Deck 16: Psychology and Personality

Question 1

The _______ hypothalamus causes an animal to stop eating.

A)ventromedial nucleus
B)proximal
C)lateral
D)distal

Answer 1

ventromedial nucleus

Question 2

According to Maslow, individuals are motivated to satisfy their esteem needs before satisfying their _______ needs.

A)safety
B)belongingness
C)physiological
D)self-actualization

Answer 2

self-actualization

Question 3

Facial-feedback hypothesis would agree with all of the following except

A)if you want to know how someone is feeling, look at his or her face.
B)facial expressions for certain emotions are universal.
C)learning has no affect on emotional facial expressions.
D)facial expressions can tell us more than what a person says.

Answer 3

learning has no affect on emotional facial expressions.

Question 4

Greg is physically and romantically attracted to men. This known as Greg's

A)homosexuality.
B)sexuality.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender.

Question 5

A new term to describe a period of time when young people can explore roles by continuing their education, changing jobs, and continuing to be financially dependent on their parents is known as

A)extended adolescence.
B)emerging adulthood.
C)the Peter Pan syndrome.
D)all of these

Question 6

Motives can be seen in all except which of the following?

A)Needs
B)Self-esteem
C)Drives
D)Incentives

Question 7

Individuals who are the same age and experience similar societal events are known as

A)comrades.
B)societal siblings.
C)cohorts.
D)all of these

Question 8

Which type of intelligence has been shown to increase through middle adulthood?

A)Wisdom
B)Crystallized
C)Fluid
D)Perceptual speed

Question 9

Katherine spends hours upon hours applying her make-up, looking at herself in the mirror, and changing outfits before going to school. This routine may be due to Katherine's belief in the

A)imaginary audience.
B)self-audience.
C)personable fable.
D)critical self.

Question 10

All except which of the following are implicated in aggression in human?

A)Testosterone
B)Deindivuation
C)Learned behavior
D)Hypothalamus

Question 11

The mechanism that allows for the ego to unconsciously protect against anxiety-evoking material is

A)repression.
B)reaction formation.
C)sublimation.
D)all of these

Question 12

Prenatal development progresses from the

A)germinal to the embryonic stage.
B)germinal to the placenta stage.
C)fetal to the embryonic stage.
D)germinal to the zygote stage.

Question 13

Which part of the brain is most involved with planning and self-regulation?

A)Limbic system
B)Frontal lobe
C)Occipital lobe
D)Cerebellum

Question 14

The opposite of introversion is

A)extraversion.
B)neuroticism.
C)agreeableness.
D)emotional stability.

Question 15

_______ expectations affect one's ability to succeed on a task.

A)Self-efficacy
B)Conditional
C)Ideal
D)None of these

Question 16

Harry wants to learn to catch a ball to earn the praise of his father. Harry appears to be motivated by ________ rewards.

A)intrinsic
B)tangible
C)extrinsic
D)viable

Question 17

The five-factor model included all of the following basic personality factors except

A)extraversion.
B)conscientiousness.
C)openness.
D)introversion.

Question 18

Dr. Jones tells Richard that his ailments are related to fewer antioxidants in his system. This explanation is most likely related to the __________ theory of aging.

A)wear-and-tear
B)immunological
C)stress
D)free-radical

Question 19

Erik Erikson characterizes early adulthood as the stage of

A)dreams versus nightmares.
B)intimacy versus isolation.
C)hopes versus reality.
D)independence versus dependence.

Question 20

All of the following are part of Kubler-Ross's stages of dying except

A)anger.
B)frustration.
C)bargaining.
D)denial.

Question 21

An important advantage of _______ therapy is the fact that individuals can see they are not the only ones who have experienced difficulties.

A)meta
B)cognitive
C)gestalt
D)group

Question 22

Which of the following characteristics is associated with psychological hardiness?

A)Control
B)Perfectionism
C)Type A personality
D)Humor

Question 23

Behavior therapy employs the principles of _______ to modify problem behaviors.

A)empathy
B)transference
C)integration
D)learning

Question 24

Psychoanalytical therapeutic intervention involves the _______ technique.

A)projective
B)free association
C)active listening
D)group

Question 25

The _______ view of personality focuses on the influence of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status.

A)humanistic
B)sociocultural
C)existentialistic
D)individualistic

Question 26

Psychological assessments that are based on the presentation of ambiguous stimuli are called ______ tests.

A)clinical
B)standardized
C)projective
D)reality

Question 27

The disorder that is characterized by a constant state of worry and tension is the _______ disorder.

A)generalized anxiety
B)panic disorder
C)phobic
D)obsessive

Question 28

When children are raised with conditional positive regard, they will most likely experience

A)self-efficacy.
B)actualization.
C)self-esteem.
D)conditions of worth.

Question 29

Tom's mother constantly misinterprets physical sensations and goes to the doctor because she is convinced she has some dreaded disease. Tom's mother is exhibiting

A)senility.
B)hypochondriasis.
C)la belle indifference.
D)conversion disorder.

Question 30

_______ occurs when the goals that produce opposing motives are positive and within reach.

A)Approach-approach conflict
B)Avoidance-approach conflict
C)Avoidance-avoidance conflict
D)None of the above

Question 31

Kris drives his car at 100 miles per hour after drinking a six-pack of beer. This behavior fits which criteria of psychological disorders?

A)Unusual
B)Self-defeating
C)Dangerous
D)Severe personal distress

Question 32

Individuals exhibiting schizophrenia may experience false perceptions called

A)mania.
B)neuroticism.
C)delusions.
D)hallucinations.

Question 33

When a person exhibits two or more distinct personalities that may alternately emerge, they are exhibiting _______ disorder.

A)split personality
B)neurotic personality
C)dissociative identity
D)antisocial personality

Question 34

The _______ personality disorder is characterized by frequent conflict with society and little remorse or guilt for hurting others.

A)borderline
B)avoidant
C)antisocial
D)schizoid

Question 35

If a therapist focuses on an individual's irrational thoughts and negative thinking patterns, he or she is employing _______ therapy.

A)gestalt
B)meta
C)cognitive
D)feedback

Question 36

Since the 1960s, most individuals with serious psychological disorders are treated in

A)asylums.
B)psychiatric hospitals
C)their communities.
D)specialized medical facilities.

Question 37

Hans Seyle described the _______, which involves three phases in the body's response to stress.

A)affective response pattern
B)alarm response set
C)locus of control
D)general adaptation syndrome

Question 38

Stress-related illnesses include

A)migraine headaches.
B)hypertension.
C)heart disease.
D)all of these

Question 39

The most common disorder for women is probably

A)depression.
B)schizophrenia.
C)substance abuse.
D)antisocial personality.

Question 40

Carl Rogers's method of therapy that emphasized self-exploration and self-expression in a warm, accepting atmosphere is called _______ therapy.

A)client-centered
B)genuine
C)active
D)gestalt

Question 41

Sally decided to dress like all the other students at her new school so she would fit in with the crowd. She is demonstrating

A)modeling.
B)obedience.
C)conformity.
D)individualism.

Question 42

When members of a group discontinue self-evaluation and adopt group norms and attitudes that can lead to a mob mentality, _______ has occurred.

A)cognitive dissonance
B)deindividuation
C)social facilitation
D)all of the above

Question 43

A technique used to change attitudes involves the creation of

A)selective exposure.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)selective avoidance.
D)all of these

Question 44

_______ are beliefs, feelings, or preconceived ideas that influence a person's reaction to people, places, and things.

A)Attitudes
B)Morals
C)Ideals
D)None of these

Question 45

Todd firmly believes that the only way the United States will become a strong country once again is if a Tea Party candidate is elected to state office. We can predict Todd's voting behavior based on the __________ of Todd's beliefs.

A)strength
B)specificity
C)vested interest
D)accessibility

Question 46

The _______ therapy has been found to be successful with clients who suffer from major depression and have failed to respond to other types of therapeutic intervention.

A)prefrontal lobotomy
B)sedative
C)electroconvulsive
D)antianxiety

Question 47

All of the following are components of Roberts Sternberg's triangular model of love except

A)intimacy.
B)physical attraction.
C)commitment.
D)passion.

Question 48

The _______ error involves the assumption that others' behavior is primarily due to their personality and temperament rather than environmental factors.

A)stereotyping
B)dissonance
C)discrimination
D)fundamental attribution

Question 49

Prejudice is to discrimination as

A)belief is to action.
B)denial is to stereotype.
C)action is to prejudgment.
D)response is to perception.

Question 50

One of the reasons it is difficult to objectively study the effects of therapy is due to factors such as the client's relationship with the therapist. This is known as a(n) ________ factor.

A)therapeutic
B)alliance
C)nonspecific
D)subjective