Deck 1: What Is Human Sexuality

Question 1

For many researchers today, the term ________ refers to anatomic or biological categories, whereas ________ refers to social or cultural categories.

A)sex; values
B)sex; gender
C)gender; sex
D)gender; values

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following are parts of human sexuality?

A)Ways of expressing ourselves as sexual beings
B)Our awareness of ourselves as females or males
C)Our capacity for erotic experiences
D)All of the above are a part of human sexuality

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A society that embraces a wide range of sexual attitudes and values is called

A)liberal.
B)sexually repressive.
C)sexually permissive.
D)pluralistic.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In regards to making sexual decisions, the scientists who study human sexuality are likely to

A)advocate certain values that people should use in sexual decision making.
B)provide people with scientific information that can be used in sexual decision making.
C)try to change how people make decisions about sexual behaviors.
D)have an unrealistic or limited view of the sexual decisions people commonly face in their lives.

Question 5

Many religious followers accept sexual moral codes set by their religion because they

A)can logically derive them from societal needs.
B)have faith and commitment.
C)can rationally obtain them from societal needs.
D)can make personal interpretations.

Question 6

Which of the following could serve as a basis for a legalistic approach to ethical behavior?

A)Legal documents
B)The creed of a religion
C)Policies and mandates
D)The love for others

Question 7

A society with pluralistic sexual attitudes and values has a(n)

A)liberal view of sexual attitudes and values.
B)conservative view of sexual attitudes and values.
C)wide range of sexual attitudes and values.
D)outdated view of sexual attitudes and values.

Question 8

The behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits that are typically associated with one sex are called

A)gender.
B)sexual behavior.
C)gender roles.
D)human sexuality.

Question 9

In situational ethics, ethical decision-making is guided by

A)rigid moral rules.
B)the creed of a religion.
C)intellect and reasoning.
D)the genuine love for others.

Question 10

Sex education classes in most secondary schools in the United States do not cover the topic of

A)sexual techniques.
B)contraception.
C)sexually transmitted infections.
D)anatomy.

Question 11

Growing up in East L.A., Jose learned when to hide or show his feelings, how his actions must honor his family, how to court women, and how to "be tough" by holding his alcohol. Jose has learned

A)valuable lessons for life.
B)his culture's definition of gender.
C)sexist beliefs.
D)his culture's gender roles for men.

Question 12

Considering the value systems used to make sexual decisions, a person using situational ethics differs from one using ethical relativism in what main way?

A)There is no difference between situational ethics and ethical relativism.
B)People who adhere to ethical relativism would argue that genuine love cannot be the basis on which to make moral decisions.
C)A person using situational ethics would argue that some moral decisions can be better than others.
D)Situational ethics focuses on the situations in which decisions are made, while ethical relativism focuses on differences between cultures.

Question 13

The authors of your text define human sexuality as

A)our awareness of ourselves and others as female or male.
B)our capacity for procreation.
C)the way we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings.
D)the way we engage in sexual intercourse or sexual fantasy throughout our lives.

Question 14

Jamal believes that men and women choose different jobs because they have learned to think it is more acceptable for men in their culture to have certain jobs and for women to have others. Based on the vocabulary from your text, Jamal believes the differences between men and women are

A)a sex difference.
B)a sex role difference.
C)a gender difference.
D)a sexual behavior difference.

Question 15

Statements about what is right or wrong, or desirable versus undesirable, are expressions of a person's

A)knowledge on a topic.
B)beliefs.
C)political views.
D)values.

Question 16

Telling an outright lie, according to situational ethics, might be the moral thing to do if

A)you can personally benefit from it.
B)no one could possibly find out you lied.
C)you do so out of love and concern for another.
D)you view the situation from another religion's point of view.

Question 17

Comparing the sexual beliefs and customs of the inhabitants on the two different small islands of Inis Beag and Mangaia best demonstrates which of the following?

A)Sexual attitudes and customs can differ considerably between cultures.
B)Island cultures have remarkably similar sexual attitudes throughout the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
C)Cultures from small geographic locations typically have restrictive sexual attitudes and customs.
D)People who consume large amounts of fish typically have more permissive sexual attitudes and customs.

Question 18

In ethical relativism, it is assumed that

A)there is no single, correct moral value.
B)human existence centers on a few central moral values.
C)one can justify a set of moral values over another.
D)premarital sex is unacceptable under any circumstance.

Question 19

A person who ascribes to cultural relativism would argue that different cultures

A)would benefit from incorporating traditions from other cultures.
B)may have equally valid different traditions based on their cultural beliefs.
C)may have conflicting beliefs, but only one culture's beliefs can be correct.
D)may be closer to holding superior value systems.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes current values in the United States of America?

A)Given the diversity of American society, no single value system defines all of America.
B)American values are primarily part of a hedonistic value system.
C)Americans have embraced rationalism as a value system.
D)Most Americans show a strong sense of ethical relativism in discussing sexual values.

Question 21

Someone who does not believe in ethical realism might argue that

A)what is right or wrong is never an absolute.
B)not having absolute standards could lead to social chaos.
C)moral values should always be a personal decision.
D)religion provides no guidelines for moral behavior.

Question 22

Which of the following value systems is based on self-denial of material and sexual desires?

A)Utilitarianism
B)Hedonism
C)Legalism
D)Asceticism

Question 23

According to the authors of your text, the available evidence about prehistoric sexuality is best summarized by which of the following?

A)Prehistoric males dominated females in all aspects of their culture, as shown by male symbols of power in ancient art.
B)There was a division of labor between men and women, and early art symbolized female (and later, male)contributions to fertility.
C)Although ancient men and women frequently engaged in sexual behavior, they did not understand its link to childbearing.
D)Ancient people experienced frequent deaths, short-term pairings of men and women, and rarely had children that survived.

Question 24

Which of the following groups is most likely to believe that reasoning can lead to ethical behavior?

A)Hedonist and legalist
B)Situational ethicist and ethical relativist
C)Legalist and rationalist
D)Rationalist and utilitarian

Question 25

Phallic worship may have come into being as

A)women's roles became more subservient.
B)people grew aware of the male role in reproduction.
C)religious ceremonies gained precedence.
D)men hunted wild animals.

Question 26

In general, if a person wanted to buy a book about sex, which of the following would most likely include reliable and accurate information?

A)A book that guarantees an orgasm within 5 minutes
B)A book that is strictly morally based in one particular religion
C)A book whose author is affiliated with a college or university
D)A book by Dr. Phil Bigbagowind

Question 27

Which of the following best reflects the beliefs of a utilitarian?

A)An unhappy marriage should be prolonged to better serve his or her spouse.
B)An unhappy marriage should be prolonged to better serve his or her three children.
C)An unhappy marriage should not be prolonged because of personal consequences.
D)An unhappy marriage should not be ended because of religious traditions.

Question 28

The National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (2010) noted all of the following, EXCEPT

A)American adults engage in a wide variety of sexual behaviors.
B)more Americans have engaged in same gender sex than identify with being gay or lesbian.
C)the percentage of American adolescents who engage in vaginal intercourse is far more than those who engage in oral sex.
D)sexual behavior in older Americans is not at all unusual.

Question 29

The worship of women's ability to bear children was commonly found in which of the following?

A)Ancient Egyptian religious ceremonies
B)Ancient Greek readings
C)Ancient Rome poetry
D)Ancient Stone Age art

Question 30

Surfing the Web, you come across a website for Dr. Anderson's Breast Cream. The website claims that daily use of her breast enhancement cream can increase breast size in as little as two weeks. In small print at the bottom, her website lists three links to different studies that investigated the effectiveness of her cream. Which detail would likely lead a critical thinker to be very skeptical about this website?

A)The maker of the product is a medical doctor.
B)There are three studies listed as references for the effectiveness of the cream in increasing breast size.
C)The website offers a quick fix for breast enhancement.
D)The information is on the Internet.

Question 31

Utilitarianism is based on the ethical thought:

A)"the greatest good for the greatest number."
B)"if it feels good, do it."
C)"ignore any principal if you can effect more good."
D)"any sexual desire is bad."

Question 32

Hedonism is a value system in which a person is guided by

A)cultural traditions.
B)the pursuit of pleasure.
C)religious principals.
D)helping others.

Question 33

Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to use religion and religious principles to determine ethical behavior?

A)Legalism
B)Utilitarianism
C)Asceticism
D)Hedonism

Question 34

Using the principle of skepticism involves

A)generalizing from the simple to the complex.
B)finding reasons that justify your beliefs.
C)taking nothing for granted.
D)trusting authority figures.

Question 35

Phallic symbols were commonly found in the following, EXCEPT

A)ancient Egyptian religious ceremonies.
B)ancient Greek jewelry.
C)ancient Rome parades.
D)ancient Stone Age art.

Question 36

All of the following are elements of critical thinking, EXCEPT

A)analyzing definitions of terms.
B)finding reasons to support your beliefs.
C)relying on feelings and intuition.
D)skepticism.

Question 37

Phallic worship signified the penis as a symbol of

A)generative power.
B)fertility.
C)ability to fertilize women.
D)ability to perpetuate the species.

Question 38

The biggest problem with sex surveys in popular magazines such as Cosmopolitan is the research issue of

A)operational definitions.
B)adequate sampling.
C)the way questions are worded.
D)lack of measures of central tendency.

Question 39

Which of the following best reflects the beliefs of someone using a legalist value system?

A)An unhappy marriage should be prolonged to better serve his or her spouse.
B)An unhappy marriage should be prolonged to better serve his or her three children.
C)An unhappy marriage should not be prolonged because of personal consequences.
D)An unhappy marriage should not be ended because of religious traditions.

Question 40

After hearing the statement, "watching violence in movies leads people to be violent in their relationships," a critical thinker about human sexuality will

A)be cautious in accepting this conclusion, evaluate the evidence, and look for alternative explanations.
B)accept this statement as True if it is stated by someone with authority in society.
C)only accept this statement if a Web search on the topic produces a large number of sites stating the same conclusion.
D)All of the above are correct

Question 41

Which of the following is True regarding Islamic culture?

A)Both men and women must be monogamous.
B)The family is considered the backbone of society.
C)Premarital intercourse is acceptable.
D)Celibacy is encouraged.

Question 42

Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad decreed that marriage represented the road to

A)ruin.
B)original sin.
C)virtue.
D)happy sadism.

Question 43

In ancient Greece, male-male sexual behavior was tolerated as long as it did not

A)threaten the institution of the family.
B)involve an adult and an adolescent.
C)exist in the public sphere.
D)interfere with duties to the state.

Question 44

It is believed that the first human taboo involved

A)male-male sexual behavior.
B)female-female sexual behavior.
C)incestuous sexual behavior.
D)premarital sexual behavior.

Question 45

Which of the following was a teaching of early Christians that demonstrates their association of sex with sin?

A)Divorce was legal only in the case of adultery.
B)Prostitution was only acceptable for unmarried men or widowers.
C)Christian men could only take up to four wives, but only until one wife was able to bear a child.
D)Celibacy was the ideal, but marriage was acceptable.

Question 46

Derived from ancient Greek, the word pederasty means

A)sexual variety.
B)love of boys.
C)institution of the family.
D)male-male sexual behavior.

Question 47

During the early Christian era, divorce

A)could be initiated by a man, but not by a woman.
B)was not encouraged but was acceptable if the woman was barren.
C)was completely outlawed.
D)was granted if church officials approved the dissolution.

Question 48

Which of the following ideas most influenced early Christian views of sexuality?

A)Jesus' idea that love and tolerance are paramount in human relations
B)Augustine's idea that sexual lust began with the original sin of Adam and Eve
C)Paul's idea that it was "better to marry than to burn"
D)Moses' idea that sex is reserved for procreation alone

Question 49

Which of the following best describes the ancient Hebrew attitude toward sex?

A)Sexual desire was part of man's sinful nature, and sex should only occur in marriages when trying to procreate.
B)Sex between men was seen as a normal and acceptable form of relationship.
C)Sex outside of marriage was tolerated for both women and men.
D)Sex should be a fulfilling part of a marriage, but procreation was also valued.

Question 50

Which culture is often characterized by the sexual excesses of the rulers and the upper class?

A)Early Islam
B)Ancient Greece
C)Ancient Hebrews
D)Ancient Rome

Question 51

In ancient Greek times, prostitution flourished

A)only among the royal families.
B)only among the average-middle class.
C)only among the lower class.
D)at every level of society.

Question 52

According to St. Augustine, men and women could attain a state of grace only through

A)celibacy.
B)remaining faithful to one another.
C)bearing children.
D)avoidance of passion.

Question 53

In early Greek culture, gods and goddesses were seen as

A)gatekeepers of sexual mortality.
B)sexually deviant.
C)greedy seekers of sexual variety.
D)asexual beings.

Question 54

If you were in ancient Rome, which would be True regarding male-male sexual behavior?

A)The behavior would be acceptable if both men were adults.
B)The behavior would be viewed as a threat to the Roman family.
C)The behavior would be acceptable if partners were members of the lower class.
D)The behavior would be viewed as a threat to masculinity.

Question 55

In "Western" cultures, incestuous sexual behavior was generally only permitted among the

A)royal families.
B)farming families.
C)common families.
D)middle class families.

Question 56

Ancient Greeks believed that all people were

A)inherently good.
B)derived from the "original sin."
C)bi-sexual.
D)concubines.

Question 57

The ancient Hebrews and Greeks were alike in that they both

A)viewed women as property.
B)permitted sexual relations only within marriage.
C)condemned homosexual relations.
D)had a great admiration for the human body.

Question 58

A man in ancient Greece would likely be arrested if caught doing which of the following?

A)Having sex with a prostitute
B)Having sex with an adolescent male
C)Having sex with a prepubescent boy
D)Divorcing his wife without cause

Question 59

The majority of Islamic sects believe all of the following EXCEPT

A)premarital intercourse is disapproved.
B)women may only have one husband.
C)celibacy will attain a state of grace.
D)men may practice polygamy.

Question 60

The ancient Greeks viewed women as

A)unable to enjoy sex.
B)property.
C)inherently sinful.
D)equal partners in loving relationships.

Question 61

The era named for Queen Victoria, the Victorian Era, became synonymous with

A)sexual expression.
B)sexual repression.
C)sexual pleasure.
D)sexual exploration.

Question 62

Which cultural group believes that sexual pleasure is a spiritual experience and religious duty?

A)Hindus in India
B)Early Christians
C)Early Muslims
D)Early Chinese

Question 63

During the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther and John Calvin

A)agreed with the Roman Catholic doctrine that priests should remain celibate.
B)split from the Roman Catholic doctrine and disputed their view on sexuality.
C)retained the belief that sex in marriage was only allowed for procreation.
D)believed that sexuality led to immortality.

Question 64

The theory that the sex drive is our principal motivating force was developed by

A)Havlock Ellis.
B)Masters and Johnson.
C)Richard von Krafft-Ebing.
D)Sigmund Freud.

Question 65

The research that represents the first attempts to provide broad picture of sexual behavior in the United States was conducted by

A)Alfred Kinsey.
B)Masters and Johnson.
C)Havelock Ellis.
D)Sigmund Freud.

Question 66

In his pioneering studies of sexuality, Richard von Krafft-Ebing viewed

A)sexual desires as natural and healthy.
B)sexual deviations as mental diseases.
C)gay male or lesbian orientation as an infrequent normal variation.
D)divergent sexual behaviors as being untreatable.

Question 67

Early Taoist beliefs emphasized the harmony achieved through

A)stimulating women's yin energy through orgasm so that men could absorb more yin energy to complement their yang energy.
B)complementing the female essence of yin by absorbing the male essence of yang through oral sex.
C)stimulating the male essence of yin by delaying ejaculation during intercourse and stimulating the female essence of yang by prolonging orgasm.
D)stimulating women's yang energy by delaying female orgasm until the man's yin energy could also flow during orgasm.

Question 68

The Protestant Reformer, Martin Luther, believed that

A)priests should be allowed to marry and have children.
B)sexuality was based on primitive animalistic impulses.
C)women were forever tainted by the original sin of Eve.
D)sexuality expression of any kind should be suppressed.

Question 69

The Reverend Sylvester Graham believed that ejaculation would deplete a man of his vital energies, so men should only have intercourse about

A)once a week.
B)once a month.
C)every night.
D)every other day.

Question 70

In the 19th century, a diet including ________ was proposed as a way for men to control their sexual appetites.

A)rice cereal
B)milk products
C)graham crackers
D)chicken

Question 71

The first detailed sex manual was produced by

A)the Chinese culture.
B)the Hindus.
C)the Western Culture.
D)the Victorians.

Question 72

Alfred Kinsey's books on the sexual behavior of males and of females

A)confirmed most of Freud's theory.
B)were openly criticized as being immoral and obscene.
C)were filled with pictures of nudes and various sexual behaviors.
D)were applauded by the United States Congress for their scientific merit.

Question 73

To Taoist masters of China, masturbation was

A)acceptable for men but not for women.
B)shameful.
C)acceptable for women only.
D)considered a healthy sexual outlet for men.

Question 74

During the Victorian era, women were commonly portrayed and believed to be

A)wildly sexual and sinful.
B)privately very interested in sex while publicly innocent about sexual topics.
C)virgins, even during marriage.
D)uninterested in sex.

Question 75

In a published encyclopedia of sexuality, physician Havelock Ellis concluded that

A)sexual desires in women were sinful.
B)sexual problems were dominated by physical causes.
C)same-sex sexual orientations were natural variations.
D)masturbation and frequent intercourse were unhealthy.

Question 76

Compared to early Eastern religions, early Christianity

A)had a more positive view of sexuality.
B)had a more negative view of sexuality.
C)was very similar in viewing sexuality.
D)had little to say about sexuality in marriage.

Question 77

Alfred Kinsey is recognized for

A)making sex research a respectable field of academic study and openly discussed.
B)the first attempts ever to study any form of human sexual behavior.
C)his definitive study of the human sexual response.
D)exciting books, exploring the sexual behavior of a variety of individuals.

Question 78

During the Middle Ages, what development in European Christendom helped to elevate the status of women?

A)The coronation of Queen Victoria
B)The development of the modern Protestant denominations
C)The cult of the Virgin Mary
D)The writings of Augustine

Question 79

The Kama Sutra is a sexual manual from which religion or culture?

A)Christianity
B)Islam
C)Hindu
D)Chinese

Question 80

The Kama Sutra is a detailed sex manual that reflected the sexual practices of

A)all Far East cultures.
B)the Hindu culture.
C)the Chinese culture.
D)the Taoist culture.