparoscopy.
C)vasovasotomy.
D)culpotomy.

Question 78

The ovulation-prediction method of contraception

A)is the same as the withdrawal method.
B)tracks LH levels.
C)is very ineffective.
D)relies on awareness of bodily changes during a woman's cycle.

Question 79

Most women who follow the calendar method need to abstain from coitus for at least

A)Five days.
B)10 days.
C)Seven days.
D)13 days.

Question 80

Female sterilization involves

A)the removal of the uterus and ovaries.
B)the removal of the fallopian tubes.
C)cutting and tying the fallopian tubes.
D)cutting the fallopian tubes and removing the uterus.