Deck 12: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

You are suddenly overcome with fear and feel like you are having a heart attack because of chest pains, dizziness, and weakness. After several minutes, the episode passes, but you experience several unexpected reoccurrences over the next few months. This indicates

A)normal behavior.
B)ideas of persecution.
C)unusual behavior that is likely abnormal.
D)hallucinations.

Answer 1

unusual behavior that is likely abnormal.

Question 2

A factor that determines whether or not a behavior or feeling is evidence of a psychological disorder may be

A)whether the behavior or feeling is pleasant.
B)whether the behavior or feeling is appropriate to the situation.
C)whether or not the behavior is legal.
D)whether the behavior or feeling is appropriate to the norms of the dominant culture.

Answer 2

whether the behavior or feeling is appropriate to the situation.

Question 3

While anxiety is an appropriate response to a threat, it becomes evidence of a disorder when it

A)feels unpleasant.
B)cannot be concealed.
C)is excessive.
D)cannot be ignored.

Answer 3

is excessive.

Question 4

All of the following are assumptions of the medical model of psychological disorders except

A)disorders are termed as mental illnesses.
B)disorders are diagnosed.
C)patients are prescribed medication.
D)disorders are caused by environmental factors.

Question 5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual provides the most widely used system for __________ psychological disorders.

A)curing
B)classifying
C)labeling
D)causes of

Question 6

The ________ model proposed that psychological disorders are caused by a combination of factors related to nature and nurture.

A)medical
B)biopsychological
C)diathesis-stress
D)psychodynamic

Question 7

The news just reported that a hurricane is headed toward your home. You feel anxious and can't decide what to do first to prepare. This response is indicative of ________ behavior.

A)unusual
B)normal
C)abnormal
D)faulty

Question 8

Throughout human history, people have assumed that psychological disorders resulted from

A)chemical imbalances.
B)parental abuse.
C)supernatural forces.
D)stressful life experiences.

Question 9

Researchers' concerns regarding the use of the DSM-IV includes all except which of the following?

A)The tendency to "pathologize" certain behaviors.
B)The lack of predictive validity.
C)The emphasis on the psychodynamic explanation.
D)The inconsistently in the reliability of diagnosing various disorders.

Question 10

Dr. Peters tells Marley's parents that she most likely developed schizophrenia because she was genetically predisposed to develop this disorder as well as the fact that she experienced a traumatic event in early adulthood. Dr. Peters' viewpoint represents the ________ model.

A)medical
B)biopsychological
C)diathesis-stress
D)psychodynamic

Question 11

The DSM-IV groups disorders on the basis of

A)observable symptoms.
B)assumptions about their causes.
C)the type of personality associated with each.
D)the theoretical orientation of their prescribed treatments.

Question 12

Many criteria have been suggested to differentiate normal and abnormal behavior. All of the following are included except

A)behaviors that are rare.
B)behaviors that distort reality.
C)risk-taking behaviors.
D)behaviors that impair functioning.

Question 13

A woman has been brought to the emergency room because she says that she has been seeing green ooze running down the walls of her bedroom. She is demonstrating

A)dangerous behavior.
B)normal behavior.
C)faulty perceptions.
D)none of these

Question 14

Hippocrates proposed that psychological disorders might

A)signify divine possession.
B)signify demonic possession.
C)be cured by exorcism.
D)be caused by a brain abnormality.

Question 15

The fact that some psychological disorders exist within certain cultures but not in others is called

A)culture-specific.
B)culture-free.
C)culture-bound.
D)culture-identity.

Question 16

You are drinking too much, smoking too much, and fighting with your family. You realize that these behaviors are ________ and decide to seek help.

A)rare
B)self-defeating
C)bizarre
D)persecuting others

Question 17

Which one of the following is a physiological feature that accompanies anxiety?

A)Worrying
B)Elevated blood pressure
C)Fear of losing control
D)Nervousness

Question 18

A man spends several hours in front of his mirror each morning in an effort to put every hair on his head in its exact place before leaving for work. This concern for trivial details suggests

A)dangerous behavior.
B)unusual behavior.
C)faulty perceptions.
D)delusional beliefs.

Question 19

Which of the following statement best summarizes the research related to the prevalence of psychological disorders?

A)About one-third of us will meet the criteria for a DSM disorder at some point in our lives.
B)Most psychological disorders begin in middle adulthood.
C)Psychological disorders affect most of us in either direct or indirect ways.
D)Most psychological disorders are caused by mutant genes.

Question 20

Your neighbor confides that she is worried because she believes that various government agencies have bugged her phone and are out to get her. This kind of thinking suggests

A)ideas of persecution.
B)that your neighbor is in real danger.
C)hallucinations.
D)anxiety.

Question 21

A recurrent, intrusive thought that causes anxiety and is difficult to control is a(n)

A)compulsion.
B)obsession.
C)disorder.
D)generalization.

Question 22

Which of the following would be most debilitating to the work of an acrobat or trapeze artist?

A)Fear of public speaking
B)A social phobia
C)Agoraphobia
D)Acrophobia

Question 23

A woman has difficulty concentrating on her job at work because of her preoccupation with the possibility that she has left the stove on or the iron plugged in at home. She imagines that her house will catch fire because of her mistake. She confides in her doctor. What diagnosis is the doctor likely to consider?

A)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)Panic disorder
C)Specific phobia
D)Obsessive-compulsive personality

Question 24

A college student Ted refuses to sign up for speech class because he is afraid that he will do something embarrassing in front of the class. He can't graduate until he completes the course. This behavior is most likely associated with a(n)

A)agoraphobia.
B)specific phobia.
C)acrophobia.
D)social phobia.

Question 25

Twin studies reveal higher rates of __________ for anxiety disorders among identical twins than among fraternal twins.

A)vulnerability
B)resistance
C)concordance
D)stress

Question 26

Margaret worries about everything all the time. She is very restless and can't sleep at night. She is probably experiencing a(n)

A)night phobia.
B)night terrors.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)all of these

Question 27

It is believed that __________ tend to reduce the anxiety connected with obsessions.

A)compulsions
B)phobias
C)stressors
D)physical symptoms

Question 28

Agoraphobia is translated from the Greek word that means

A)fear of cats.
B)fear of the marketplace.
C)fear of Greeks.
D)fear of death.

Question 29

The psychodynamic perspective views obsessive-compulsive disorder as connected to a(n)

A)Oedipus complex.
B)oral fixation.
C)anal fixation.
D)all of these

Question 30

The main factor that separates a phobia from a normal fear is

A)what a person is afraid of.
B)when the fear occurs.
C)how the fear interferes with the person's life.
D)whether the fear began in childhood or in adulthood.

Question 31

Kevin keeps thinking he is an evil, unclean person who is capable of committing murder even though he would never do such a thing. He tries to put the thoughts out of his mind by washing his hands 15 to 20 times a day. Kevin demonstrates

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)acute stress disorder.
D)panic disorder.

Question 32

Terry was raped a week ago. She has been overwhelmed with feelings of anxiety and helplessness. Her doctor refers to her condition as

A)acute stress disorder.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)panic disorder.

Question 33

Individuals who have experienced severe trauma or victimization may experience debilitating anxiety reactions months and years after the actual traumatic experience. For example, disaster victims or war veterans often have their first symptoms many months after the actual events. These patients are diagnosed as suffering from

A)generalized anxiety.
B)neurosis.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)acute distress disorder.

Question 34

Learning theorists explain phobias as

A)conditioned fears acquired during early childhood.
B)repressed impulses.
C)imitated or modeled behaviors.
D)unconditioned responses to fears that are species specific.

Question 35

__________ phobias are excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations such as snakes or heights.

A)Disordered
B)Irrational
C)Social
D)Specific

Question 36

The argument that feelings of anxiety and helplessness are rooted in one's beliefs is consistent with the __________ view.

A)cognitive
B)learning
C)existential
D)behavioral

Question 37

One of the most difficult consequences of agoraphobia is that those who suffer from the disorder are often unable to

A)keep a job.
B)enjoy pets.
C)make casual conversation.
D)use elevators.

Question 38

The central feature of a generalized anxiety disorder is that the anxiety is

A)attached to a specific object or event.
B)persistent.
C)characterized by intermittent attacks.
D)based on childhood trauma.

Question 39

The most likely psychological disorder to occur among soldiers returning from Iraq after many months of battle is

A)schizophrenia.
B)post traumatic stress disorder.
C)anxiety.
D)depression.

Question 40

Eric experiences reoccurring panic attacks. He has become so afraid of having another panic attack, he refuses to leave his home. Eric exhibits

A)panic disorder with agoraphobia.
B)panic disorder with acrophobia.
C)panic disorder with social phobia.
D)panic disorder.

Question 41

Somatoform disorders involve

A)the conversion of anxiety into a physical form.
B)a physical dysfunction.
C)repressed memories.
D)the transformation of anger into a physical illness.

Question 42

Maggie experiences anxiety all the time. Her doctor believes that the cause is associated with a neurotransmitter called

A)adrenaline.
B)monoamineoxidase.
C)dopamine.
D)GABA.

Question 43

The difference between depression and major depression is that

A)with major depression, not only are the feelings more intense, but the dysfunction is more pervasive.
B)depression last longer.
C)major depression is less likely to result in suicide.
D)depression is more severe.

Question 44

Dissociative disorders involve __________ that cannot be attributed to organic problems.

A)a loss of memory
B)a loss of contact with reality
C)malingering
D)dangerous split personalities

Question 45

For as long as Shelley can remember, her grandmother has always been sick. She goes from doctor to doctor, even though they keep telling her she is in excellent health. Her grandmother insists the doctors don't know what they are talking about. She is sure she has some terrible disease. The doctor explains to Shelley that her grandmother is exhibiting

A)conversion disorder.
B)pain disorder.
C)hypochondriasis.
D)disease phobia.

Question 46

Which one of the following findings supports the biological perspective on anxiety disorders?

A)People of similar religious backgrounds often have the same fears concerning death.
B)Men report more anxiety than women when it comes to asking someone to marry.
C)Reinforcement of specific life events that cause anxiety appear to occur at intermittent frequencies.
D)Twin studies find a higher concordance rate for anxiety disorders among identical twins.

Question 47

The "common cold" of psychological disorders is

A)anxiety.
B)mania.
C)schizophrenia.
D)depression.

Question 48

In panic disorder, biological imbalances might initially trigger an attack. However, later feelings of helplessness can increase fear. This description demonstrates the __________ biological and psychological factors in mental disorders.

A)interaction of
B)impossibility of understanding the role of
C)cause-effect relationship of
D)lack of relationship between

Question 49

Dr. Alexander tells her class that at one time a fear of strangers was important in our survival as humans. Her beliefs are consistent with which view of anxiety?

A)Evolutionary
B)Natural selection
C)Behavioral
D)Biological

Question 50

A young mother is experiencing a loss of interest in her home and family. At the same time, she lacks her usual energy level and has a low sense of self-esteem. She has good reality contact and is not suicidal. These symptoms suggest

A)major depression.
B)depression.
C)psychotic behaviors.
D)malingering.

Question 51

__________ theory suggests that dissociative disorders arise when people attempt to repress improper impulses.

A)Psychodynamic
B)Learning
C)Cognitive
D)Social-cognitive

Question 52

Patients with persistent complaints that they have physical problems like a serious disease, paralysis, or pain for which no physical cause can be found are exhibiting

A)somatoform disorders.
B)malingering.
C)manipulation.
D)anxiety.

Question 53

Sarah was found in New York City by her family. At first, Sarah didn't remember who she was or who they were. When they all returned to their home in Florida, Sarah couldn't remember going to New York but regained her memory for her family. Sarah demonstrates

A)dissociative amnesia.
B)dissociative fugue.
C)dissociative identity disorder.
D)depersonalization disorder.

Question 54

All of the following facts would be strong evidence that dissociative identity disorder is a true disorder except

A)individuals with DID show allergies when exhibiting one identity but not the others.
B)some identities in individuals with DID are color blind while the others are not.
C)individuals with DID have different-pitched voices when exhibiting different identities.
D)one identity with DID likes chocolate while the others do not.

Question 55

Individuals who are least likely to exhibit conversion disorders include

A)soldiers in combat.
B)fighter pilots.
C)concentration camp prisoners.
D)farmers.

Question 56

Some people with conversion disorder seem unconcerned with their symptoms, even when they experience considerable disability such as paralysis. This feature of conversion disorder has been called

A)atypical.
B)disturbed.
C)la belle indifference.
D)la joie de vivre.

Question 57

Jane has black-out periods where she can't remember what she did or where she was. She found clothing in her closet that she would never wear and doesn't know how it got there. When she goes to see the doctor she introduces herself as Suzy. Jane seems to be exhibiting

A)dissociative.
B)dissociative fugue.
C)dissociative identity disorder.
D)depersonalization disorder.

Question 58

Cory was driving the car when an accident occurred that killed his best friend who was with him. When Cory woke up the next morning, he couldn't remember where he was or what had happened the night before. He is most likely exhibiting

A)dissociative amnesia.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)panic disorder.
D)dissociative fugue.

Question 59

Because DID is more commonly found in the United States and Canada, it can be said that DID is

A)culture-bound.
B)related to ethnicity.
C)a disorder of affluence.
D)not a true disorder.

Question 60

Which of the following does not belong?

A)Conversion disorder
B)Hypochondriasis
C)La belle indifference
D)Anxiety

Question 61

Which neurotransmitter is associated with depression?

A)Serotonin
B)Dopamine
C)Glutamate
D)GABA

Question 62

Whether people consider the causes of failure to be internal or external depends on the type of __________ style they use.

A)cognitive
B)psychological
C)attributional
D)helplessness

Question 63

A therapist looks for the cause of a client's depression in examples of hidden anger. The therapist endorses the ____ view of depression.

A)learning
B)social-cognitive
C)psychodynamic
D)cognitive

Question 64

Which one of the following statements can be described as an unstable attribution?

A)"I can't sing."
B)"I am very kind to all animals."
C)"I failed the class because I was sick all the time"
D)"I really screwed up."

Question 65

Psychomotor retardation is associated with

A)bipolar disorder.
B)paranoid schizophrenia.
C)depersonalization.
D)major depression.

Question 66

The symptoms of rapid or "pressured" speech, the tendency to switch from topic to topic, and an inability to listen to the comments of others are often observed in patients with bipolar disorder. These symptoms are often referred to as

A)argumentative.
B)overly expressive.
C)flight of ideas.
D)distractibility.

Question 67

"I never could stand up for myself in a fight. It's just the way I am." This is an example of a(n) _____ attribution.

A)stable
B)global
C)external
D)irrational

Question 68

Which of the following is considered a possible risk factor for suicide?

A)Mania
B)Family support
C)Employment
D)Perfectionism

Question 69

Which of the following statements is correct concerning diagnoses of depression?

A)Men and women are diagnosed with depression at equal rates.
B)Older men are two times more likely to be diagnosed with depression than older women.
C)Men are three times more likely than women to be diagnosed with depression.
D)Women are about two times more likely than men to be diagnosed with depression.

Question 70

Pessimism and self-criticism are __________ factors in depression.

A)psychodynamic
B)cognitive
C)social
D)behavioral

Question 71

Psychologists suggest that one reason women may suffer from depression more than men is that they have a(n)

A)cognitive vulnerability.
B)genetic predisposition.
C)environmental predisposition.
D)world full of men.

Question 72

Most suicides are linked to

A)feelings of depression and hopelessness.
B)unexpressed anger.
C)psychosis.
D)postpartum depression.

Question 73

Factors that are thought to contribute to depression in women include all of the following except

A)hormonal changes during adolescence.
B)childbirth.
C)the menstrual cycle.
D)marriage.

Question 74

Craig is talking with his therapist who can't get a word in the conversation. Craig just keeps talking about everything and anything. He is very restless and can't sit still. He claims he has only slept for two hours/night for the last four days. Only a week ago, Craig was hospitalized for a suicide attempt. It is likely Craig is exhibiting

A)major depression.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)depersonalization disorder.
D)multiple personality disorder.

Question 75

Learning theory suggests that depression can result from

A)learned helplessness.
B)punishment.
C)guilt.
D)anger turned inward.

Question 76

Bipolar disorder used to be called

A)major depressive disorder with anxiety.
B)manic-depressive disorder.
C)hysteria.
D)vicious cycle disorder.

Question 77

Which of the following suggests that mood disorders have a biological basis?

A)There are high concordance rates for bipolar disorder in identical twins.
B)Children model parental attitudes of pessimism.
C)Some people are more aggressive than others.
D)Depressed children often get more attention than their siblings.

Question 78

Depressed people often make global attributions to explain failures. For example, a global explanation for a relationship failure might be,

A)"All the good ones are already married."
B)"I guess I'm just not ready to make a commitment."
C)"We agreed that our religious differences would be a problem."
D)"I was not as loyal as I should have been."

Question 79

Which of the following does not belong?

A)Rapid flight of ideas
B)Argumentative
C)Passive
D)Aggressive

Question 80

Pearl constantly blames herself for problems in her marriage. She believes she has a personality flaw, and no matter what, she will always have problems in relationships. Pearl will likely exhibit

A)mania.
B)depression.
C)delusions.
D)phobias.