Deck 16: Sexual Variations

Question 1

Brian becomes sexually aroused when he is wearing women's clothing. In order for his behaviour to meet the DSM-5 criteria for paraphilic disorder, he must

A)be unable to reach orgasm unless he is wearing women's clothing.
B)experience significant personal distress stemming from this practice.
C)need to wear women's clothing during most of his sexual behaviours.
D)resort to wearing women's clothing during times of stress.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements about transvestism is true?

A)Transvestite men are often otherwise stereotypically masculine.
B)Transvestites generally wish to become the opposite sex.
C)Transvestism is equally common among men and women.
D)Transvestism is strongly correlated with sexual orientation.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Herman experiences intense sexual excitement when he gropes the breasts of unsuspecting women on the subway. This behaviour would be considered a paraphilic disorder because of the issue of

A)consent.
B)distress.
C)morality.
D)legality.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Enrico dresses up in a frilly gown and wears a long blonde wig at the annual motorcycle show to raise money for the local children's hospital. Enrico's behaviour

A)is typical of most transvestites.
B)does not indicate that he has a paraphilia.
C)indicates a fetish for women's clothing.
D)is typical of exhibitionists.

Question 5

Exhibitionistic behaviour usually begins

A)after age 40.
B)between the ages of 20 and 30.
C)between the ages of 16 and 20.
D)between the ages of 13 and 16.

Question 6

Persistent urges to expose one's genitals to unsuspecting people for sexual arousal is typical of

A)voyeurism.
B)scatologia.
C)exhibitionism.
D)hypoxyphilia.

Question 7

A person with a paraphilia typically

A)has difficulty sleeping during periods of episodic sexual behaviours.
B)engages in aberrant sexual behaviours during periods of low anxiety.
C)replays the paraphilic act in sexual fantasies to stimulate arousal during masturbation.
D)suppresses memories of his/her paraphilic behaviour.

Question 8

From a statistical perspective, a behaviour is abnormal if it

A)deviates from the norm.
B)is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
C)correlates with pathological outcomes.
D)causes harm to the self or others.

Question 9

People with paraphilias usually feel that their urges are

A)parsimonious.
B)normal.
C)random.
D)uncontrollable.

Question 10

Partialism is a fetish in which an individual becomes excessively aroused by particular

A)sexual acts.
B)racial characteristics.
C)non-human species.
D)body parts.

Question 11

The typical exhibitionist is

A)older, single, and sexually immature.
B)older, happily married, and sexually over-expressive.
C)young, shy, and sexually repressed.
D)young, single, but with social skills.

Question 12

Sammy is aroused by images of women's bare feet. He obtains images of women's feet from the Internet to use as masturbatory aids. This is an example of

A)partialism.
B)fetishism.
C)voyeurism.
D)frotteurism.

Question 13

The American Psychiatric Association defines a paraphilic disorder as

A)a persistent inability to respond to normal sexual stimuli.
B)an atypical pattern of sexual arousal/behaviour that is considered problematic by the individual or society.
C)a repeated pattern of illegal sexual behaviour.
D)a repeated pattern of sexual behaviour that the person engaging in it knows is immoral.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about exhibitionism is false?

A)Exhibitionists are often thought to be sexually repressed.
B)Exhibitionism is more common among men than women.
C)The frequency of exhibitionism increases after age 40.
D)Among exhibitionists, the urge to "flash" usually begins in early adolescence.

Question 15

Based on the information provided, which of the following individuals is most likely to be diagnosed with a paraphilia?

A)John, who can only become sexually aroused if he is watching other people (who don't know he is watching)having sex.
B)Damon, who was arrested for distributing child pornography and sometimes watches videotapes of young children engaged in sexual acts because he thinks it's funny.
C)Traci, who frequently fantasizes about spanking her partner.
D)Julio, who sometimes likes to wear his partner's panties and bra when they have sex.

Question 16

Atypical sexual behaviours are

A)harmful by definition.
B)harmless by definition.
C)statistically normal.
D)statistically unusual.

Question 17

Lenny is sexually aroused by wearing women's underwear. What type of paraphilia does he have?

A)Pedophilia
B)Fetishism
C)Partialism
D)Transvestism

Question 18

Exhibitionists typically have

A)a developmental disability.
B)difficulty relating to women.
C)an extroverted personality type.
D)little difficulty establishing meaningful relationships.

Question 19

Heather becomes especially aroused when her partner wears a cowboy hat during sex. This is an example of

A)transvestism.
B)fetishism.
C)partialism.
D)exhibitionism.

Question 20

In which disorder does an individual become sexually aroused by certain areas of the body?

A)Voyeurism
B)Exhibitionism
C)Frotteurism
D)Partialism

Question 21

Hank fantasizes that he is being strangled by a lover while he masturbates with a plastic bag over his head. This is an example of

A)auto-erotic asphyxia.
B)sexual sadism.
C)plastic fetishism.
D)self-frotteurism.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about sado-mascochism (S&M) is false?

A)Sexual sadists and masochists often form relationships.
B)S&M is a variation of B&D.
C)S&M becomes pathological when it is nonconsenting and harmful.
D)Occasional S&M is common among the general population.

Question 23

In a Canadian study of university students, what percentages of females and males, respectively, reported that they would watch a couple having sex if there was no chance they would be caught?

A)10%; 60%
B)40%; 70%
C)50%; 90%
D)5%; 40%

Question 24

Which of the following statements about masochism is false?

A)The eroticization of mild forms of pain falls within the normal range of sexual variation.
B)A sexual masochist is also likely to enjoy other forms of pain not associated with sex.
C)Masochism is the most common paraphilia among women.
D)Auto-erotic asphyxia is a form of masochism.

Question 25

People who become sexually aroused by inflicting pain or humiliation on others are known as

A)frotteurists.
B)sadists.
C)masochists.
D)exhibitionists.

Question 26

Julie is sitting on a park bench when a man approaches her and exposes his penis. What should Julie do?

A)Express shock and disgust.
B)Scream and run away.
C)Show no reaction at all.
D)Point and laugh at the man.

Question 27

Which of the following statements about sado-masochism is false?

A)It is the submissive partner who uses a safe word when his or her limit has been exceeded.
B)There is no evidence that sado-masochists have greater difficulty than other people in forming intimate relationships.
C)For some sado-masochists arousal is derived from the ritual of control rather than the infliction of physical pain.
D)Research indicates that most sado-masochists have diverse forms of mental illness.

Question 28

A man secretly videotapes women who use the washroom in his office building. Although the women are never naked, he later uses the recordings as masturbation aids. This behaviour is

A)unethical, but technically legal.
B)a crime in Canada since 2005.
C)not strictly a paraphilia.
D)unlikely to cause anyone harm.

Question 29

When Lily answers her phone, there is a man on the line who is uttering obscenities. Lily's best response is to

A)demand the caller's full name.
B)cry until the man hangs up.
C)recommend professional help.
D)attempt to outdo his obscenities.

Question 30

People who become sexually aroused through the experience of pain or humiliation are sexual

A)sadists.
B)toucherists.
C)masochists.
D)frotteurists.

Question 31

Bobby likes to masturbate while peeking at a woman through a window while she undresses. This type of behaviour is called

A)frotteurism.
B)exhibitionism.
C)voyeurism.
D)fetishism.

Question 32

Which statement is true about voyeurs?

A)They typically do not attempt to have sex with the people they watch.
B)They are typically psychologically introverted.
C)They are usually also exhibitionists.
D)They tend to be equally aroused by pornography.

Question 33

Who is "sadism" named after?

A)A character in an Edgar Alan Poe novel
B)French aristocrat Francois de Sadis
C)French author Marquis de Sade
D)Caligula, the Roman emperor who was known to become sexually aroused when punishing slaves

Question 34

People engaging in chat scatologia are sexually aroused by

A)sending obscene emails and instant messages.
B)talking about feces.
C)having their sex partners "talk dirty."
D)manipulating and deceiving people in order to persuade them to have sex.

Question 35

Mark bought an apartment on the twelfth floor across from a busy hotel in order to catch couples undressing and having intercourse. Mark's behaviour is characteristic of

A)fetishism.
B)voyeurism.
C)exhibitionism.
D)scatologia.

Question 36

Which of the following individuals would fit the definition of a voyeur?

A)Anita, who regularly masturbates while watching porn on the Internet, even though there is a high probability that her partner will walk in and see what she is doing.
B)Ho, who asks his partner to masturbate on the bed while he hides in the closet and peeks at her.
C)Mika, who enjoys going to strip clubs several times a month, either alone or with her male friends.
D)Tom, who masturbates while scanning the condominium across the street with binoculars so he can watch people having sex.

Question 37

The only paraphilia that is found with some degree of frequency in females is

A)necrophilia.
B)masochism.
C)exhibitionism.
D)fetishism.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about obscene phone callers is false?

A)The typical obscene phone caller is a heterosexual male.
B)Obscene phone callers usually target a woman they have seen but not met.
C)Obscene phone callers are often hoping that their victim will express shock.
D)Women who make obscene phone calls are more likely to be motivated by rage than by sexual arousal.

Question 39

Bradley uses neckties to build an elaborate contraption. While he masturbates, he leans into a harness that puts pressure on the vessels in his neck. As he approaches orgasm, he increases the pressure to cut off oxygen to the brain. Bradley's activity is typical of

A)hypoxyphilia.
B)frotteurism.
C)necrophilia.
D)coprophilia.

Question 40

What is the practice of being restrained in masochistic behaviour called?

A)Flogging
B)Bondage
C)Crowning
D)Shacking

Question 41

Which of the following paraphilias involves the urge to have sex with dead bodies?

A)Homicidal sadism
B)Necrophilia
C)Corpsophilia
D)Coprophilia

Question 42

Toucherism is a form of

A)exhibitionism.
B)frotteurism.
C)voyeurism.
D)fetishism.

Question 43

Which is not a technique used in cognitive-behavioural therapy for paraphilia?

A)Stimulus substitution
B)Covert sensitization
C)Aversion therapy
D)Desensitization

Question 44

Which of the following statements about the treatment of paraphilic sex offenders is false?

A)Many sex offenders do not want treatment if they have a paraphilia.
B)Unless the offender is motivated to change, treatment is unlikely to be successful.
C)Paraphilic sex offenders typically claim that they are able, if necessary, to control their paraphilic behaviour.
D)Many sex offenders only receive treatment because they have been referred by the court system.

Question 45

Pairing undesirable sexual behaviour with negative stimuli, such as mild electric shocks, is a treatment technique called

A)systematic desensitization.
B)orgasmic reconditioning.
C)stimulus substitution.
D)aversion therapy.

Question 46

Classical psychoanalytic theory suggests that many cases of paraphilia are psychological defenses against

A)pre-pubertal incest.
B)intense feelings of inferiority that transfer to psychosexuality.
C)unresolved castration anxiety.
D)the id overwhelming the superego during sexual fantasy.

Question 47

William needs anal stimulation through enemas to achieve sexual arousal and gratification. William's paraphilia is called

A)coprophilia.
B)klismaphilia.
C)frotteurism.
D)urophilia.

Question 48

A recent study used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate electrical responses in the brain among paraphilics and control subjects. It was found that paraphilic men showed a significantly greater response in the ________ part of the brain.

A)left frontal
B)right frontal
C)right mid-brain
D)left mid-brain

Question 49

As a boy, Jonathan would hide in his mother's closet and masturbate. As he continued this practice through the early years of puberty he began to eroticize his mother's shoes which were in the closet. Over time, Jonathan developed a shoe fetish. Given the information available, which theory offers the best explanation for Jonathan's fetish?

A)Psychoanalytic
B)Sociological
C)Cognitive-behavioural
D)Psycho-biological

Question 50

Which is a variation of aversion therapy in which paraphilic fantasies are paired with an aversive stimulus in a client's imagination?

A)Covert sensitization
B)Desensitization
C)Counter arousal technique
D)Contrary modelling

Question 51

Martin Weinberg suggests that the sado-masochistic lifestyle might reflect

A)an attempt to reverse the power relationships that exist within society.
B)an association learned in childhood between sexual arousal and punishment.
C)an inability of the participants to conceptualize sexual behaviour as a way of giving and receiving affection.
D)predisposing factors such as difficulty forming intimate relationships.

Question 52

If a boy repeatedly observes exhibitionistic behaviour, he might be led to eroticize the act of exposing himself. This would be an example of the ________ as an explanation of how a paraphilia develops.

A)psychoanalytic perspective
B)cognitive-behavioural perspective
C)sociological perspective
D)integrated perspective

Question 53

If urine becomes eroticized during childhood, a person might develop a paraphilia called

A)klismaphilia.
B)urophilia.
C)scatophilia.
D)urinary scatologia.

Question 54

Thomas is undergoing treatment for his shoe fetish. During his treatment, he views images of women's shoes while hearing an irritating, high-pitched audio tone. What type of treatment is Thomas participating in?

A)Covert sensitization
B)Systematic desensitization
C)Counter arousal technique
D)Aversion therapy

Question 55

Bruce is sexually aroused by brushing his hand against the buttocks of women on crowded buses. This is an example of

A)sexual sadism.
B)voyeurism.
C)frotteurism.
D)exhibitionism.

Question 56

In the Kinsey studies, how prevalent was zoophilia?

A)About 20% of both men and women reported having had sexual contact with animals.
B)About 20% of males but only 1% of females reported having had sexual contact with animals.
C)About 8% of men and 3-4% of women reported having had sexual contact with an animal.
D)Only 1-2% of men and women reported having had some sexual contact with an animal.

Question 57

Frotteurism involves urges to

A)have sex with prostitutes.
B)rub against or touch a nonconsenting person.
C)augment sexual arousal by cutting off oxygen supplies to the brain.
D)use enemas to heighten arousal.

Question 58

A behaviour therapy that attempts to break the link between the sexual stimulus and sexual arousal is called

A)aversion therapy.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)covert sensitization.
D)modelling.

Question 59

In the Kinsey studies, what percentage of adolescent farm boys had achieved orgasm through sexual contact with farm animals?

A)5%
B)8%
C)11%
D)17%

Question 60

John Money theorized that every individual has a mental template of an ideal lover and the types of stimuli that are sexually arousing. Formed in childhood, this template is called a

A)sexual script.
B)sexual schema.
C)lovemap.
D)lustmap.

Question 61

Jenny is consumed by fantasies of sex with strangers. She spends most of her day having sexual fantasies, causing her to miss work. She has not been able to stop this behaviour, even though she is distressed by it. This scenario matches the description of

A)hypersexuality.
B)frotteurism.
C)urophilia.
D)hypoxyphilia.

Question 62

Which of the following is not a term utilized in the textbook to describe a psychological disorder in which a person is unable to control an excessively frequent sexual behaviour?

A)Sexual addiction
B)Hypersexuality
C)Compulsive sexual behaviour
D)Hyperphilia

Question 63

Cross-dressing to achieve sexual arousal is generally a harmless and victimless paraphilia.

Question 64

Anthony experiences intense sexual urges concerning underage children. In an attempt to prevent himself from committing a sexual offence, he initiates treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate. This treatment will

A)suppress his sexual desire.
B)prevent sexual offenses.
C)eliminate his sexual urges.
D)permanently stop his behaviour.

Question 65

In some men, the intensity of their sex drive and the urge to act on their paraphilic impulses can be lowered through the use of

A)hydroxyalpha inhibitor.
B)protease inhibitors.
C)androgen supplementation.
D)medroxyprogesterone actate.

Question 66

Amil is in treatment for partialism, which focuses on women's feet. In his treatment, he imagines licking and caressing a woman's foot, only to discover a fungal infection on a toenail. This type of therapy is

A)covert sensitization.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)counter arousal technique.
D)aversion therapy.

Question 67

The use of SSRIs to treat paraphilias is based on the assumption that paraphilias might be a

A)type of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)form of depression.
C)variant of post-traumatic stress disorder.
D)mood dysfunction.

Question 68

Rudy feels compelled to have anonymous sex with other men. He often seeks out strangers when he is anxious, but feels only somewhat gratified afterwards. His attempts to stop this behaviour have failed, causing further anxiety. This is an example of

A)sexual addiction.
B)hypo-partialism.
C)sexual compulsion.
D)hypersexuality.

Question 69

The value of using MPA to treat paraphilia has been questioned because it

A)does not deal with the underlying causes.
B)has debilitating side effects.
C)has a high refusal and dropout rate.
D)is not conducive to evaluation through clinical trials.

Question 70

A man with a partialism paraphilic disorder will be abnormally sexually interested in particular objects, like women's stockings.

Question 71

A man who makes sexually obscene phone calls to strangers is breaking the law.

Question 72

Which is not true about social skills training?

A)It focuses on helping the individual improve his or her ability to relate to others.
B)The client may role-play desired behaviours.
C)Attention is focused on encouraging the client to express deeper emotions.
D)The therapist might first model a desired behaviour.

Question 73

Sue's sexual interest in leather gloves needs to cause her significant personal distress or pose harm to others in order to fit the criteria for paraphilic disorder.

Question 74

Nic is being treated for his paraphilia by first imagining the paraphilic object to become sexually aroused. Next, just before orgasm, he is instructed to switch from the paraphilic imagery to culturally appropriate imagery. The technique being used is called

A)social skills training.
B)aversion therapy.
C)orgasmic reconditioning.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 75

In North American culture, sexual practices such as oral sex were once considered deviant or abnormal.

Question 76

John Bradford, an Ottawa psychiatrist, has suggested a six-level schema for treatment of paraphilia based on the severity of the deviation. The best description of the treatment would be

A)a combination of cognitive-behavioural treatment and medication.
B)insight-oriented therapy followed by successively advanced social skills training.
C)step-wise behaviour therapy.
D)a combination of psychoanalysis and SSRI.

Question 77

Grubin reported that SSRIs may be helpful in the treatment of which paraphilias?

A)Sadism, frotteurism, transvestism
B)Exhibitionism, voyeurism, fetishism
C)Frotteurism, telephone scatologia, exhibitionism
D)Toucherism, telephone scatolgia, transvestism

Question 78

Unlike other paraphilias, exhibitionism is more common among women than men.

Question 79

Mark has been exposing his penis to unsuspecting women on the street. Which of the following medical treatments is recommended for his paraphilia?

A)Antipsychotics
B)Sedatives
C)Antidepressants
D)Oxytocin

Question 80

Describe the less common paraphilias and what the potential causes such disorders are thought to arise from.