Deck 22: Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Question 1

_____ resists the acid in the stomach and attaches in the large intestines. It creates special filaments to infect other cells. Within 1-4 days the patient has diffuse diarrhea,with blood and mucus,which could lead to kwashiorkor and vitamin B₁₂ deficiencies.

A)Salmonella typhi
B)Vibrio cholerae
C)Shigella dysenteriae
D)Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In areas of good sanitation,shigellosis is usually spread by _____.

A)poor handwashing
B)contaminated water
C)domestic animals
D)all of these choices

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Salmonella _________ ,a common cause of food poisoning,is found in many animals including poultry.

A)typhimurium
B)enteritidis
C)typhi
D)typhus

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following intoxications is incorrectly matched with the causative microbe?

A)Clostridium botulinum -- endotoxin which is heat labile
B)Staphylococcus aureus -- enterotoxin which is heat stable
C)Pseudomonas cocovenenans -- bongkrek disease
D)Bacillus cereus -- toxin is an emetic

Question 5

Dental caries are most effectively controlled by:

A)fluoride treatment
B)chloride treatment
C)sealant application
D)two of these choices

Question 6

Which pair is matched incorrectly?

A)acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis-trench mouth
B)periodontitis-bone and tissue damage
C)gingivitis-due to plaque deposits
D)calculus-due to gum lesions

Question 7

Which of the following infections is due to prokaryotic organisms?

A)stomach ulcers
B)hepatitis
C)duodenal ulcers
D)two of these choices

Question 8

Typhoid fever can be prevented by:

A)good hygiene
B)proper sewage disposal
C)vaccination
D)all of these choices

Question 9

Taxonomically,Salmonella has been broken down into 2000 different _______ ,depending on the antigens on their surface.

A)species
B)serovars
C)viruses
D)genera

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the oral cavity disease with the organism responsible?

A)gingivitis -- Porphyromonas
B)periodontal disease -- Helicobacter pylori
C)orchitis -- paramyxovirus
D)dental caries -- Streptococcus mutans

Question 11

All of the statements about mumps are true EXCEPT:

A)Domestic pets can be carriers of the virus.
B)Caused by a paramyxovirus.
C)Incidence of disease is significantly less since the vaccine was licensed.
D)Parotid glands swell 14 to 21 days after exposure.

Question 12

Streptococcus form ________ , polysaccharides that enable bacteria to adhere to the tooth surface.

A)glucose
B)fructose
C)maltose
D)dextrans

Question 13

Which of the following infections is due to protozoa?

A)Giardiasis
B)Fluke infections
C)Ascariasis
D)Trichinosis

Question 14

Staphylococcus food poisoning is caused by:

A)enterotoxins
B)exotoxins
C)toxins that cause neural stimulation of the vomiting center of the brain
D)all of these choices

Question 15

Which disease is not always treated with antibiotics because the drugs seem to induce carrier states in the gallbladder?

A)Staphylococcus food poisoning
B)Salmonellosis
C)Shigellosis
D)Asiatic cholera

Question 16

Feces are composed about 50% by weight and volume of bacteria. Most of these are species of ________.

A)Salmonella
B)Escherichia
C)Bacteroides
D)Streptococcus

Question 17

Which helminth burrows through the skin,reach the lungs where they are coughed up and swallowed and then burrow into villi of the intestines and mature to adult worms?

A)Ascariasis
B)Trichinosis
C)Hookworms
D)Strongyloidiasis

Question 18

Hookworms include:

A)Necator americanus
B)Ancylostoma duodenale
C) Ascaris lumibricoide
D)two of these choices

Question 19

Which microbe is responsible for a self-limiting disease whose symptoms include abdominal pain,fever (probably due to endotoxins),diarrhea with blood and mucus,within 8-48 hours of ingestion?

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Clostridium botulinum
C)Salmonella enteritidis
D)Pseudomonas cocovenenans

Question 20

Which gastrointestinal bacterial disease causes systemic symptoms without diarrhea?

A)Asiatic cholera
B)Vibriosis
C)Typhoid fever
D)Staphylococcus food poisoning

Question 21

Helicobacter pylori survives in the stomach due to:

A)a thick capsular layer
B)endospore formation
C)a teichoic acid receptor
D)the production of urease

Question 22

Which of the following protozoal infections is self-limiting in healthy individuals and has no effective treatment?

A)Balantidiasis
B)Cyclosporoiasis
C)Cryptosporidiosis
D)Amoebic dysentery

Question 23

Which bacteria can grow in the gall bladder and be asymptomatically shed from the feces?

A)Giardia
B)Escherichia
C)Salmonella
D)Staphylococcus

Question 24

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is characterized by all of the following except:

A)causes outbreaks of bloody diarrhea
B)produces Shiga toxins 1 and 2
C)leads to kidney failure called hemorrhagic uremic syndrome (HUS)
D)produces aflatoxin

Question 25

Which bacteria commonly causes non-Salmonella enteritis from unpasteurized milk or undercooked poultry?

A)Yersinia enterocolitica
B)Salmonella enteritidis
C)Yersinia pestis
D)Campylobacter jejuni

Question 26

All of the following refers to typhoid fever except:

A)Widal test is used to confirm the diagnosis
B)chloroamphenicol, cephalosporine and fluoroquinolones are used in the treatment
C)requires a surrogate virus infection in order to cause disease
D)internal hemorrhage and perforation of the bowel are serious complications

Question 27

Which of the following microbes causes an enteritis that is sometimes is misdiagnosed as appendicitis because the symptoms are very similar?

A)Yersinia enterocolitica
B)Salmonella enteritidis
C)Yersinia pestis
D)Campylobacter jejuni

Question 28

All of the following are diagnosed by proglottids in the feces of infected patients except:

A)Diphyllobothrium latum
B)Hymenolepis nana
C)Balantidium coli
D)Taenia solium

Question 29

Which is the only ciliated protozoan that causes a human disease similar to amoebic dysentery?

A)Diphyllobothrium latum
B)Hymenolepis nana
C)Balantidium coli
D)Taenia solium

Question 30

Which of the following is not an RNA virus?

A)Hepatitis A
B)Hepatitis B
C)Hepatitis C
D)Hepatitis D

Question 31

Which Escherichia coli strain can cause serious and fatal infections and is found in small numbers in healthy cattle's intestines?

A)enteropathogenic
B)pathogenic
C)enterotoxigenic
D)enterohemorrhagic O157:H7

Question 32

Which term refers to severe diarrhea that often contains large quantities of mucus and sometimes blood?

A)Enteritis
B)Hepatitis
C)Dysentery
D)Enterotoxicosis

Question 33

Traveler's diarrhea is caused by:

A)Rotavirus
B)Salmonella
C)Entamoeba
D)all of these choices

Question 34

Which pathogen is correctly matched with the symptoms it causes?

A)Crytosoporidium - amoebic dysentery
B)Entamoeba histolytica - copious and frothy diarrhea
C)Cyclospora cayentanenisis - extreme fatigue, flu-like symptoms, watery diarrhea
D)Giardia intestinalis - watery diarrhea seen in 400,000+ Milwaukee residents in 1993

Question 35

Which of the following parasitic infections results from ingestion of encysted larvae in poorly cooked pork,venison,and other game animals?

A)Trichinosis
B)Hookworms
C)Pinworm
D)Trichinosis and Pinworm

Question 36

Which of the following helminths is not diagnosed by finding eggs in the feces?

A)Trichinosis
B)Whipworm
C)Ascariasis
D)Hookworm

Question 37

Viral enteritis is caused by:

A)Rotavirus
B)Norwalk virus
C)Hepatitis viruses
D)two of these choices

Question 38

Echinococcus granulosus is characterized by all of the following except:

A)it is a tapeworm
B)children are infected when their faces are licked by infected dogs
C)may form cysticercus in bladder
D)may form hydatid cysts in vital tissues, like the brain

Question 39

Rachael's mother won't let her children play outside their South Carolina home without shoes on to protect her children from:

A)Ascaris
B)Necator
C)Trichinella
D)Taenia saginata

Question 40

Which microbe is incorrectly matched with the disease it causes?

A)Shigella - typhoid fever
B)Helicoacter pylori - peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis
C)enteropathogenic Escherichia coli - traveler's diarrhea
D)Staphylococcus aureus - food poisoning due to enterotoxins A and D

Question 41

Which can be found in a peanut butter and jelly sandwich,if moldy peanuts were used to make the peanut butter?

A)Aflatoxin
B)Ergot
C)Amanita
D)two of these choices

Question 42

This organism is a/an:

A)fungus
B)protozoan
C)virus
D)bacterium
E)worm

Question 43

Which of the following hepatitis viruses would be most likely to be transmitted due to contaminated water?

A)Hepatitis A
B)Hepatitis D
C)Hepatitis C
D)Hepatitis B

Question 44

Your 14-month old daughter is fussy when you bring her home from daycare.When you change her diaper you are shocked to find diarrhea with blood and mucus.Which pathogen might she have and why did you reach that diagnosis?

Question 45

Describe peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis. What infectious agent causes peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis? What is known about its mode of transmission?

Question 46

All of the following refer to the cholera strain in Central and South America except:

A)has a plasmid that codes for the K antigen
B)caused by Vibrio cholerae strain El Tor
C)causes a slow and insidious onset of disease
D)is a contagious agent spread by polluted water

Question 47

What is the relationship between plaque and tartar?

A)neither plaque nor tartar contribute to tooth decay
B)plaque is due to mineralization and tartar to microbes
C)plaque is the first step and tartar the second step in the formation of dental caries
D)plaque is a coating of microbe dextrans while tartar is the mineralization of plaque

Question 48

This organism is the cause of _____.

A)shigellosis
B)staphylococcal food poisoning
C)dental caries
D)typhoid fever

Question 49

How does fluoride help reduce dental decay?

A)absorbs the acid that seeps down between rods of enamel
B)mineralization of fluoride fills in the spaces between enamel rods
C)kills the bacteria that are responsible for dental decay
D)two of these choices

Question 50

Which of the following could be prevented by cooking fish and shellfish?

A)Clonorchis sinensis
B)Taenia saginata
C)Fasciolopsis buski
D)Trichinella spiralis

Question 51

This organism can survive in:

A)warm, acidic water if urine is present
B)cool, acidic water if blood is present
C)neutral water
D)cool, alkaline water if organic matter is present

Question 52

While the overall prevalence of hepatitis has decreased significantly in the last 20 years in the United States,hepatitis due to viruses is still a major public health problem because of the high infectivity of the viruses. What is the mode of transmission for hepatitis viruses? What are potential prevention and treatment methods?

Question 53

Which of the following infections can be self-limiting and will cease without treatment?

A)Strongyloides
B)Pinworm
C)Trichinosis
D)Whipworm

Question 54

Which hepatitis decrease in reported cases in the United States since 1990 is not due to the introduction of a vaccine?

A)Hepatitis B
B)Hepatitis A
C)Hepatitis C
D)Hepatitis A and B

Question 55

Which Hepatitis virus only causes severe disease when there is a coinfection with Hepatitis B?

A)Hepatitis A
B)Hepatitis D
C)Hepatitis C
D)Hepatitis G

Question 56

Consuming which of the following would not put you at risk for gastrointestinal diseases?

A)fresh fruits and vegetables that were thoroughly washed
B)improperly cooked pork chops or venison
C)sushi
D)chlorinated and filtered water

Question 57

Which statement about host susceptibility is incorrect?

A)Hepatitis E has an exceptionally high mortality rate in pregnant women.
B)Only people who eat shellfish in the endemic regions ingest Fasciola hepatica.
C)Breast fed babies are less susceptible to Rotavirus infections.
D)Cryptosporidiosis causes severe diarrhea only in immunocompromised individuals.